| Henry Carroll | |
| Birth Place: | Hagerstown, Maryland |
| Death Date: | February 29, 1820 (aged 27-28) |
| Death Place: | Franklin, Missouri |
| Nationality: | American |
| Occupation: | Lawyer |
| Known For: | Delivering the Treaty of Ghent to President James Madison |
Henry Carroll (– February 29, 1820) was an American lawyer and who served as secretary to Congressman Henry Clay and as a member of the Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission.[1]
Born around 1792 in Maryland,[2] Henry Carroll was the eldest of eight children of Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767–1823) and his wife, the former Ann Sprigg (1769–1837). The Carroll family was one of the most powerful in Maryland, descended from Charles Carroll the Settler (1660–1720), the great-grandfather of Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773), this man's grandfather. Although his great grandfather, Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734) owned the land that eventually became Capitol Hill in the District of Columbia,[3] [4] by this time the family operated plantations near Hagerstown in Washington County, Maryland. His brother Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865) would become a prominent politician in New York, and U.S. Congressman.[5] [6] Another brother, William Thomas Carroll (1831–1863) served as the 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court, and their sister Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866) married Henry Fitzhugh who also became a politician in New York.
Other early distinguished members of the Carroll family were descended from Charles the settler's elder son, Charles Carroll of Annapolis, including Charles Carroll the Barrister, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton who signed the Declaration of Independence for the Colony of Maryland in 1776.
In 1814, Charles Carroll of Bellevue was proprietor of the Dumbarton House which offered a contingency plan for Dolley Madison during the August 23, 1814, flight from the White House prior to the onslaught of the British Army redcoats and the Burning of Washington.[7] [8]
From August 1814 to December 24, 1814, Henry Carroll accompanied a peace commission from the United States to Ghent, Belgium for negotiations concerning the Treaty of Ghent seeking a cessation to the War of 1812.[9] [10] Henry was appointed courier for the delivery of the peace treaty to James Madison for ratification by the United States government. On January 2, 1815, Anthony St. John Baker and Henry Carroll embarked the British sloop ship HMS Favorite in London sailing under a flag of truce to the United States with a distant anchoring at Sandy Hook peninsula on February 11, 1815. After his arrival in Lower New York Bay, Henry boarded a post chaise granting an arrival in Washington City on February 14, 1815. The treaty was delivered to President Madison at a temporary Executive Mansion better known as The Octagon House.[11] [12] President Madison presented the Treaty of Ghent to the United States Senate on February 16, 1815, where the peace treaty was unanimously approved ending British impressment and the War of 1812.[13]
In 1820, Henry Carroll resided in the Missouri Territory near Franklin, Missouri, serving as a federal registrar of public lands for the organized territory concurrently to the Missouri Compromise.[14] Henry Carroll had a dispute with Richard Gentry concerning his governance of land patents and territorial revenue, which led to Gentry shooting and killing Carroll on February 29, 1820.[15]
| Paul Jennings | ||
| Lansdowne portrait | ||
| Josiah Meigs | ||
| Jean Pierre Sioussat |
| Albert Gallatin | ||
| Christopher Hughes | ||
| Jonathan Russell |
| Non-Intercourse Act (1809) | ||
| Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States | ||
| Origins of the War of 1812 |