| Hams Hall Power Station | |
| Coordinates: | 52.5246°N -1.7052°W |
| Country: | England |
| Location: | Warwickshire, West Midlands |
| Status: | Decommissioned and demolished |
| Operator: | City of Birmingham Electricity Supply Department (1928–1948) British Electricity Authority (1948–1955) Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957) Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–1990) |
| Th Fuel Primary: | Coal |
| Ps Cooling Source: | River water and cooling towers |
| Ps Units Operational: | C station: 6 × 65 MW |
| Construction Began: | A: 1927, B: 1937, C: 1953 |
| Commissioned: | A: 1928, B: 1942, C: 1956 |
| Decommissioned: | A: 1975, B: 1981, C: 1992 |
Hams Hall Power Station refers to a series of three, now demolished coal-fired power stations, situated in Warwickshire in the West Midlands of England, northwest of Birmingham city centre.
Following the death of Lord Norton in 1905, his estate was put up for sale in 1911. Part of the house was rebuilt near Cirencester, but the rest was demolished in 1920. Birmingham Corporation Electricity Supply Committee thought Hams Hall a suitable site to build a power station because of a ready supply of water in the Tame Valley, and nearness to the Warwickshire Coalfield and the Midland Railway. It was felt the Nechells power station under construction in 1919 would only have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of Birmingham for ten years.[1] Hams Hall Power Station was constructed by the municipally owned City of Birmingham Electricity Supply Department[2] on the site in 1928.[3] It was opened on 6 November 1929, equipped with two Fraser & Chalmers 30,000 kW turbo-alternators.[4] The generating capacity of the site was progressively increased to 240,000 kW. The station burned approximately 774,000 tonnes of coal a year. At the time, it was one of the largest power stations in Europe.
The station was also the first power station in the United Kingdom to burn pulverised coal, rather than lumps of coal. It was also used as a prototype site for the installation of gas turbines in coal-fired plants. Water for the station was cooled by six reinforced concrete hyperbolic cooling towers.[5] At the time, these were the largest cooling towers ever built. The station had two tall chimneys.
In 1962 a 15 MW Bristol Siddeley Olympus aircraft gas turbine was commissioned. It was used to assess the suitability of aircraft gas turbine generators for meeting peak-load and emergency requirements. The installed capacity and electricity output is summarised in the table.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
| Installed capacity, MW | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 261.7 | 261.7 | 261.7 | 255 | 165 | 15 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity output, GWh | 810 | 352 | 423 | 397 | 314 | 163 | 109.6 | 118.8 | 224.6 | 213.3 | 47 | 0.91 |
During the Second World War the station given its strategic value was guarded by the regular army till September 1942 (probably an anti-aircraft battery and a Home Guard company (formed from the staff; they also guarded the Nechells power stations) which remained on guard till being stood down on 1 October 1944. Before war was declared cables nearby were damaged by explosives – a rare example of possible sabotage. The Home Guard website records both power station sites were attacked (minus details).[13]
The second station on the site, Hams Hall B Power Station, was planned in 1937. It began generating electricity in 1942. The station was expanded between 1946 and 1949.[14] In 1947 the B station had the highest thermal efficiency of any plant in the UK.[15] The station had a generating capacity of 160,500 kW. With its completion the two stations formed the greatest concentration of generating plant in Europe.[16] Its water was cooled by four cooling towers. The station used Parsons turbo-alternators.[17] These were supplied with steam from the Stirling (4) and Yarrow (4) boilers which delivered 450.0 kg/s of steam at 44.8 bar and 441 °C. In 1980/1 the station sent out just 575 MWh.
In December 1945 there was complaint about pollution from the station. This was caused by a corroded metal connection between the boilers and the chimneys. The pollution continued until 1948, when the connection was eventually replaced.[18]
The combined Hams Hall "A" and "B" stations were nationalised on 1 April 1948 under the terms of the Electricity Act, 1947. The installed capacity and electricity output is summarised in the table.[10]
| Installed capacity, MW | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 348 | 348 | 348 | 330 | 330 | 330 | 330 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity output, GWh | 989 | 1,519 | 1,615 | 1,692 | 1,510 | 1,305 | 1241.5 | 1287 | 1175 | 1110 | 835 | 431 | 0.6 |
The third, final station to be constructed on the site was Hams Hall C Power Station, built in the 1950s and commissioned between 1956 and 1958. The station's water was cooled by three high natural draft cooling towers.[20] It generated 357 MW of electricity using six generating sets each of 65 MW. The turbo-alternators were supplied with steam from the boilers which produced 788 kg/s of steam at 241.3/158.6 bar and 593/566 °C. In 1980/1 the station sent out 3,439.623 GWh, the thermal efficiency was 29.60 per cent.
In 1968, the station was under consideration to be converted to fuelled by natural gas, after a successful experimental trial of the fuel in one of the station's boilers earlier in the year.[21] [22] In October 1968 permission for the conversion was refused due to difficulties in the coal industry.[23] Despite this, talk of conversion started again in 1970, and following discussion with the National Coal Board and the National Union of Mineworkers, permission was granted for the station to co-fire coal and natural gas.[24] The installed capacity and electricity output is summarised in the table.
| Installed capacity, MW | 112 | 280 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity output, GWh | 223 | 1,334 | 2,344 | 2,334 | 2,255 | 1,972 | 2,592 | 1,392 | 366 | 793 |
In 1968 the site was considered for a fourth power station. The CEGB made routine investigations into the feasibility of a D station, but nothing was ever built.[26]
After closure and demolition of the power stations an industrial estate was constructed on the site. Alfred McAlpine were involved in the construction work of the new estate.[27] The site is still owned by E.ON, the current form of PowerGen, and known as Hams Hall Distribution Park.[28]