| Hadiyya | |
| States: | Ethiopia |
| Region: | Hadiya Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region |
| Ref: | [1] |
| Date: | 2007 census |
| Familycolor: | Afro-Asiatic |
| Fam2: | Cushitic |
| Fam3: | Highland East Cushitic |
| Dia1: | Hadiyya |
| Dia2: | Soro |
| Dia3: | Leemo |
| Iso3: | hdy |
| Glotto: | hadi1240 |
| Glottorefname: | Hadiyya |
| Notice: | IPA |
Hadiyya (speakers call it Hadiyyisa, others sometimes call it Hadiyigna, Adiya, Adea, Adiye, Hadia, Hadiya, Hadya) is the language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia. Over 1.2 million speakers of Hadiyya, making it one of the ten major languages in Ethiopia. It is a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afroasiatic family. Most speakers live in the Hadiya Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR).[2] The language has four recognized dialects—Leemo, Badawacho, Shashogo, and Sooro. These are mutually intelligible, with slight regional variations.
The closely related Libido language, located just to the north in the Mareko district of Gurage Zone, is very similar lexically, but has significant morphological differences. Historically oral, Hadiyya is now written using a Latin-based orthography, developed for educational and administrative use. Hadiyya has a set of complex consonant phonemes consisting of a glottal stop and a sonorant: pronounced as //ʔr/, /ʔj/, /ʔw/, /ʔl//.
In their book (English version 1999), Braukämper and Mishago compiled a reasonably sized collection of the presently vanishing art of traditional songs of Hadiyya. The lyrics adhere to the strict rule of Hadiyya traditional poetry where rhythmical rhyming occurs at the beginning of the verse.[3]
The New Testament of the Christian Bible has been translated into Hadiyya, published by the Bible Society of Ethiopia in 1993. It was originally produced using the traditional Ethiopic syllabary. A later printing used the Latin alphabet.
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
| pronounced as /ʔm/ | pronounced as /ʔn/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| pronounced as /ʔl/ | ||||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | ||
| Mid | e eː | o oː | ||
| Open | a aː |
| Letter | Name (IPA) | Example(s)[6] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A a | [a] | mato (one), Waa’aa (God) | |
| B b | [ba] | baxo (work), lobakata (much, many) | |
| C c | [tʃ’a] | maceesee (hear me), cawoomoo (I’ll be silent) | |
| CH ch | [tʃa] | manchoo (man), heechaa (life) | |
| D d | [da] | daddaraanchoo (merchant), danaamoo (good, beautiful) | |
| E e | [e] | neesee (us), eranee (well, good) | |
| F f | [fa] | hoffanee (small), fatakimaa or fatahimaa (to release) | |
| G g | [ga] | gatisima (to save, to secure), gaga (self) | |
| H h | [ha] | hasee (find it), halichoo (donkey) | |
| I i | [i] | iihanee (mine), hinkid (how) | |
| J j | [dʒa] | joraa (bad), jagara (small residence usually next to a bigger one) | |
| K k | [ka] | ka (‘you’ for male), kuk (this) | |
| L l | [la] | lelee (play), laroo (cows) | |
| M m | [ma] | ma’ccee (ear), maree (go) | |
| N n | [na] | nafaraa (meadow in front area), neesee (us) | |
| NY ny | [ɲa] | adapted for loan words such as "sanyo" (monday) of Amharic | |
| O o | [o] | meenticcoo (woman or the woman), woroon (below) | |
| P p | [pa] | adapted for loan words such as "politics" from English, and "police" from Amharic/English. However, monolingual Hadiya actually change the sound to [ba] in their speech | |
| PH ph | [p’a] | aphisee (hit it), ccoophaaroo’o (food – minsed meat/greens in butter & spices) | |
| Q q | [k’a] | qoxaraa (strong), ha’qaa (wood) | |
| R r | [ra] | hurbaata (food), woro’nee (in) | |
| S s | [sa] | lasagee (later), so’oo (barley) | |
| SH sh | [ʃa] | shokkiissoohanee (hot, burning), bashillaa (far) | |
| T t | [ta] | diinatee (money or cattle), matayanoo (being busy) | |
| TS ts | [s’a] | adapted for loan words such as ‘tsom’ (fasting) of Amharic | |
| U u | [u] | Uulla (earth or one’s plot/plat), hundam (all of it) | |
| V v | [va] | adapted for loan words such as ‘university’ of English | |
| W w | [wa] | weeraa (cedar tree), wo’oo (water) | |
| X x | [t’a] | wiximaa (seeding), iix (he) | |
| Y y | [ya] | iiyyimaa (carrying), malayyee (strength, force) | |
| Z z | [za] | zara (race or ethnic group) | |
| ZH zh | [ʒa] | adapted for loan words such as ‘gezhii’ (governor) of Amharic | |
| ’ (no allograph) | [ʔa] | ki’aakka’a (rising), liira’imito’oo (they rejoiced) |
| 1 | máto | |
| 2 | lámo | |
| 3 | sáso | |
| 4 | soóro | |
| 5 | ʔónto | |
| 6 | lóho | |
| 7 | lamára | |
| 8 | sadeénto | |
| 9 | hónso | |
| 10 | tómmo |
21: Tommá máto ("20 and 1")
35: Sómmo ʔónto ("30 and 5")
48: Soóre sadeénto ("40 and 8")
| 10 | tommoó | |
| 20 | tommá | |
| 30 | sómmo | |
| 40 | soóre | |
| 50 | ʔónta | |
| 60 | lóhonta | |
| 70 | lamárta | |
| 80 | sadeénta | |
| 90 | hónsájje | |
| 100 | ʃíha |
142: ʃíha sóore lámo ("100 and 40 and 2")