HIST2H2AA3 explained

Histone H2A type 2-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST2H2AA3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Function

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. This gene is one of four histone genes in the cluster that are duplicated; this record represents the centromeric copy.^[5]

Further reading

• Allen BS, Stein JL, Stein GS, Ostrer H . Single-copy flanking sequences in human histone gene clusters map to chromosomes 1 and 6 . Genomics . 10 . 2 . 486–8 . June 1991 . 2071153 . 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90337-E .
• Kaiser P, Mandl S, Schweiger M, Schneider R . Characterization of functionally independent domains in the human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH2 . FEBS Letters . 377 . 2 . 193–6 . December 1995 . 8543049 . 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01323-7 . free . 1995FEBSL.377..193K .
• Wang ZF, Tisovec R, Debry RW, Frey MR, Matera AG, Marzluff WF . Characterization of the 55-kb mouse histone gene cluster on chromosome 3 . Genome Research . 6 . 8 . 702–14 . August 1996 . 8858345 . 10.1101/gr.6.8.702 . free .
• Albig W, Doenecke D . The human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus . Human Genetics . 101 . 3 . 284–94 . December 1997 . 9439656 . 10.1007/s004390050630 . 38539096 .
• El Kharroubi A, Piras G, Zensen R, Martin MA . Transcriptional activation of the integrated chromatin-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 18 . 5 . 2535–44 . May 1998 . 9566873 . 110633 . 10.1128/mcb.18.5.2535 .
• Deng L, de la Fuente C, Fu P, Wang L, Donnelly R, Wade JD, Lambert P, Li H, Lee CG, Kashanchi F . Acetylation of HIV-1 Tat by CBP/P300 increases transcription of integrated HIV-1 genome and enhances binding to core histones . Virology . 277 . 2 . 278–95 . November 2000 . 11080476 . 10.1006/viro.2000.0593 . free .
• Nemergut ME, Mizzen CA, Stukenberg T, Allis CD, Macara IG . Chromatin docking and exchange activity enhancement of RCC1 by histones H2A and H2B . Science . 292 . 5521 . 1540–3 . May 2001 . 11375490 . 10.1126/science.292.5521.1540 . 2001Sci...292.1540N .
• Deng L, Wang D, de la Fuente C, Wang L, Li H, Lee CG, Donnelly R, Wade JD, Lambert P, Kashanchi F . Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA . Virology . 289 . 2 . 312–26 . October 2001 . 11689053 . 10.1006/viro.2001.1129 . free .
• Marzluff WF, Gongidi P, Woods KR, Jin J, Maltais LJ . The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes . Genomics . 80 . 5 . 487–98 . November 2002 . 12408966 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(02)96850-3 .
• Lusic M, Marcello A, Cereseto A, Giacca M . Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression by histone acetylation and factor recruitment at the LTR promoter . The EMBO Journal . 22 . 24 . 6550–61 . December 2003 . 14657027 . 291826 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg631 .
• Yusufzai TM, Tagami H, Nakatani Y, Felsenfeld G . CTCF tethers an insulator to subnuclear sites, suggesting shared insulator mechanisms across species . Molecular Cell . 13 . 2 . 291–8 . January 2004 . 14759373 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00029-2 . free .
• Zhang Y, Griffin K, Mondal N, Parvin JD . Phosphorylation of histone H2A inhibits transcription on chromatin templates . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 21 . 21866–72 . May 2004 . 15010469 . 10.1074/jbc.M400099200 . free .
• Aihara H, Nakagawa T, Yasui K, Ohta T, Hirose S, Dhomae N, Takio K, Kaneko M, Takeshima Y, Muramatsu M, Ito T . Nucleosomal histone kinase-1 phosphorylates H2A Thr 119 during mitosis in the early Drosophila embryo . Genes & Development . 18 . 8 . 877–88 . April 2004 . 15078818 . 395847 . 10.1101/gad.1184604 .
• Wang H, Wang L, Erdjument-Bromage H, Vidal M, Tempst P, Jones RS, Zhang Y . Role of histone H2A ubiquitination in Polycomb silencing . Nature . 431 . 7010 . 873–8 . October 2004 . 15386022 . 10.1038/nature02985 . 2004Natur.431..873W . 4344378 .

Notes and References

1. Marashi F, Prokopp K, Stein J, Stein G . Evidence for a human histone gene cluster containing H2B and H2A pseudogenes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 81 . 7 . 1936–40 . April 1984 . 6326092 . 345411 . 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1936 . 1984PNAS...81.1936M . free .
2. Mannironi C, Orr A, Hatch C, Pilch D, Ivanova V, Bonner W . The relative expression of human histone H2A genes is similar in different types of proliferating cells . DNA and Cell Biology . 13 . 2 . 161–70 . February 1994 . 8179821 . 10.1089/dna.1994.13.161 .
3. Braastad CD, Hovhannisyan H, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS . Functional characterization of a human histone gene cluster duplication . Gene . 342 . 1 . 35–40 . November 2004 . 15527963 . 10.1016/j.gene.2004.07.036 .
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: HIST2H2AA3 histone cluster 2, H2aa3.
5. Web site: Entrez Gene: HIST2H2AA3 histone cluster 2, H2aa3.