Guinobatan Explained

Guinobatan, officially the Municipality of Guinobatan (bcl|Banwaan kan Guinobatan; East Miraya Bikol: Banwa ning Guinobatan; tl|Bayan ng Guinobatan;ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ ᜄᜒᜈᜓᜊᜆᜈ᜔), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 85,786 people.

The town is the birthplace of General Simeón Ola, the last Filipino general to surrender to the Americans after the Philippine–American War.

History

Legend

In the research work "Guinobatan Through the Times," the following version of the legend is stated:

• In a region on Mayon's slopes lay a village. It was dotted with huts whose roofs were made of nipa, as well as with a number of stone houses. In the village was a church, and inside the belfry was a Golden Bell. So great was the bell that when rung, the sound could be heard from miles away. The sound could even reach the land of the Moros. The Moros, made curious by the sound of the bell, sent spies so that they would know what kind of bell was producing so loud and peculiar a sound. The spies were amazed and surprised to find out that the townspeople rang was made of pure gold. They went back to the land of the Moros eager to report their findings to their superiors. Motivated by greed, the Moros assembled a squad to plunder the bell. When they arrived at the village, they pillaged the community and torched houses. They attempted to force the people to tell them where the Golden Bell was. Their attempts failed. Many were still able to flee. The fleeing townsfolk knew where the bell was, and they hid the bell underneath the roots of trees. However, an old man was left in the village. As he was the only person left in the town; Moros tortured him so that he would tell the raiders where the Golden Bell was. The old man, however, did not know. Finding no use for the old man, the Moros killed him. They tried to pursue the townspeople, but they were too far away to be captured. Instead, they went to the woods in search of the Golden Bell. They uprooted every tree underneath which they believed the Golden Bell was hidden. Their efforts proved futile. Hence, with empty hands the Moros went back to their land, while the townspeople went back to the village to rebuild their lives, which had always been under threat from Moro pillagers and natural calamities; from bad harvests and oppressive encomienderos. The townspeople also kept the valued Golden Bell safe from anyone who tried to steal it. Seeing the uprooted trees, the townsfolk named their area “Guinobatan” meaning “a place where trees were uprooted.” So ends the legend.

Some versions also state that the town's name is derived from Ginabutan, meaning "a place where trees or plants were uprooted."^[1]

History under foreign rule

Luis Née, a botanist, reached Bicol in January 1792, accompanying the expedition of Capt. Alejandro Malaspina. Née explored towns near Mayon and including the area now known as Guinobatan. He noted that "trees grew in exuberance making the foothills impenetrable in many parts."^[2]

Dr. Leonilo R. Palacio of Guinobatan's Republic Colleges mentioned in an essay entitled "Guinobatan and its Church" that "in 1672, the Parish of Guinobatan was already mentioned in books as a visita of the Municipality of Camalig."^[3]

In 1890, the title of the gobernadorcillo was changed to Capitan Municipal. The Municipal Law of 1894 guaranteed that the term of the local executive would be extended from two years to four years. Also among the salient provisions of the law was the election of 12 vocales, equivalent to today's councilors. In 1895, the Colegio de San Buenaventura was also built, making Guinobatan the centre for higher education in Albay.

Cabezas and principales elected the gobernadorcillo until 1863. Until 1847, Guinobatan belonged to Camarines. During the said year, the towns of Quipia, Camalig and Donsol (now in Sorsogon) were ceded to Albay, in exchange for the towns of the Partido de Lagonoy. From 1730 to 1818, the town transferred from one place to another. In 1730, it was on a site now called Binanuahan. From there, it was the relocated to Bubulusan. During the eruption of 1814, citizens opted to evacuate to higher ground, in Mauraro.

American colonization

During the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War (1898-1911), most of the schoolhouses built by the Spaniards were destroyed by constant artillery fire, most of which came from the Americans. As part of the "pacification" campaign of the Americans, engineers and architects were sent to the Philippines to oversee the construction of public works. Engr. Edward K. Bourne and famed urban planner Daniel Burnham, among other American architects and engineers, were instructed to go to Manila. In response, the Philippine Commission passed Act No. 268 which created the Bureau of Architecture and Construction of Public Buildings. Mr. Bourne was appointed as its head. In 1907, the Philippine Assembly was formed. Angel Roco of Mauraro, Guinobatan represented Albay in the Assembly. The same year, Assemblyman Isauro Gabaldon of Nueva Ecija authored an act which appropriated 1 million between 1907 and 1915 for "construction of schoolhouses of strong materials in barrios with guaranteed daily attendance of not less than sixty pupils…" Passing into law as Act No. 1801, the act became known as the "Gabaldon Act". Among the salient provisions was that no school could receive more than 4,000 unless the municipality to which the school belonged contributed at least 50% of the total amount granted to the school by the Gabaldon Act. The Gabaldon Act stipulated that only on land owned by the municipality could schools be constructed. Fifty-one "Gabaldons" were completed by 1911, and by 1916, four hundred five more were constructed. Among those completed between 1911 and 1916 was Guinobatan Central School blg. 1 or the Guinobatan East Central School's Gabaldon Building.

Potenciano Gregorio's Bikol language musical composition "Sarung Banggi" premiered at the town fiesta in Guinobatan in August 1910.^[4]

Education

Presently, there are almost 45 Day Care Centers, 3 private pre-schools, 33 public elementary schools, 5 private elementary schools, 6 public high schools, 4 private high schools and 4 tertiary schools in the municipality.

Tertiary / Vocational / Technical Education

The municipality has four tertiary schools:

• The Colegio de San Buenaventura (1895-1900) it is located at the present site of St. Benedict's Academy, it is considered as the first tertiary institution in the Province of Albay. It first opened on January 7, 1895 with a population of 297 students and 14 instructors. During the Philippine-American war, Col. Ignacio Paua, set the instutition to ablaze due to the advancement of the American forces.
• The Bicol University Guinobatan Campus (BU Guinobatan) is located in Barangay Ilawod, Morera and Mauraro, it was first established as the Guinobatan Rural High School by Dr. Felipe Cevallos as its founder and held its first classes on June 3, 1912 . It was renamed as Guinobatan Agricultural School in 1927; Roxas Memorial Agricultural School in 1950; Bicol University College of Agriculture (BUCA) in 1969 through RA 5521 and now known as Bicol University College of Agriculture and Forestry (BUCAF) because of the offering of Bachelor of Science in Forestry which started in 1991, and in 2022 it was renamed as the Bicol University Guinobatan Campus.
• The Republic Colleges of Guinobatan, Inc. (RCGI) is a Non-sectarian institutions and is located at G. Alban st., Iraya, it was first established as the Republic Academy in 1947. It offers the following programs: MA in Education G.R. No. 74 s. 1979 – DCO, MA in Public Administration G.R. No. NA s. NA – NA, Bachelor in Elementary Education G.R. No. 165 s. 1970 – DCO, Bachelor in Secondary Education G.R. No. 194 s. 1966 – DCO, BS in Business Administration G.R. No. 195 s. 1966 – DCO, BS in Computer Science G.R. No. H-0008 s. 1996 - CRO
• The PLT Colleges of Guinobatan, Inc. (PLTC), which offers technical and vocational, and criminology courses. It is located at Barangay San Francisco, Guinobatan, Albay.
• The Guinobatan Community College (GComC), which will open in 2024, it will cater tertiary education to the underpriveledged and rural areas of the Municipalities of Guinobatan, Jovellar and Camalig, Albay.
• The TESDA - Provincial Training Center (TESDA-PTC-Guinobatan) is a vocational institution located at San Francisco, Guinobatan, Albay.

Secondary Education

Public High Schools

• Albay High School (1902) is a defunct institution, the American first opened the AHS at Guinobatan with a population of 52 students and 3 American Teachers, due to the cholera outbreak the institution shut down and was transferred to another municipality.
• The Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) is located at Maharlika Highway, San Francsco, Guinobatan, and started as Albay High School Guinobatan (AHSG) in September, 1945 through the initiatives of Hon. Marcial O. Rañola, and Mayor Carlos Pardo. Mr. Jose Ramirez was the inaugural holder of school principal with 12 teachers for the 400 pioneer students. In 1948, the P.T.A. with Mr. Lorenzo Oliver, President purchased the 8 hectare lot which is the present site. In 1954, Hon. Pio Duran espoused the construction of the pre-fabricated buildings under Mr. Pacifico Y. Garcia, Principal. A.H.S.G. became an ICA-NEC pilot school and recipient of equipment, tools and appliances for Science and Technology subjects in 1959. In 1963, the school was nationalized by R.A. No. 3161 sponsored by Hon. Josefina Belmonte–Duran R.A. 3723 was also passed by her naming the school Pio Duran Memorial School in honor of the late Hon. Pio Duran, her predecessor in Congress and school benefactor. On June 17, 1967, R.A. No. 5055 sponsored by Hon. Belmonte-Duran named the school Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School to commemorate the precursor of this institution.
• Masarawag National High School
• Malipo National High School
• Lower Binogsacan National High School
• Mauraro High School
• Bat-Bat National High School
• Balite High School – Proposed new High School

Private High Schools

• St. Benedict’s Academy came into existence on May 22, 1958, through the combined efforts of Rt. Msgr. Demetrio Valeza and a few militant ladies of the Catholic Women's League, Guinobatan Unit who were bent on having a Catholic school in the town for the cultural and moral upliftment of the youth. The Benedictine Sisters were requested to administer the school. On June 1, 1958, the new school was blessed by Bishop Ariola of Legazpi. Classes began the next day. After two weeks, there were 25 little boys and girls in Kindergarten and 36 girls in the first year high school. Such were the auspicious beginnings of SBA. When the burgeoning school population could no longer be accommodated in two-room cabin, a modern concrete building was built in 1961. In that same year the High School Department began to include boys. In 1972, the foundation of two-story building for Elementary School was laid. Improvements were undertaken as the school continued to grow.
• Republic Colleges of Guinobatan, Inc at G. Alban st. Iraya
• Fide Christian Academy at Rizal st. Iraya
• PLT Colleges of Guinobatan, Inc – SHS at Barangay San Francisco

Primary Education

Public Elementary Schools

• Guinobatan East Central School at Gen. Antonio Luna st., Iraya. It is the flagship school of the Guinobatan East District that was established in 1914. Its satellite schools are the following:
• Headed by: PSDS Ma. Theresa Nasayao
• Bat-Bat Elementary School
• Bololo Elementary School
• Bubulusan Elementary School
• Catomag Elementary School
• Don Juan Garcia Elementary School
• Dr. Felipe Cevallos Elementary School
• Inascan Elementary School
• Maipon Elementary School
• Malabnig Elementary School
• Manases Olaybal Memorial Elementary School
• Maninila Elementary School
• Masarawag Elementary School
• Muladbucad Elementary School
• Muladbucad Grande Elementary School
• Rebagay Foundation Elementary School
• San Jose Elementary School
• Travesia Elementary School

• Guinobatan West Central School at M.H. Del Pilar st. Barangay Calzada. It is the flagship school of the Guinobatan West District. Its satellite schools are the following:
• Headed by: PSDS Edgar Orellana
• Balite Elementary School
• Binogsacan Elementary School
• Cabaloaon Elementary School
• Doña Elena Mitre Garcia Elementary School
• Doña Irene Elementary School
• Doña Mercedes Elementary School
• Libas Elementary School
• Lomacao Elementary School
• Malipo Elementary School
• Malobago Elementary School
• Mapaco Elementary School
• Mauraro Elementary School
• Morera Elementary School
• Ongo Elementary School
• Palanas Elementary School
• Pood Elementary School

Private Elementary and Pre Schools

• St. Benedict’s Academy at Barangay Poblacion
• Fide Christian Academy at Barangay Iraya
• Rich Minds Basic Center (RMBC), Inc. at Barangay San Francisco
• Teofila O. Baylen Memorial Adventist Multigrade School at Barangay Calzada
• Rainbow Kids School, Inc at Barangay San Francisco
• Al-Madrasah Academy at Barangay Inamnan Grande

Government

Elected officials

2022–2025 Guinobatan Municipal Officials

Position	Name	Party
Mayor	Paul N. Garcia
Vice Mayor	Ann Y. Ongjoco
Councilors	Kathleen Mae O. Padua
	Julio S. Tingzon, IV
	Primo M. Pintor
	Mary Ann G. Amano
	Marelen G. Flores
	Robert M. Bañaga
	Ricky S. Matza
	Rolando P. Palabrica
Ex Officio Municipal Council Members
ABC President	Reynaldo Namia (San Francisco)
SK Federation President	Keith John M. Pacardo (Inamnan Grande)

Legend

1. A indicates that the official is elected for the first term

1. A indicates that the official is re-elected to a higher position

1. A indicates that the official is re-elected to the same position

Past Municipal Administrators

Inclusive years! scope="col"

Gobernadorcillo
1731	Don Lucas Timog
1732	Don Alonzo Lamberan
1733	Don Lazaro Dayaon
1734	Don Juan Baog
1735	Don Tomas Liniog
1736	Don Francisco Latumbo
1737	Don Andres Andog
1738	Don Bernardo Tarog
1739	Don Francisco Sabogan
1740	Don Santiago Macandog
1741	Don Geronimo Paglinisan
1742	Don Antonio Dignalan
1743	Don Alonzo Fernandez
1744	Don Agustin Cepeda
1745	Don Melchor Blanco
1746	Don Remigio Pimentel
1747	Don Francisco Aroyo
1748	Don Miguel Trilianco
1749	Don Diego Albares
1750	Don Alejandro Perez
1751	Don Juan Bautista
1752	Don Diego Perez
1753	Don Jose Oustria
1754	Don Alonzo Oco
1755	Don Francisco Javier
1756	Don Manuel Andrada
1757	Don Agustin Macasamno
1758	Don Antonio Oco
1759	Don Francisco Antones Caledat
1760	Don Melchor Perez
1761	Don Juan de Miranda
1762	Don Manuel Andrada
1763	Don Pacual Guillermo
1764	Don Diego de S. Vicente
1765	Don Pedro Alcantara
1766	Don Melchor Perez
1767-1768	Don Diego de S. Vicente
1769	Don Nicolas Perez
1770	Don Andres de los Angeles
1771	Don Alejandro Luis de Sta. Ana
1772	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1773	Don Baltasar de los Reyes
1774	Don Pedro Torres de Miranda
1775-1776	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1777	Don Pascual Leonardo
1778	Don Andres de los Reyes
1779	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1780	Don Jose Natividad
1781	Don Alonso Guillermo
1782	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1783	Don Juan Lazaro
1784	Don Juan de los Reyes
1785	Don Francisco Tomas
1786	Don Alonso Crisanto
1787	Don Jose Alejandrino
1788	Don Pascual Leonardo
1789	Don Alonso de los Reyes
1790	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1791	Don Franco Antonio Mataraguis
1792	Don Francisco Evaristo
1793	Don Gaspar de los Reyes
1794	Don Jose Alejandrino
1795	Don Antonio Rafael Sta. Ana
1796	Don Alonso de los Reyes
1797	Don Franco Ignacio Budling
1798	Don Francisco Evaristo
1799	Don Juan Pascual S. Agustin
1800	Don Francisco Felix
1801	Don Felipe Rodriguez
1802	Don Juan Bautista
1803	Don Santiago de Villafuerte
1804	Don Pascual Leonardo
1805	Don Pedro Ignacio Seping
1806	Don Franco Irisaro Valentin
1807	Don Juan Reynaldo
1808	Don Juan de S. Vicente
1809	Don Juan de S. Buenaventura
1810	Don Domingo de Guzman
1811	Don Jose Perez
1812	Don Antonio Rafael Sta. Ana
1813	Don Domingo Rodrigo
1814	Don Manuel Fernando
1815	Don Antonio Rafael Sta. Ana
1816	Don Juan de S. Antonio
1817	Don Miguel Geronimo
1818	Don Jose Alejandrino
1819	Don Miguel Geronimo
1820	Don Pedro Miguel S. Vicente
1821	Don Marcos Sta. Ana
1822	Don Alonso Casimiro
1823	Don Ignacio Silas
1824	Don Pedro de los Santos
1825	Don Pedro Miguel S. Vicente
1826	Don Jose Bernardo
1827	Don Francisco Valenzuela
1828	Don Lazaro de los Reyes
1829	Don Marcos Sta. Ana
1830	Don Lazaro de la Cruz
1831	Don Domingo del Espiritu Sto.
1832	Don Antonio de los Reyes
1833	Don Marcos Sta. Ana
1834	Don Pedro Villafuerte
1835	Don Nicolas Gonzales
1836	Don Julian Mariano
1837	Don Julian Remigio
1838	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1839	Don Pedro Javier
1840	Don Francisco N. Palacio
1841	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1842	Don Jose Perez
1843	Don Pascual de los Reyes
1844	Don Gregorio de los Reyes
1845	Don Antonio L. Divinagracia
1846	Don Francisco Langcauon
1847	Don Francisco Javier
1848	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1849	Don Antonio Lazaro
1850	Don Tomas Olaguer
1851	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1852	Don Salvador Mallorca
1853	Don Gil O. Fernandez
1854	Don Francsico M. Peñaflor
1855	Don Salvador Mallorca
1856	Don Vicente Orbeta
1857	Don Andres Obed
1858	Don Tomas Olaguer
1859	Don Antonio L. Divinagracia
1860	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1861	Don Francisco N. Palacio
1862	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1863-1864	Don Mariano Marcayda
1865-1866	Don Francisco M. Peñaflor
1867-1868	Don Mariano Ope
1869-1870	Don Alfonso Matienzo
1871-1872	Don Gregorio de Leon
1873-1874	Don Dionisio Olmedillo
1875-1876	Dr. Julian O. Oyales
1877-1880	Don Jose Offemaria
1881-1882	Don Cirilo Y. Jaucian, Sr.
1883-1884	Dr. Julian O. Oyales
1885-1886	Don Cirilo Y. Jaucian, Sr.
1887-1888	Dr. Julian O. Oyales
1889-1890	Don Eugenio Otivar
1891-1893	Don Jose Arboleda
1894-1895	Don Eugenio Otivar
1896-1898	Don Cirilo Y. Jaucian, Sr.

Inclusive years! scope="col"

Municipal president	Municipal vice-president
1898-1900	Francisco Lukban	Eustaquio Villanueva

Inclusive years! scope="col"

Municipal president	Municipal vice-president
1900–1901	Sr. Eugenio Pardiñas
1901–August 31, 1903	Don Cirilo Y. Jaucian, Sr.
September 1, 1903 – July 19, 1904	Don Eligio Arboleda	Don Epifanio S. Orozco
July 20, 1904 – 1905	Don Epifacio S. Orozco
1906-1907	Don Cirilo Y. Jaucian, Sr
1908–1909	Don Epifanio S. Orozco
1910–1912	Don Simeon A. Ola
1913-1916	Don Agapito B. Paulate
1917-1919	Don Simeon A. Ola
1920-1922	Don Juan Lorica	Don Santiago Diaz
1923-1928	Don Justiniano de los Reyes	Dr. Damaso R. Labanan
1929	Don Fructuoso Rañola	Don Deogracias O. Paulate
1930-1931	Don Deogracias O. Paulate
1935-1937	Don Canuto R. Razal	Don Alejandro Oliva
1938-1941	Engr. Julian O. Ofrasio	Don Canuto R. Razal
1941	Carlos Pardo

Inclusive years! scope="col"

Municipal Mayor
1941-1942	Cpt. Brigido Sison
1942-April 30, 1944	Sergio O. Palencia, Sr.
May 1, 1944 – August 15, 1945	Dionisio Q. Roa

Post-War Period (1947-date)

Inclusive years	Municipal Mayor	Municipal Vice Mayor	SK Federation President	ABC President	Remarks
September 29, 1945 – June 14, 1946	Carlos Pardo	Gregorio Alban Eligio Osia			Acting Mayor, Appointed by Pres. Sergio Osmeña
June 14, 1946 – September 9, 1947	Dr. Tirzo O. de los Reyes, Sr.	Eligio Osia Rafael Olmos			Appointed by Pres. Manuel Roxas
September 9, 1947 – December 31, 1947	Eligio Osia	Rafael Olmos			Appointed by Pres. Manuel Roxas
January 1, 1948 – 1957	Dr. Tirzo O. de los Reyes, Sr.	Martin O. Garcia Jose B. Garcia			Resigned in 1957
1957-1963	Jose B. Garcia	Dr. Tirzo O. de los Reyes, Sr. Antonio Papa
1964-1967	Atty. Jose P. Oira	Nestorio O. Olaguer
1968-1986	Jose B. Garcia	Nestorio O. Olaguer Felipe Duran Emeliano M. Ongjoco, MD
1986–1987	Juan Miguel M. Garcia, II	Floria R. Tuason			Appointed Mayor by Pres. Corazon Aquino
1987–1988	Juan G. Rivera	Floria R. Tuason			Appointed Mayor by Pres. Corazon Aquino
1988–1998	Juan Miguel M. Garcia, II	Floria M. Tuason Ruben P. Olavario	Amiel Ian P. Opeña Christopher O. Palevino
1998–2001	Juan G. Rivera	Jesus S. Remendado, Jr., DMD	Christopher O. Palevino
2001–2004	Christopher Dy-Llaco Flores	Wilfredo O. Arevalo, Sr.	Sammy N. Pales Jane R. Arevalo
2004-2013	Juan Miguel M. Garcia, II	Atty. Generoso Alejo R. Villareal Wilfredo O. Arevalo, Sr.	Gloren Naparato Jane R. Arevalo John Rey G. Namia Patrick Polly C. Pintor	Noel T. Calanza Jose M. Padilla Paul N. Garcia
2013–2022	Ann Y. Ongjoco	Julio S. Tingzon, IV Rolando P. Palabrica	No SK Matthew O. Orpiada	Jose M. Padilla Remedios R. Mar	Gemma Y. Ongjoco was the first female municipal mayor and eight in Albay (next to Cherilie Mella Sampal of Polangui, Agnes P. Dycoco of Libon, Cielo Krisel L. Luistro of Tabaco City, Magdalena Lim & Linda P. Gonzales of Ligao City, Imelda C. Roces and Carmen Geraldine B. Rosal of Legazpi City)

Geography

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of constituting of the 2575.77adj=mid2adj=mid total area of Albay.

The town of Guinobatan is located at . The territory of Guinobatan is bordered by a number of municipalities: Camalig on the east, Jovellar on the south, Pio Duran on the south-west, Ligao on the north-west. On the north-east, the town shares with Malilipot, Santo Domingo, Daraga, Tabaco and Legazpi, a common point in the crater of Mayon Volcano.^[5] Guinobatan is from Legazpi City and from Manila.

Barangays

Guinobatan is politically subdivided into 44 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Climate

Demographics

In the 2020 census, Guinobatan had a population of 85,786. The population density was NaN85,786/244.43.

Culture

Guinobatan hosts an annual festival in the celebration of Our Lady of Assumption, its patron saint. Until 2013, the town festival was called "Arandurugan Festival." In August 2013, Guinobatan celebrated Longganisa Festival, named after the local product which is listed under the Department of Trade and Industry's "One Town, One Product" program.

Notable Personalities

• Francis Tolentino, former MMDA Chairmanship
• Elizabeth Oropesa, an Actress
• Mura, an actor and Comedian
• Simeon Ola, considered as the Last General to Surrender
• Marcial O. Rañola, former representative of the 3rd District of Albay
• Pio S. Duran, former representative of the 3rd District of Albay
• Dr. Felipe Cevallos, founder of the Guinobatan Rural High School
• Ramon Paje, 19th DENR Secretary
• Arpie Patriarca, singer, comedian and founder of Feed Hungry Minds.

External links

• [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

Notes and References

1. Municipality of Guinobatan. 1996. Arandurugan Festival Souvenir Program: Guinobatan, Albay
2. Mallari, Francisco, S.J. 1999. Vignettes of Bicol History. Quezon City: New DayPublishers
3. Dy and Tuson. 2012. Guinobatan Through the Times. Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School
4. News: Tariman. Pablo. Bicolandia's Sarung Banggi: From music to film. February 5, 2019. The Philippine Star. Philstar Global Corp.. June 3, 2013.
5. Dy and Tuson, 2012. Guinobatan Through the Times: Essays on Our Heritage. Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School