| Greater Metropolitan Area | |
| Native Name: | Gran Área Metropolitana |
| Native Name Lang: | es |
| Map Alt: | Map of San José Metropolitan Area |
| Settlement Type: | Conurbation |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Costa Rica |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province(s) |
| Subdivision Name1: | San José Alajuela Cartago Heredia |
| Coordinates: | 9.933°N -84.083°W |
| Area Total Km2: | 2044 |
| Elevation M: | 1100 |
| Population As Of: | 2019 |
| Population Total: | 3160000 |
| Utc Offset1: | -6 |
The Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (es|Gran Área Metropolitana, GAM) is the largest urban agglomeration in the country, comprising areas of high population density surrounding the capital, San José, which geographically corresponds to the Central Valley and extended to include the Guarco Valley, where some of the cantons of the Cartago province are located.
The proper definition and delimitation corresponds to the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica (INEC) and could vary over time. According to the 2011 census,[1] [2] the GAM had a population of 3.1 million inhabitants (about 60% of Costa Rica's population) in an area of 2,044 km² (3.84% of the country's area).
Since colonial times, Costa Rica's Central Valley has housed a significant share of the population in less than a tenth of the country's total area. On this plateau lies three of the seven provincial seats, including the capital, San José. Throughout the years, a strong immigration stream spurred by the uneven economic opportunities and a growing job demand helped to expand these urban cores and to develop new residential areas in former agricultural lands.
The Greater Metropolitan Area has an area of 1779km2 composed of the Central Valley and Guarco Valley, partially covering the four provinces of San José, Alajuela, Cartago, and Heredia, and the following cantons (some partially by including only some of their districts):[3]