| Conventional Long Name: | Governorate of Cuba |
| Empire: | Spain |
| Religion: | Roman Catholicism |
| Era: | Spanish Empire |
| Year Start: | 1511 |
| Year End: | 1607 |
| Event End: | Elevated into a Captaincy General |
| S1: | Captaincy General of Cuba |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg |
| Flag Alt: | Banner of Castille under the Habsburgs |
| Image Map Caption: | Islands and Mainland in the Ocean Sea at 1513 |
| Capital: | Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Baracoa |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Title Leader: | List of Castilian monarchs |
| Leader1: | Joanna of Castile, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Representative1: | Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar |
| Official Languages: | Spanish |
Since the 16th century the island of Cuba had been under the control of the governor-captain general of Santo Domingo. The conquest of Cuba was organized in 1510 by the recently restored Viceroy of the Indies, Diego Colón, under the command of Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, who became Cuba's first governor until his death in 1524.
Velázquez founded the city of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Baracoa in 1511 and convoked a general cabildo (a local government council) to govern Cuba, which was authorized by the king of Spain.
Cuba was elevated into the Captaincy General of Cuba in 1607.