Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies explained

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Native Name:Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement
Native Name Lang:fr
Established:1927[1]
Type:Semi-private, semi-public graduate school[2]
Faculty:153[3]
Enrollment:1,092 (86% international)[4]
Former Names:The Graduate Institute of International Studies (1927–2007)
Nickname:The Graduate Institute
Geneva Graduate Institute
IHEID
HEI
Free Label:Working languages
Coor:46.2219°N 6.1511°W

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (fr|Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement, abbreviated IHEID), also known as Geneva Graduate Institute, is a graduate-level research university in Geneva, Switzerland dedicated to the study of international affairs, with a particular emphasis on the cross-cutting fields of international relations and development issues.[5] [6] [7] [8]

The Geneva Graduate Institute's alumni include one secretary-general, seven assistant secretaries-general, and three under-secretaries-general of the United Nations. Alumni have also held prominent positions such as director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Labour Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Additionally, graduates have served as commissioner-general of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency and of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.[9] Founded by two senior League of Nations officials, the Geneva Graduate Institute maintains strong links with that international organisation's successor, the United Nations,[10] and many alumni have gone on to work at UN agencies.

Overview

Founded in 1927, the Geneva Graduate Institute is the world's first graduate school dedicated solely to the study of international affairs.[11] [12] It offered one of the first doctoral programmes in international relations in the world.

Today the school enrolls close to a thousand postgraduate students from over 100 countries. Foreign students make up nearly 90% of the student body and the school is officially a bilingual English-French institution, although the majority of classes are in English.[13]

With Maison de la Paix acting as its primary seat of learning, the Institute's campuses are located blocks from the United Nations Office at Geneva, International Labour Organization, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Intellectual Property Organization and many other international organisations.[14] [15]

The school runs joint degree programmes with universities such as Smith College and Yale University, and is Harvard Kennedy School's only partner institution to co-deliver double degrees.[16]

It is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, a group of schools that specialize in public policy, public administration, and international affairs.[17]

History

Founding and early years

The Graduate Institute of International Studies was co-founded in 1927 by two scholar-diplomats working for the League of Nations Geneva secretariat: the Swiss William Rappard, director of the Mandates Section, and the Frenchman Paul Mantoux, director of the Political Section.[18] [19] [20] Initial funding was provided by the U.S.-based Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, which later merged with the Rockefeller Foundation, along with matching contributions from the Swiss government and Canton of Geneva.[21] The school was affiliated to the University of Geneva, though independent in its program of studies and personnel.[22] Funding from American philanthropic organizations, primarily the Rockefeller Foundation as part of its initiative to promote a scientific approach to international relations, continued until 1954.[23]

At the time, the Geneva Graduate Institute was "among the most important centres of scholarship" in international relations alongside other schools, mostly located in Europe, that included the Institute of Higher International Studies in Paris, the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (or German Academy for Politics) in Berlin, the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna, and the Walsh School of Foreign Service in the United States.

The Geneva Graduate Institute's original mandate was based on a close working relationship with both the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization. It was agreed that in exchange for training staff and delegates, the school would receive intellectual resources and diplomatic expertise (guest lecturers, etc.) from the aforementioned organisations. According to its statutes, the Geneva Graduate Institute was "an institution intended to provide students of all nations the means of undertaking and pursuing international studies, most notably of a historic, judicial, economic, political and social nature."

To fulfill its mission, the Geneva Graduate Institute developed starting in 1924 a system of summer cours temporaires (temporary courses), known as the Geneva Institute of International Relations, with financial support by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[24] The courses were given by guest lecturers on a weekly, semester, or yearly basis.[25] [26] They attracted scholars like Raymond Aron, René Cassin, Luigi Einaudi, John Kenneth Galbraith, G. P. Gooch, Gottfried Haberler, Friedrich von Hayek, Hersch Lauterpacht, Lord McNair, Gunnar Myrdal,[27] Harold Nicolson, Philip Noel Baker, Pierre Renouvin, Lionel Robbins, Jean-Rodolphe de Salis, Harold Laski, Eric Voegelin, Carlo Sforza, Jacob Viner, Quincy Wright and Martin Wight.[28]

A different initiative, the Geneva School of International Studies, also offered summer programs at the Geneva Graduate Institute starting in the mid-1920s. These schools were run by Oxford University international relations professor Alfred Zimmern, who also sat on the Committee of the Geneva Graduate Institute, and were funded by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and several other wealthy American donors.[29] They would be attended by hundreds of students yearly and were particularly popular with American students.[30] [31] [32] [33] The "Geneva Schools" or "Zimmern Schools," as they became known, were taught by leading scholars like Louis Eisenmann, Ernst Jäckh, Paul Mantoux, and Arnold J. Toynbee alongside a variety of "public men" such as Edvard Beneš, Lord David Cecil, Paul Hymans, Fridtjof Nansen, and Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter.[34] The last Geneva School was held in 1939.[35]

World War II

The Geneva Graduate Institute had become known in the 1930s as a stronghold of neoliberal scholarship.[32] [36] [37] [38] As a result, it managed to attract during World War II a number of faculty and lecturers from countries with Nazi regimes, e.g., and Georges Scelle for law, Maurice Bourquin for diplomatic history, and Swiss jurist Paul Guggenheim. Subsequently, more scholars would join the institute's faculty. Hans Kelsen, theorist and philosopher of law, Guglielmo Ferrero, Italian historian, and Carl Burckhardt, scholar and diplomat were employed at the Geneva Graduate Institute. Other arrivals included Ludwig von Mises, and another economist, Wilhelm Ropke.[39]

Expansion

With the Rockefeller Foundation ending its funding in 1954, the Canton of Geneva and the Swiss government began to bear most of the costs associated with the school. This transfer of financial responsibility coincided with the arrival of Rappard's successor as the school's director, historian Jacques Freymond in 1955. Freymond inaugurated a period of great expansion, increasing the range of subjects taught and the number of both students and faculty. Under his tenure, the Geneva Graduate Institute hosted many international colloquia that discussed preconditions for East–West negotiations, relations with China and its rising influence in world affairs, European integration, techniques and results of politico-socioeconomic forecasting (the famous early Club of Rome reports, and the Futuribles project led by Bertrand de Jouvenel), the causes and possible antidotes to terrorism, Pugwash Conference concerns and much more. Freymond's term also saw many landmark publications, including the Treatise on international law by Paul Guggenheim and the six-volume compilation of historical documents relating to the Communist International.[40] Nevertheless, the Geneva Graduate Institute remained small during that period. Before the 1980s, the faculty never exceeded 25 members.

Merger, renaming and separation from the University of Geneva

In 2008, the Graduate Institute of International Studies absorbed the Graduate Institute of Development Studies (abbreviated IUED), a smaller postgraduate institution also based in Geneva and founded in 1961. To reflect its new and broader mission, the school was renamed Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.[41] In 2009, its previous affiliation with the University of Geneva ended when the Swiss government accredited it as a university independently, rather than through the University of Geneva.[42] [43]

The history of the Graduate Institute of Development Studies also involves Jacques Freymond, who founded the institution in 1961 as the Centre genevois pour la formation des cadres africains, later renamed Institut Africain de Genève, or African Institute of Geneva.[44] It was among the pioneer institutions in Europe to develop the scholarly field of sustainable development. The school was also known for the critical view of many of its professors on development aid, as well as for its journal, the Cahiers de l'IUED.[45]

Academics

The Geneva Graduate Institute has nearly 1,100 students. Of these, about a third are PhD students, and two thirds are master's students. Fourteen percent come from Switzerland. The remainder come from more than 100 other countries. Around 63 percent are women.[46]

Departments

The Geneva Graduate Institute maintains five academic departments each headed by a faculty chair. They are the departments of international law; international relations & political science; international history & politics; international economics; and anthropology and sociology.[47]

Academic programmes

The Geneva Graduate Institute offers six master programmes, four executive master programmes, and five PhD programmes. They include:

Admission

Admission to the Geneva Graduate Institute's study programmes is highly competitive, with only 14% of applicants attending the school in 2014.[50] The Institute only offers master- and PhD-level programmes.[51]

Research centres

The Geneva Graduate Institute is home to twelve research centers.[52] They include the Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy, the Centre for Finance and Development, the Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding, the Hoffmann Centre for Global Sustainability, and the Small Arms Survey.

Joint institutes

The Geneva Graduate Institute runs three specialized schools jointly with the University of Geneva. They are Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, the Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies and the Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement.[53]

Ranking

As a small institution offering exclusively graduate programmes, the Geneva Graduate Institute does not participate in university rankings of generalist universities.[54] However, It has been ranked by a handful of rankings for specialized universities.

In Foreign Policy's 2024 Inside the Ivory Tower ranking of best international relations schools wordlwide, both U.S. international relations faculty and U.S. think tank staffers ranked the Geneva Graduate Institute's master's programs 20th. In Europe, the master's programs of the London School of Economics and Political Science and Sciences Po also ranked in the master's top 20. Meanwhile, the PhD programs for policymakers ranked 20th worldwide when assessed by U.S. international relations faculty, 23th when ranked by U.S. policymakers, and 26th when ranked by U.S. think tank staffers. The other Europe-based PhD programs for policymakers listed in the top 20 by U.S. international relations faculty were at the University of Oxford, the London School of Economics and Political Science, the University of Cambridge, and Sciences Po.[55]

In 2012, The Geneva Graduate Institute was listed among the Foreign Policy Association's "Top 50 International Affairs Graduate Programs."[56]

The LL.M. in international dispute settlement, offered jointly with the University of Geneva by the Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement, was ranked 2nd worldwide according to a 2012 survey of law firms conducted by the Global Arbitration Review.[57] This same LL.M. also consistently featured in the top 10 LL.M. for alternative dispute resolution by the specialised website LL.M.-guide.[58] [59] The Graduate Institute's LL.M. in international law also featured in the top 10 LL.M. for public international law compiled by LLM-guide.[60] The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights' LL.M. in international humanitarian law and human rights—a joint programme between the Geneva Graduate Institute and the University of Geneva—also featured in LLM-guide's top 10 LL.M. programmes for human rights law.[61]

Campus

The Campus de la paix is a network of buildings extending from Place des Nations (the United Nations Headquarters in Geneva) to the shores of Lake Geneva, spanning two public parks – Parc Barton and Parc Moynier.[62]

Maison de la paix

The Graduate Institute's main campus is the Maison de la paix (literally "House of Peace"), which opened in 2013.[63] The Maison de la Paix is a 38,000 meter-square glass building distributed into six connected sections. It contains the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Library, which holds 350,000 books about social sciences, journals and annual publications, making it one of Europe's richest libraries in the fields of development and international relations. It is named after two Institute alumni—Ambassador Shelby Cullom Davis and his wife Kathryn Davis, following the Davis' $10 million donation to the institute.[64]

In addition to serving as the institute's main campus, the Maison de la paix also houses policy centres and advocacy groups with close ties to the Institute such as the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, Interpeace, the International Institute of Humanitarian Law and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.

Historic villas

Another section of the campus are two historic villas situated by Lake Geneva, Villa Barton and Villa Moynier. Villa Barton served as the institute's main campus from 1937 to 2007.[65] It now mostly houses administrative staff. Adjacent to Villa Barton, the World Trade Organization's headquarters, known as the Centre William Rappard, housed the Geneva Graduate Institute's library during that period.[66]

Villa Moynier, since 2009, houses the Institute-based Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement. The building holds a symbolic significance as it was originally owned by Gustave Moynier, co-founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and subsequently used by the League of Nations and as the headquarters of the ICRC between 1933 and 1946.[67]

At the time of the Geneva Graduate Institute's founding in the early 20th century, the school was briefly housed in an hôtel particulier, located at Promenade du Pin 5, that now houses the .[68]

Student housing

The Geneva Graduate Institute owns and operates two halls of residence in Geneva. The Edgar and Danièle de Picciotto Student Residence neighbors the main campus, Maison de la Paix. It was completed in 2012 and provides 135 apartments for students and visiting professors. The Grand Morillon Student Residence opened to students in 2021 and accommodates 680 residents. It was designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma.[69] [70]

Publications

International relations

Partnerships

The Graduate Institute has exchange partnerships with the following institutions internationally:[74]

Networks

The Graduate Institute is an active member of the following associations and academic networks:

academic institutions specialising in international relations and international public policy are represented among APSIA's thirty-odd members.[75]

Represents and supports more than 850 institutions of higher education in 46 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and exchange of information on higher education and research policies.[76]

Created at the initiative of the University of Oxford, the Europaeum is composed of ten leading European institutions of higher education and research.[77]

The ECPR is an independent scholarly association that supports the training, research and cross-national cooperation of many thousands of academics and graduate students specialising in political science and all its sub-disciplines.[78]

The EADI is the largest existing network of research and training institutes active in the field of development studies.[79]

The AUF supports the build-up a French-language research area between French-speaking universities. The institute is one of 536 members belonging to the AUF and takes part in its exchange programmes in the fields of teaching and research.[80]

The SUC is a governmental organisation tasked with accrediting officially recognized Swiss universities.[81]

Academic awards and prizes conferred

The Paul Guggenheim Prize in International Law was created in 1979 and is awarded to young practitioners of international law on a biannual basis.[82] [83] The Edgar de Picciotto International Prize is awarded every two years and worth 100,000 Swiss Francs. It rewards an internationally renowned academic whose research has contributed to enhancing the understanding of global challenges and whose work has influenced policy-makers.[84]

Public lectures

The Geneva Graduate Institute organizes public lecture events. Recent guest speakers have included U.N. Secretary-Generals Antonio Guterres and Ban Ki-moon, U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein, the Dalai Lama, former Liberia president Johnson Sirleaf, Nobel laureate Dmitry Muratov, Microsoft president Brad Smith, Columbia University professor Jeffrey Sachs, and Harvard University professor Michael Sandel.[85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94]

People

Some notable alumni

See main article: List of alumni of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. The Graduate Institute has more than 24,000 alumni working around the world. Notable alumni and faculty include one UN Secretary-General (Kofi Annan), seven Nobel Prize recipients, one Pulitzer Prize winner, and numerous ambassadors, foreign ministers, and heads of state.[95]

Nobel laureates

Heads of state and government

United Nations and international organisations

Faculty

Former faculty

Current faculty

Source:[116]

Organisation

Leadership

The founding directors of the Graduate Institute of International Studies were Paul Mantoux (1927-1951) and William Rappard (1928-1955). The school was then headed by Jacques Freymond (1955-1978), Christian Dominicé (1978-1984), Lucius Caflisch (1984-1990), Alexandre Swoboda (1990-1998), Peter Tschopp (de) (1998-2002), Jean-Michel Jacquet (2002-2004) and Philippe Burrin (2004-2020). Its current director is Marie-Laure Salles.[117]

Legal status

The Graduate Institute is constituted as a Swiss private law foundation, Fondation pour les hautes études internationales et du développement, sharing a convention with the University of Geneva.[118] This is a particular organisational form, because the Graduate Institute is constituted as a foundation of private law fulfilling a public purpose. In addition, the political responsibility for the Institute shared between the Swiss Confederation and the canton of Geneva. Usually in Switzerland, it is the responsibility of the cantons to run public universities, except for the Federal Institutes of Technology (ETHZ and EPFL). The Graduate Institute is therefore something like a hybrid institution, in-between the two standard categories.[119]

Foundation Board

The Foundation Board is the administrative body of the Institute. It assembles academics, politicians, people of public life and practitioners. Its members have included Carlos Lopes (ex-U.N. under secretary general), Julia Marton-Lefèvre (former director general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and Jacques Marcovitch.[120]

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Mission Statement . Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies . 27 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130826073350/http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/users/admin/public/central_dep/IHEID_mission_statement_EN.pdf . 26 August 2013.
  2. Web site: Our governance IHEID . 2024-11-19 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  3. Web site: Who We Are. Geneva Graduate Institute.
  4. Web site: The Geneva Graduate Institute's 2023 Annual Report IHEID . 2024-07-10 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  5. https://www.geneve-int.ch/graduate-institute-international-and-development-studies-iheid-0
  6. https://www.greenpolicyplatform.org/organization/graduate-institute-international-and-development-studies-iheid
  7. Web site: Accredited Swiss Higher Education Institutions - swissuniversities . 2024-11-18 . www.swissuniversities.ch.
  8. Web site: Our governance IHEID . 2024-02-02 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  9. Web site: Academic Departments. graduateinstitute.ch. 21 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140330230538/http://graduateinstitute.ch/home/study/academicdepartments.html. 30 March 2014. dead.
  10. Web site: United Nations Office at Geneva and The Graduate Institute's Global Governance Centre Resume International Geneva Luncheons IHEID . 2023-08-09 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  11. Book: Diplomacy, The Only Legitimate Way of Conducting International Relations. 9781446697061. 14 May 2018. Mohammad Younus Fahim . Lulu.com .
  12. American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 . UCL (University College London) . October 2009 . Doctoral . Katharina Elisabeth . Rietzler.
  13. Web site: 2018 Rapport d'activité (2018 Activity Report) . Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies . 25 June 2019.
  14. Web site: The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies – Geneva . 2014-09-30 . 2016-08-30.
  15. News: La Maison de la paix, "une effervescence pour Genève" . Dufour . Nicolas . 26 September 2013 . Le Temps . 19 October 2013 . 9 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150709135404/http://www.letemps.ch/Page/Uuid/d36202b4-25fe-11e3-ad2a-8501617392fc/La_Maison_de_la_paix_une_effervescence_pour_Gen%C3%A8ve#.UmFAr5QpZMU . dead .
  16. Web site: Dual Degree . 2023-11-30 . www.hks.harvard.edu . en.
  17. Web site: 2016-03-11 . Members of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs . 2023-11-30 . Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) . en-US.
  18. Book: Peter, Ania . The League of Nations in Retrospect: Proceedings of the Symposium . Walter de Gruyter . 1983 . 221–222 . William E. Rappard and the League of Nations: A Swiss contribution to international organization . 3-11-008733-2.
  19. Van Dongen . Luc . Former des élites non communistes pour le tiers-monde : l'Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales (IUHEI), les États-Unis et la Guerre froide . Relations Internationales . 2015 . 3 . 163 . 15–28 . 9 February 2023.
  20. The World Crisis. By Professors of the Graduate Institute of International Studies. (New York and London: Longmans, Green and Company. 1938. Pp. Xii, 385. 10s.6d.) . 10.2307/1948236 . 1948236 . American Political Science Review . October 1938 . 32 . 5 . 982–984 . Berdahl . Clarence A. . 147145334 .
  21. Web site: Chapter 13: The Maison de la Paix, or the Art of Rounding the Angles . République et canton de Genève.
  22. Potter . Pitman B. . 1968 . The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva . The American Journal of International Law . 62 . 3 . 740–742 . 10.1017/S0002930000103628 . 2197291 . 0002-9300.
  23. Rietzler . Katharina Elisabeth . American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 . October 2009 . Doctoral . UCL (University College London) .
  24. Rietzler . Katharina Elisabeth . American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 . October 2009 . Doctoral . UCL (University College London) .
  25. Book: International Relations in a Changing World . 1977-08-23 . Brill Archive . 978-90-286-0497-1 . en.
  26. The formation of International Relations: ideas, practices, institutions, 1914-1940 . University of Oxford . 2017 . PhD . en . J. . Stöckmann.
  27. Encyclopedia: 2012 . Gunnar Myrdal . Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition . Encyclopædia Britannica Inc . 14 October 2012.
  28. Web site: Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales IUHEI . Université de Genève.
  29. Rietzler . Katharina Elisabeth . American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 . October 2009 . Doctoral . UCL (University College London) .
  30. News: 1927-04-10 . SCHOOL STUDIES WORLD RELATIONS; Many American Students Attend the Institution At Geneva Founded by Professor Zimmern And Devoted to Ideals of Internationalism . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-09-18 . 0362-4331.
  31. Web site: Godkin Lecturer States Facts of Geneva School . 2023-09-18 . The Harvard Crimson.
  32. Web site: Magness . Phillip W. . 2018-12-30 . What Does 'Neoliberalism' Really Mean? . 2023-12-17 . Reason.com . en-US.
  33. The formation of International Relations: ideas, practices, institutions, 1914-1940. University of Oxford . 2017 . PhD . en . J. . Stöckmann.
  34. Owens . Patricia . Rietzler . Katharina . 2023-07-04 . Polyphonic internationalism: The Lucie Zimmern School of International studies . The International History Review . en . 45 . 4 . 623–642 . 10.1080/07075332.2023.2177321 . 0707-5332.
  35. 2023 . Polyphonic internationalism: The Lucie Zimmern School of International studies . The International History Review . 45 . 4 . 623–642 . 10.1080/07075332.2023.2177321 . 0707-5332 . Owens . Patricia . Rietzler . Katharina .
  36. Web site: IHEID and Neoliberalism: Reflecting on the Institute's neoliberal history and practice IHEID . 2023-12-17 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  37. Book: Mirowski . Philip . The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective . Plehwe . Dieter . 2009-06-19 . Harvard University Press . 978-0-674-03318-4 . en.
  38. Book: Dyson, Kenneth . Conservative Liberalism, Ordo-liberalism, and the State: Disciplining Democracy and the Market . 2021-01-21 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-259621-5 . en.
  39. Web site: jam . Journal des arts et métiers . 2019-05-09 . Ces libéraux qui vécurent à Genève . 2023-12-17 . Journal des arts et métiers jam . fr.
  40. Web site: Wright . Michael . 2020-10-10 . The Europaeum bulletin - Oct 2020 . 2023-12-21 . Europaeum . en-US.
  41. Web site: Fondation pour l'étude des relations internationales et du développement, Genève: Statuts de la fondation et composition du premier conseil de fondation . 16 May 2007 . Département fédéral de l'intérieur . fr . news.admin.ch . 13 October 2012.
  42. Web site: https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/discover-institute/la-qualite-linstitut/current-accreditation . 2024-08-22 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  43. News: 2009-10-28 . L’IHEID de Genève est reconnu comme institution universitaire - Le Temps . 2024-09-03 . fr . 1423-3967.
  44. Web site: Chapter 13: The Maison de la Paix, or the Art of Rounding the Angles Genève internationale . 2024-11-08 . www.geneve-int.ch.
  45. Web site: L'IUED refait le monde depuis 40 ans – Infosud – Tribune des Droits Humains . infosud.org . 31 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131102164743/http://www.infosud.org/spip.php?page=article&id_article=5076 . 2 November 2013 . dead.
  46. Web site: The Geneva Graduate Institute's 2023 Annual Report IHEID . 2024-07-10 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  47. Web site: Academic Departments IHEID . 2024-07-10 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  48. Web site: Master & PhD Programmes IHEID . 2024-07-29 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  49. Web site: IHEID FC Executive Course Catalogue Geneva Graduate Institute . 2024-07-29 . executive.graduateinstitute.ch.
  50. Web site: Nos étudiants représentent plus de 100 nationalités . 15 December 2014 . 19 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141219022342/http://graduateinstitute.ch/home/relations-publiques/news-at-the-institute/news-archives.html/_/news/corporate/2014/nos-etudiants-representent-plus . dead .
  51. Web site: Diplomas . February 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140221173004/http://graduateinstitute.ch/home/admissions/prospective-students/diplomas.html . 21 February 2014 . dead.
  52. Web site: Research Centres IHEID . 2024-06-18 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  53. Web site: Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement - CIDS Genève internationale . 2024-11-18 . www.geneve-int.ch.
  54. Web site: Rankingy . 3 Dec 2017 . 4 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114526/http://graduateinstitute.ch/home/about-us/institute/accreditation-reconnaissance-ran.html . dead .
  55. Web site: Tierney . Irene Entringer García Blanes, Susan Peterson, Michael J. . 2024-08-26 . The Top International Relations Schools of 2024, Ranked . 2024-08-24 . Foreign Policy . en-US.
  56. Web site: International Affairs Grad School Guide . 23 Jan 2016 . Foreign Policy Association.
  57. Web site: LLM Survey . Global Arbitration Review . 23 Jan 2016.
  58. Web site: Top LL.M. Programs for Alternative Dispute Resolution 2020 .
  59. Web site: LLM Guide Top 10 Methodology .
  60. Web site: Top LL.M. Programs for Public International Law 2020 .
  61. Web site: Top 10 LL.M. Programs for Human Rights Law 2020 .
  62. Web site: Campus de la Paix IHEID . 2023-08-12 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  63. Web site: Sophie Davaris . December 3, 2008 . IHEID dévoile son campus et la future Maison de la paix . Tribune de Genève . fr . 13 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120723031313/http://archives.tdg.ch/geneve/actu/iheid-devoile-campus-future-maison-paix-2008-12-02 . 23 July 2012.
  64. Web site: A US$ 10 Million Grant from Mrs Kathryn Davis . Philippe Burrin . Spring 2009 . Globe No. 3 . 11 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120225031527/http://graduateinstitute.ch/corporate/Kathryn_Davis_Grant.html . 25 February 2012.
  65. Web site: Classement du décor et du mobilier de la Villa Barton et mise à l'inventaire des cinq pavillons de l'IHEID . 2024-10-31 . ge.ch . fr.
  66. Web site: WTO About the organization - The WTO building: Centre William Rappard: Welcome . 2024-10-31 . www.wto.org.
  67. Web site: Historic villas . 2023-08-12 . www.bsne.ch.
  68. Potter . Pitman B. . 1968 . The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva . The American Journal of International Law . 62 . 3 . 740–742 . 0002-9300.
  69. Web site: Opening of the Grand Morillon Student Residence | IHEID.
  70. Web site: Our residences IHEID . 2024-11-03 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  71. Web site: About the Journal . 2023-08-12 .
  72. Web site: International Development Policy . 2023-08-12 . Brill . en.
  73. Web site: Présentation – Relations Internationales . 2023-08-12 . fr-FR.
  74. Web site: Exchange programmes IHEID . 2023-05-06 . graduateinstitute.ch.
  75. Web site: 2016-05-09 . APSIA Member - The Graduate Institute, Geneva . 2023-08-22 . Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) . en-US.
  76. Web site: Member directory . 2023-08-22 . eua.eu.
  77. Web site: Member Network . 2023-08-22 . Europaeum . en-US.
  78. Web site: ECPR Member Institutions . 2023-08-22 . ecpr.eu.
  79. Web site: gmbh . ganzgraph . EADI: European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes . 2023-08-22 . www.eadi.org . en-US.
  80. Web site: Agence universitaire de la Francophonie . 2023-08-22 . AUF . fr-CA.
  81. Web site: Willkommen - swissuniversities . 2023-08-22 . www.swissuniversities.ch.
  82. Web site: Academic Awards and Prizes | IHEID .
  83. Web site: n.a. . 1979 . Announcements: Paul Guggenheim Foundation . Cambridge University Press.
  84. Web site: The Edgar de Picciotto International Prize | IHEID .
  85. Web site: Kofi Annan Geneva Peace Address IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  86. Web site: Ban Ki-moon Lecture IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  87. Web site: Digital Technology and the War in Ukraine IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  88. Web site: Everything in our Power for Peace: Filippo Grandi Gives the Kofi Annan Peace Address IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  89. Web site: Michael Sandel Receives the 2022 Edgar de Picciotto International Prize IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  90. Web site: THE PRICE OF TRUTH IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  91. Web site: Crisis, Recovery, Development & the Role of Youth IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  92. Web site: Dialogue with UN Secretary-General António Guterres IHEID . 2024-11-26 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  93. News: Nebehay . Stephanie . Big audience for panel with Dalai Lama despite Beijing protest . Reuters.
  94. News: Miles . Tom . U.N.'s Zeid says politicians' anti-migrant rhetoric can be deadly . Reuters.
  95. Web site: Alumni Community IHEID . 2024-02-28 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.
  96. Web site: Maurice Allais . The Nobel Prize.
  97. News: Crabtree . James . The Globotics Upheaval by Richard Baldwin — white-collar disruption . Financial Times.
  98. Web site: Carl Jacob Burckhardt . Oxford Reference.
  99. Web site: Kemal Dervis . Turkuaz Republic.
  100. Web site: Customary International Law . Edward Elgar.
  101. Web site: A Swiss Oasis of Liberal Sanity in a Totalitarian Europe . The Future of Freedom Foundation. November 2022 .
  102. Web site: Remembering the victims of National Socialism with Saul Friedländer . German Bundestag.
  103. Bermann . George A. . In Memoriam: Emmanuel Gaillard . Indian Rev. Int'l Arb. . 2021 . 8 .
  104. Web site: Guggenheim, Paul . Dodis . 15 September 1899 . Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland.
  105. Milestones . . May 23, 1977.
  106. Web site: Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales IUHEI . Université de Genève.
  107. Web site: Olivier Long, GATT Director-General, 1968 to 1980 . World Trade Organization.
  108. Web site: Theodor Meron . New York University School of Law.
  109. Web site: Von Mises, Ludwig . Encyclopedia.com.
  110. Web site: Biography . The Works of Robert Mundell. 24 June 2010 .
  111. Encyclopedia: Gunnar Myrdal . 2012 . Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition . Encyclopædia Britannica Inc . 14 October 2012.
  112. Web site: Shalini Randeria . Central European University.
  113. Heilperin . Michael A. . Wilhelm Röpke in Memoriam . Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv . 1966 . 97 . 1–5 . 40436696 .
  114. News: Dr. Jacob Miner, Economist, Dead . The New York Times . Sep 13, 1970.
  115. Web site: Curriculum vitae Jean Ziegler . OHCHR.
  116. Web site: Our Faculty . Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
  117. Web site: The Institute and the International Community: 90 Years of History . Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
  118. Web site: The Foundation . 2012 . IHEID . 13 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121027043056/http://graduateinstitute.ch/corporate/institute/fondation_en.html . 27 October 2012.
  119. Web site: Bund finanziert Genf neue Hochschule . de . 28 May 2006 . Neue Zürcher Zeitung . 13 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120212030342/http://www.nzz.ch/2006/05/28/il/articleE5QID.html . 12 February 2012.
  120. Web site: Foundation Board IHEID . 2024-05-28 . www.graduateinstitute.ch.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.