GSAT-12 explained

GSAT-12 was a communication satellite designed and developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It was the second satellite to be launched and placed on a GTO using PSLV.^[3]

Satellite

GSAT-12 was considered to be a replacement of the aged satellite INSAT-3B. It provided services like tele-education, tele-medicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access.^[4]

Payloads

GSAT-12 was equipped with 12 Extended C-band transponders.

Launch

GSAT-12 was launched onboard PSLV-XL C17 from second launch pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre on July 15, 2011.^[5] The tentative life of satellite was 8 years.^{[6] [7]}

Replacement and relocation

While GSAT-12 was still operational a replacement satellite CMS-01(formerly GSAT-12R) was launched on 17 December 2020.^[8] GSAT-12 was relocated from 83°E slot to 48°E slot on 19 March 2021.^[9]

End of mission

In March 2023 GSAT-12 was retired from its operational service. After seven maneuvers to raise the satellite to a circular graveyard orbit, 390 km above GEO belt.^{[10] [11] [12]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: UCS Satellite Database. Union of Concerned Scientists. 25 December 2013. 4 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140104234546/http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/UCS_Satellite_Database_9-1-13.txt. dead.
2. Web site: GSAT 12 - Orbit. Chris. Peat. Heavens Above. 25 December 2013. 25 December 2013.
3. Web site: GSAT-12/12R. Gunter Space Page. 6 October 2020.
4. Web site: GSAT-12 reaches its home in a circular geo-synchronous orbit . The Hindu . Jul 15, 2011. March 20, 2013.
5. Web site: ISRO successfully launches latest communication satellite GSAT-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130923235352/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-15/news/29777953_1_gsat-5p-communication-satellite-gsat12 . dead . September 23, 2013 . Economic Times . Jul 15, 2011 . March 20, 2013.
6. Web site: GSAT-12. space.skyrocket.de.
7. Web site: GSAT-12 powered by PSLV is ready to launch. engineersworldonline.com. 2011-07-14. 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182529/http://engineersworldonline.com/GSAT-12.html. dead.
8. Web site: ISRO gearing up for rocket launches with Virtual Launch Control Centre. The Tribune. 5 October 2020.
9. Web site: Historical satellite position data for GSAT-12 for the month of March 2021. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210321204701/https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?37746?archive/2021/March/2021_March_. 2021-03-21. 2021-03-21. www.satellite-calculations.com.
10. Web site: 20 April 2023 . Monthly Summary of Department of space for the month of March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419135528/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Monthly_summary/MonthlySummar_March2023.pdf . 19 April 2023 . The post mission disposal of GSAT-12 was successfully carried out through 7 manoeuvres to raise the satellite to a circular super-GEO synchronous orbit 390 km above GEO belt..
11. Web site: Historical satellite position data for GSAT-12 for the month of March 2023Satellite launced: 2011-07-15 . 2023-04-19 . www.satellite-calculations.com.
12. Web site: Post Mission Disposal of GSAT-12 . 2023-04-21 . www.isro.gov.in.