GNAZ explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAZ gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systems. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.

Interactions

GNAZ has been shown to interact with EYA2,^[3] RGS20^{[4] [5]} and RGS19.^{[3] [6]}

Further reading

• Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS, Chen XN, Amatruda TT, Korenberg JR, Trask BJ, de Jong P, Reed RR, Simon MI . Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family . Nat. Genet. . 1 . 2 . 85–91 . 1992 . 1302014 . 10.1038/ng0592-85 . 31888533 .
• Jiang M, Pandey S, Tran VT, Fong HK . Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 88 . 9 . 3907–11 . 1991 . 1902575 . 51562 . 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3907 . 1991PNAS...88.3907J . free .
• Gagnon AW, Manning DR, Catani L, Gewirtz A, Poncz M, Brass LF . Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes . Blood . 78 . 5 . 1247–53 . 1991 . 10.1182/blood.V78.5.1247.1247 . 1908722 . free .
• Hinton DR, Blanks JC, Fong HK, Casey PJ, Hildebrandt E, Simons MI . Novel localization of a G protein, Gz-alpha, in neurons of brain and retina . J. Neurosci. . 10 . 8 . 2763–70 . 1990 . 2117645 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02763.1990. 6570268 . free .
• Mumby SM, Heukeroth RO, Gordon JI, Gilman AG . G-protein alpha-subunit expression, myristoylation, and membrane association in COS cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 2 . 728–32 . 1990 . 2153964 . 53339 . 10.1073/pnas.87.2.728 . 1990PNAS...87..728M . free .
• Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kozasa T, Kaziro Y . Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA for a putative pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein alpha subunit . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 15 . 5384–8 . 1988 . 2456569 . 281761 . 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5384 . 1988PNAS...85.5384M . free .
• Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, Zollman S, Fournier RE, Mohandas LT, Nesbitt M, Lugo T, Jones DT, Reed RR . Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 20 . 7642–6 . 1988 . 2902634 . 282248 . 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 . 1988PNAS...85.7642B . free .
• Fong HK, Yoshimoto KK, Eversole-Cire P, Simon MI . Identification of a GTP-binding protein alpha subunit that lacks an apparent ADP-ribosylation site for pertussis toxin . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 9 . 3066–70 . 1988 . 3129724 . 280144 . 10.1073/pnas.85.9.3066 . 1988PNAS...85.3066F . free .
• Fields TA, Casey PJ . Phosphorylation of Gz alpha by protein kinase C blocks interaction with the beta gamma complex . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 39 . 23119–25 . 1995 . 7559455 . 10.1074/jbc.270.39.23119 . free .
• Lounsbury KM, Schlegel B, Poncz M, Brass LF, Manning DR . Analysis of Gz alpha by site-directed mutagenesis. Sites and specificity of protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation . J. Biol. Chem. . 268 . 5 . 3494–8 . 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53721-2 . 8429024 . free .
• Linder ME, Middleton P, Hepler JR, Taussig R, Gilman AG, Mumby SM . Lipid modifications of G proteins: alpha subunits are palmitoylated . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 90 . 8 . 3675–9 . 1993 . 8475115 . 46364 . 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3675 . 1993PNAS...90.3675L . free .
• Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG . RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity . Nature . 383 . 6596 . 175–7 . 1996 . 8774883 . 10.1038/383175a0 . 1996Natur.383..175H . 4318445 .
• Magovcevic I, Khetarpal U, Bieber FR, Morton CC . GNAZ in human fetal cochlea: expression, localization, and potential role in inner ear function . Hear. Res. . 90 . 1–2 . 55–64 . 1995 . 8975005 . 10.1016/0378-5955(95)00146-8 . 4762404 .
• De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG . GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 26 . 15203–8 . 1996 . 8986788 . 26381 . 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . 1996PNAS...9315203D . free .
• Ho MK, Wong YH . Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of G alphaZ in receptor and effector coupling . J. Neurochem. . 68 . 6 . 2514–22 . 1997 . 9166747 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68062514.x . free .
• Sidhu A, Kimura K, Uh M, White BH, Patel S . Multiple coupling of human D5 dopamine receptors to guanine nucleotide binding proteins Gs and Gz . J. Neurochem. . 70 . 6 . 2459–67 . 1998 . 9603210 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062459.x . 35877239 .
• Lin P, Le-Niculescu H, Hofmeister R, McCaffery JM, Jin M, Hennemann H, McQuistan T, De Vries L, Farquhar MG . The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein . J. Cell Biol. . 141 . 7 . 1515–27 . 1998 . 9647645 . 2132997 . 10.1083/jcb.141.7.1515 .
• Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ . RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 40 . 26008–13 . 1998 . 9748279 . 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 . free .

Notes and References

1. Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y . Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein . J. Biol. Chem. . 265 . 22 . 13215–20 . September 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38287-0 . 2115889 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide.
3. Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR . The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 41 . 32129–34 . October 2000 . 10906137 . 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 . free .
4. Nagahama M, Usui S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Tagaya M . Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus . J. Cell Sci. . 115 . Pt 23 . 4483–93 . December 2002 . 12414994 . 10.1242/jcs.00093 . 37993828 .
5. Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ . RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 40 . 26008–13 . October 1998 . 9748279 . 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 . free .
6. De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG . GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 26 . 15203–8 . December 1996 . 8986788 . 26381 . 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . 1996PNAS...9315203D . free .