GGA3 explained

ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGA3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) family. This family includes ubiquitous coat proteins that regulate the trafficking of proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the lysosome. These proteins share an amino-terminal VHS domain which mediates sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network. They also contain a carboxy-terminal region with homology to the ear domain of gamma-adaptins. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants.^[3]

Interactions

GGA3 has been shown to interact with ARF1^[4] and ARF3.^[5]

Further reading

• Nagase T, Seki N, Tanaka A, Ishikawa K, Nomura N . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1 . DNA Research . 2 . 4 . 167–74, 199–210 . August 1995 . 8590280 . 10.1093/dnares/2.4.167 . free .
• Hirst J, Lui WW, Bright NA, Totty N, Seaman MN, Robinson MS . A family of proteins with gamma-adaptin and VHS domains that facilitate trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the vacuole/lysosome . The Journal of Cell Biology . 149 . 1 . 67–80 . April 2000 . 10747088 . 2175106 . 10.1083/jcb.149.1.67 .
• Takatsu H, Yoshino K, Nakayama K . Adaptor gamma ear homology domain conserved in gamma-adaptin and GGA proteins that interact with gamma-synergin . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 271 . 3 . 719–25 . May 2000 . 10814529 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2700 .
• Puertollano R, Randazzo PA, Presley JF, Hartnell LM, Bonifacino JS . The GGAs promote ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN . Cell . 105 . 1 . 93–102 . April 2001 . 11301005 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00299-9 . 1158816 . free .
• Puertollano R, Aguilar RC, Gorshkova I, Crouch RJ, Bonifacino JS . Sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptors mediated by the GGAs . Science . 292 . 5522 . 1712–6 . June 2001 . 11387475 . 10.1126/science.1060750 . 2001Sci...292.1712P . 30836125 .
• Misra S, Puertollano R, Kato Y, Bonifacino JS, Hurley JH . Structural basis for acidic-cluster-dileucine sorting-signal recognition by VHS domains . Nature . 415 . 6874 . 933–7 . February 2002 . 11859375 . 10.1038/415933a . 2002Natur.415..933M . 4430757 .
• Takatsu H, Yoshino K, Toda K, Nakayama K . GGA proteins associate with Golgi membranes through interaction between their GGAH domains and ADP-ribosylation factors . The Biochemical Journal . 365 . Pt 2 . 369–78 . July 2002 . 11950392 . 1222692 . 10.1042/BJ20020428 .
• Kato Y, Misra S, Puertollano R, Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS . Phosphoregulation of sorting signal-VHS domain interactions by a direct electrostatic mechanism . Nature Structural Biology . 9 . 7 . 532–6 . July 2002 . 12032548 . 10.1038/nsb807 . 23740463 .
• Doray B, Bruns K, Ghosh P, Kornfeld SA . Autoinhibition of the ligand-binding site of GGA1/3 VHS domains by an internal acidic cluster-dileucine motif . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 12 . 8072–7 . June 2002 . 12060753 . 123022 . 10.1073/pnas.082235699 . 2002PNAS...99.8072D . free .
• Wasiak S, Legendre-Guillemin V, Puertollano R, Blondeau F, Girard M, de Heuvel E, Boismenu D, Bell AW, Bonifacino JS, McPherson PS . Enthoprotin: a novel clathrin-associated protein identified through subcellular proteomics . The Journal of Cell Biology . 158 . 5 . 855–62 . September 2002 . 12213833 . 2173151 . 10.1083/jcb.200205078 .
• Doray B, Ghosh P, Griffith J, Geuze HJ, Kornfeld S . Cooperation of GGAs and AP-1 in packaging MPRs at the trans-Golgi network . Science . 297 . 5587 . 1700–3 . September 2002 . 12215646 . 10.1126/science.1075327 . 2002Sci...297.1700D . 8810528 .
• Boman AL, Salo PD, Hauglund MJ, Strand NL, Rensink SJ, Zhdankina O . ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) interaction is not sufficient for yeast GGA protein function or localization . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 13 . 9 . 3078–95 . September 2002 . 12221117 . 124144 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0078 .
• Mattera R, Arighi CN, Lodge R, Zerial M, Bonifacino JS . Divalent interaction of the GGAs with the Rabaptin-5-Rabex-5 complex . The EMBO Journal . 22 . 1 . 78–88 . January 2003 . 12505986 . 140067 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg015 .
• Wakasugi M, Waguri S, Kametaka S, Tomiyama Y, Kanamori S, Shiba Y, Nakayama K, Uchiyama Y . Predominant expression of the short form of GGA3 in human cell lines and tissues . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 306 . 3 . 687–92 . July 2003 . 12810073 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01032-5 .
• He X, Zhu G, Koelsch G, Rodgers KK, Zhang XC, Tang J . Biochemical and structural characterization of the interaction of memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) cytosolic domain with the VHS domain of GGA proteins . Biochemistry . 42 . 42 . 12174–80 . October 2003 . 14567678 . 10.1021/bi035199h .
• Ghosh P, Griffith J, Geuze HJ, Kornfeld S . Mammalian GGAs act together to sort mannose 6-phosphate receptors . The Journal of Cell Biology . 163 . 4 . 755–66 . November 2003 . 14638859 . 2173681 . 10.1083/jcb.200308038 .
• Shiba Y, Katoh Y, Shiba T, Yoshino K, Takatsu H, Kobayashi H, Shin HW, Wakatsuki S, Nakayama K . GAT (GGA and Tom1) domain responsible for ubiquitin binding and ubiquitination . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 8 . 7105–11 . February 2004 . 14660606 . 10.1074/jbc.M311702200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Dell'Angelica EC, Puertollano R, Mullins C, Aguilar RC, Vargas JD, Hartnell LM, Bonifacino JS . GGAs: a family of ADP ribosylation factor-binding proteins related to adaptors and associated with the Golgi complex . The Journal of Cell Biology . 149 . 1 . 81–94 . April 2000 . 10747089 . 2175099 . 10.1083/jcb.149.1.81 .
2. Boman AL, Zhang C, Zhu X, Kahn RA . A family of ADP-ribosylation factor effectors that can alter membrane transport through the trans-Golgi . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 11 . 4 . 1241–55 . April 2000 . 10749927 . 14844 . 10.1091/mbc.11.4.1241 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GGA3 golgi associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 3.
4. Puertollano R, Randazzo PA, Presley JF, Hartnell LM, Bonifacino JS . The GGAs promote ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN . Cell . 105 . 1 . 93–102 . April 2001 . 11301005 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00299-9 . 1158816 . free .
5. Boman AL, Salo PD, Hauglund MJ, Strand NL, Rensink SJ, Zhdankina O . ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) interaction is not sufficient for yeast GGA protein function or localization . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 13 . 9 . 3078–95 . September 2002 . 12221117 . 124144 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0078 .