Fort space explained
In mathematics, there are a few topological spaces named after M. K. Fort, Jr.
Fort space
Fort space[1] is defined by taking an infinite set X, with a particular point p in X, and declaring open the subsets A of X such that:
- A does not contain p, or
- A contains all but a finite number of points of X.
The subspace
has the
discrete topology and is open and dense in
X.The space
X is
homeomorphic to the
one-point compactification of an infinite discrete space.
Modified Fort space
Modified Fort space[2] is similar but has two particular points. So take an infinite set X with two distinct points p and q, and declare open the subsets A of X such that:
- A contains neither p nor q, or
- A contains all but a finite number of points of X.
The space X is compact and T1, but not Hausdorff.
Fortissimo space
Fortissimo space[3] is defined by taking an uncountable set X, with a particular point p in X, and declaring open the subsets A of X such that:
- A does not contain p, or
- A contains all but a countable number of points of X.
The subspace
has the discrete topology and is open and dense in
X. The space
X is not compact, but it is a
Lindelöf space. It is obtained by taking an uncountable discrete space, adding one point and defining a topology such that the resulting space is Lindelöf and contains the original space as a dense subspace. Similarly to Fort space being the one-point compactification of an infinite discrete space, one can describe Fortissimo space as the
one-point Lindelöfication[4] of an uncountable discrete space.
References
- M. K. Fort, Jr. "Nested neighborhoods in Hausdorff spaces." American Mathematical Monthly vol.62 (1955) 372.
Notes and References
- Steen & Seebach, Examples #23 and #24
- Steen & Seebach, Example #27
- Steen & Seebach, Example #25
- Web site: One-point Lindelofication.
