Foreign relations of Peru explained

The foreign relations of Peru are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. is an important first-tier state in South America,[1] Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945,[2] and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Peru maintains diplomatic relations with:

CountryDate
1 Colombia[3]
2 Chile[4]
3 Mexico[5]
4 United Kingdom[6]
5[7]
6 Brazil[8]
7 United States[9]
8 Ecuador[10]
— (suspended)[11] [12]
9 Denmark[13]
10 Belgium[14]
11 Costa Rica[15]
12 Uruguay[16]
13 Portugal[17]
14 Guatemala[18]
15 El Salvador[19]
16 Nicaragua[20]
17 Paraguay[21]
18 France[22]
19 Italy[23]
20 Japan[24]
21 Dominican Republic[25]
—[26]
22 Spain[27]
23 Switzerland[28]
24 Argentina[29]
25 Cuba[30]
26 Panama[31]
27 Netherlands[32]
28 Czech Republic[33]
29 Norway[34]
30 Poland[35]
31 Sweden[36]
32 Romania[37]
33 Haiti[38]
34 Canada[39]
35 Austria[40]
36 Lebanon[41]
37 Germany[42]
38 Turkey[43]
—[44]
39 Honduras[45]
40 Israel[46]
41 Luxembourg[47]
42 Australia[48]
43 India[49]
44 Finland[50]
45[51]
46 Egypt[52]
47 Morocco[53]
48[54]
49 Thailand[55]
50[56]
51 Greece[57]
52[58]
53 Cyprus[59]
54[60]
55 Ethiopia[61]
56 Iceland[62]
57 Trinidad and Tobago[63]
58 Barbados[64]
59[65]
60 Hungary[66]
61 Bulgaria[67]
62 Serbia[68]
63 Jamaica[69]
64 Zambia[70]
65 Nigeria[71]
66 Guyana[72]
67 China[73]
68 Albania[74]
69 Algeria[75]
70 New Zealand[76]
71[77]
72 Libya[78]
73 Pakistan[79]
74 Philippines[80]
75 Guinea[81]
76 Sri Lanka[82]
77[83]
78
79[84]
80 Indonesia[85]
81[86]
82 Kuwait[87]
83 Iraq[88]
84 Nepal[89]
85[90]
86 Cambodia[91]
87 Malta[92]
88 Suriname[93]
89 Singapore[94]
90 Equatorial Guinea[95]
91[96]
92 Grenada[97] [98]
93 Papua New Guinea[99]
94 Kiribati[100]
95 Fiji
96 Tonga[101]
97 Samoa[102]
98 Nauru[103]
99 Antigua and Barbuda[104]
100 Angola[105]
101 Jordan[106]
102 Saint Lucia[107]
103 Mozambique[108]
104 Dominica[109]
105[110]
106 Malaysia[111]
107 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
108 Oman
109 Vanuatu
110 United Arab Emirates[112]
111 Guinea-Bissau[113]
— (suspended)[114]
112 Ghana
113 Cape Verde[115]
114[116]
115 Maldives
116 Myanmar
117
118
119 Sierra Leone
120
121 Lesotho
122 Qatar[117]
123[118]
124 Mauritania
125 Namibia
126 Marshall Islands[119]
127 Belize
128 Seychelles
129
130 Ukraine
131 Armenia[120]
132 Slovenia[121]
133[122]
134 Croatia[123]
135 South Africa[124]
136
137 Estonia[125]
138[126]
139 Azerbaijan
140 Liechtenstein[127]
141 Latvia
142 Kazakhstan[128]
143 Belarus[129]
144 Turkmenistan[130]
145 Mongolia
146 Andorra
147 Lithuania
148 Bosnia and Herzegovina[131]
149 Mali[132]
150 Ireland[133]
151 Kyrgyzstan
152 Uzbekistan
153 Tajikistan
154[134]
155 Zimbabwe[135]
156
157 San Marino[136]
158 Montenegro[137]
159 Bahrain
160 Georgia
161 Monaco[138]
—[139]
162 Solomon Islands
163 Tuvalu
164 Afghanistan[140]
165[141]
— Cook Islands[142]
166 Benin[143]
167 Rwanda[144]
168 Togo[145]
169 Djibouti[146]
170 Palau[147]
— Niue[148]
171 Uganda
172 Saint Kitts and Nevis[149]
173 Gabon[150]
174 BahamasUnknown
175 CameroonUnknown
176 SenegalUnknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Algeria10 March 1972

See main article: Algeria–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1972[151]

  • Algeria has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Algiers.
Angola6 September 1985
  • Angola and Peru established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1985[152]
  • Angola is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Burkina FasoMarch 1966
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Congo-Brazzaville12 July 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1975
  • The Republic of the Congo is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Egypt7 October 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1963.[153]

See main article: Egypt–Peru relations.

Ghana23 June 1987

See main article: Ghana–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1987[154]

Kenya25 February 1976Peru formerly had an embassy from 1987 to 1990. The embassy in Nairobi was re-opened in 2023.[155]
  • Kenya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Peru has an embassy in Nairobi.
Libya28 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1974.[156]

See main article: Libya–Peru relations.

  • Libya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru was accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, and was also the first country to sever relations with Libya before the civil war.
Morocco18 June 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1964[157]

See main article: Morocco–Peru relations.

Namibia11 July 1990

See main article: Namibia–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1990[158]

  • Peru established relations with SWAPO, preceding Namibian independence.[159]
  • Namibia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Nigeria5 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1971[160]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.
5 May 1987, broken 9 September 1996
8 September 2021, broken 18 August 2022
15 September 2022, broken 8 September 2023[161]

See main article: Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations.

  • The SADR has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru established formal relations with the SADR on 5 May 1987,[162] under Alan García, but recognition existed since 16 August 1984. Said relations expired on 9 September 1996, with Peru taking a neutral part in the Western Sahara conflict.[163] [164] [165]
  • On September 8, 2021, Peru and the SADR re-established their bilateral relations,[166] but the former again severed them on August 16, 2022,[167] renovating them one month later.[168]
South Africa28 July 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1993[169]

See main article: Peru–South Africa relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Pretoria. A Consulate was also maintained in Cape Town which closed in 1985.[170]
  • South Africa is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.
SudanOctober 7, 1988
  • Sudan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975
  • Tanzania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
TunisiaSeptember 1966
  • Peru is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.
Zambia5 October 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1970[171]
  • Peru is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Lusaka until 1990.[172]
  • Zambia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.
ZimbabweMarch 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Harare until 1990.
  • Zimbabwe is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina10 July 1822

See main article: Argentina–Peru relations.

24 June 1826Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1826[175]

See main article: Bolivia–Peru relations.

  • Bolivia has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in La Paz.
Brazil3 February 1827Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1827.[176]

See main article: Brazil–Peru relations.

  • Brazil has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Brasília.
Canada30 January 1944Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1944[177]

See main article: Canada–Peru relations.

Chile8 October 1822Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1822[181]

See main article: Chile–Peru relations.

In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state.

Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute.

Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors.

  • Chile has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia6 July 1822Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1822.[182]

See main article: Colombia–Peru relations.

  • Colombia has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Bogotá.
Costa Rica28 April 1851

See main article: Costa Rica–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1851[183]

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in San José.
Cuba11 January 1905Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1905.[184]

See main article: Cuba–Peru relations.

  • Peru had relations with Cuba prior to 1972, but broke them off in the 1960s.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Havana.
Dominican Republic6 April 1874Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1874[185]

See main article: Dominican Republic–Peru relations.

Ecuador26 September 1831Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1831[186]

See main article: Ecuador–Peru relations.

See also: Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute.

  • In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border.
  • In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.[187] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.[188]
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
El Salvador10 July 1857Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1857[189]

See main article: El Salvador–Peru relations.

Guatemala20 April 1857

See main article: Guatemala–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1857[190]

Guyana17 July 1971
Haiti1929
Honduras5 August 1856

See main article: Honduras–Peru relations.

Jamaica29 April 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970[195]
  • Jamaica has a consulate in Lima
  • Jamaica is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.
Mexico23 January 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1823[196]

See main article: Mexico–Peru relations. Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations.Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.

Nicaragua28 June 1850

See main article: Nicaragua–Peru relations.

  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Managua.
Panama2 March 1908

See main article: Panama–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1908[199]

See also: List of ambassadors of Peru to Panama.

Paraguay5 February 1858Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1858[200]

See main article: Paraguay–Peru relations.

Suriname23 June 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978[203]
Trinidad and Tobago5 February 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1968[205]

See main article: Peru-Trinidad and Tobago relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
United States2 May 1826

See main article: Peru–United States relations.

  • The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru. There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.
Uruguay13 November 1858

See main article: Peru–Uruguay relations.

17 February 1853 (Relations severed July 2024)

See main article: Peru–Venezuela relations. In October 2021, the leftist government of Peru re-established diplomatic relations with the leftist Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro after four years.[207]

Both embassies were closed after ties were cut off in July 2024.[208]

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Afghanistan27 September 2012

See also: Foreign relations of Afghanistan.

  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.[209]
  • Afghanistan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Peru is accredited to Afghanistan from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi.
  • Peru has not recognized nor established relations with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Armenia9 September 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1992.[210]
  • Armenia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Peru is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
25 June 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1996[211]

See main article: Azerbaijan–Peru relations.

  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.
Bahrain22 September 2009Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2009[212]
  • Bahrain is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Bangladesh28 February 1983
  • Bangladesh is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.
  • Peru is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in Bangkok.
China2 November 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1971[213]

See main article: China–Peru relations.

26 June 1874, broken 2 November 1971

See main article: Peru–Taiwan relations and Foreign relations of Taiwan.

14 January 2010

See main article: Georgia–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 2010[214]

  • Georgia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.
India25 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1963[215]

See main article: India–Peru relations.

Indonesia12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975[216]

See main article: Indonesia-Peru relations.

  • Indonesia has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
20 November 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1973[217]
  • Iran is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Quito.
  • Peru is accredited to Iran from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi.
  • Peru had an embassy in Tehran until 1978, serviced by its lone ambassador since 1977, César de la Fuente.[218] [219] [220] [221]
Iraq11 October 1975 and 11 July 2012 renew diplomatic relations
  • Peru and Iraq agreed to renew their bilateral ties in 2012.
  • Iraq is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.
Israel20 August 1957

See main article: Israel–Peru relations.

Japan21 August 1873Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1873.[222]

See main article: Japan–Peru relations.

Kazakhstan6 February 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1997[225]
Kuwait1 December 1975

See main article: Kuwait–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975[226]

Malaysia24 April 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1986[227]

See main article: Malaysia–Peru relations.

  • Malaysia has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur
Mongolia30 May 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1997[228]
  • Mongolia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.
  • Peru is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing.
Nepal28 January 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1976[229]
  • Nepal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.
  • Peru is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in India.
15 December 1988Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1988[230]

See main article: North Korea–Peru relations.

  • North Korea has an embassy in Lima.
  • Diplomatic relationships between both countries are suspended since 2017.
30 April 2011

See main article: Palestine–Peru relations.

  • Peru recognized Palestine on 24 January 2011.[231]
  • Palestine has an embassy in Lima.
Philippines30 November 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1974[232]

See main article: Peru-Philippines relations.

  • Peru is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Philippines is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.
Qatar7 November 1989

See main article: Peru–Qatar relations. At an official level, both countries began diplomatic relations in 1989.[233]

  • Peru has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Lima.
Saudi Arabia19 March 1986

See main article: Peru–Saudi Arabia relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Lima.
Singapore27 October 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1980[234]
  • Singapore is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Singapore.
  • Peru has an embassy in Singapore.
1 April 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963[235]

See main article: Peru–South Korea relations.

Thailand10 November 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1965.[236]

See main article: Peru–Thailand relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Lima.
Turkey1952[237]

See main article: Peru–Turkey relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Lima.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$250 million in 2019 (Peruvian exports/imports: 72.6/177.4 million USD).
United Arab Emirates17 June 1986

See main article: Peru–United Arab Emirates relations.

Uzbekistan22 December 1999
  • Peru and Uzbekistan established bilateral relations on 22 December 1999[238]
14 November 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1994[239]

See main article: Peru–Vietnam relations.

Europe

See also: European Union–Peru relations.

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Albania6 December 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971[240]

See main article: Albania–Peru relations.

  • Peru and Albania established formal relations in 1971.
  • Albania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens. Until its dissolution, Peru was accredited from its embassy in Yugoslavia.
Andorra3 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1997[241]

See main article: Andorra–Peru relations.

  • Andorra does not hold an embassy in Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Austria2 November 1949[242]

See main article: Austria–Peru relations.

  • Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.
  • Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg.[243]
Belarus19 February 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1997[244] In 1999, Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov visited Peru.[245]
  • Belarus is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.
  • Peru is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow.
Belgium1 April 1852

See main article: Belgium–Peru relations.

  • Belgium has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
Bosnia and Herzegovina23 January 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1998[246]

See main article: Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations.

  • Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Budapest.
Bulgaria18 April 1969Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1969[247]

See main article: Bulgaria–Peru relations.

Croatia12 January 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1993[249]

See main article: Croatia–Peru relations.

Cyprus19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1966.[250] [251] On October of the same year, relations were elevated to embassy level.[252]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.[253]
  • Peru is accredited to Cyprus from it missions in Italy.
Czech Republic11 July 1922, broken 4 October 1957, restored 27 December 1968 (with Czech Republic from 2 January 1993)

See main article: Czech Republic–Peru relations. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1968[254]

Denmark
Estonia27 July 1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1995[257]

See main article: Estonia–Peru relations.

2015–2021

      • Urmas Eigla: 2021–present[258]
Finland29 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1963[259]

See main article: Finland–Peru relations.

2000[260]

See main article: European Union–Peru relations.

  • The European Union has a consulate in Lima.
  • Peru has a section of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs dedicated to the European Union, as well as diplomatic relationships with its members.
France1826

See main article: France–Peru relations.

  • France has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Paris.
Germany28 June 1951
(Federal Republic)
28 December 1972 – 1990
(Democratic Republic)		Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1871.[261]

See main article: Germany–Peru relations.

Greece3 December 1965

See main article: Greece–Peru relations.

  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1965[263]
  • Greece has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Athens.
Hungary16 April 1969

See main article: Hungary–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1969[264]

  • Peru has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lima.
Iceland14 November 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1967[265]
  • Iceland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
  • Peru is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
Ireland27 June 1999

See main article: Ireland–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1999[266]

  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Mexico City and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin. Until 2017, the ambassador resided in London.
Italy23 December 1874Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1874[267]

See main article: Italy–Peru relations.

Latvia23 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1996[270]
  • Latvia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki.
Liechtenstein5 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1996[271]
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern.
Lithuania9 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1997[272]
  • Peru is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Helsinki.
Luxembourg14 June 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1962[273] [274]
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels.
Malta27 April 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1977[275]
  • Malta has two honorary consulates in Lima and Arequipa.
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Valletta.
1 February 1826

See main article: Netherlands–Peru relations.

  • Netherlands has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam.
Norway3 August 1923

See main article: Norway–Peru relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1923[276]

  • Peru has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has a consulate-general in Lima and is accredited from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.
Poland6 September 1923 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1923.[277] Peru refused to recognize the Polish government in London on December 29, 1945. Peru and Poland re-established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1969.[278]

See main article: Peru–Poland relations.

Portugal26 March 1853

See main article: Peru–Portugal relations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1853[281]

  • Peru has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Lima.
Romania10 October 1939, broken 5 March 1942, Re-established diplomatic relations 9 November 1968

See main article: Peru–Romania relations.

  • Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.

Diplomatic relations' level:

  • Legation: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • Embassy: since November 9, 1968

Diplomatic relations' timeline:

  • October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • since November 9, 1968[282]
16 May 1874 to 1918
1 February 1969

See main article: Peru–Russia relations.

San Marino24 February 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2005[285]
  • San Marino is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Rome.
  • Peru is accredited to San Marino from its missions in Italy.
Serbia10 December 1968

See main article: Peru–Serbia relations and Peru–Yugoslavia relations.

See also: Kosovo–Peru relations.

  • Diplomatic relations between then Yugoslavia and Peru existed before the Second World War. They were renewed on 10 December 1968.
  • Serbia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[286]
  • Peru is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Budapest.[287]
Slovakia1 January 1993

See main article: Peru–Slovakia relations.

  • Slovakia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.
  • Peru is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna.
15 April 1953
  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru is accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from its embassy in the Holy See.
Spain15 November 1879Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1879[288]

See main article: Peru–Spain relations.

Sweden11 February 1938Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.[291]

See main article: Peru–Sweden relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[292]
Switzerland16 September 1884

See main article: Peru–Switzerland relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima.
Ukraine7 May 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1992[293]

See main article: Peru–Ukraine relations.

  • Peru was accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. It was formerly accredited from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Lima.
United Kingdom10 October 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1823.

See main article: Peru–United Kingdom relations.

  • Peru maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Lima.[294]

Both countries are members of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.[295] Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[296]

1 November 1852

See main article: Holy See–Peru relations.

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia1 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1963[297]

See main article: Australia–Peru relations. Both countries have an expanding relationship in all areas. In February 2018 trade ministers from both Peru and Australia signed a free trade agreement.[298] Until 2019, the Peruvian ambassador was also accredited to New Zealand.[299]

  • Australia has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.
Fiji 1983[300]
New Zealand4 July 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1972[301]

See main article: New Zealand–Peru relations.

  • New Zealand is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Wellington.
Papua New Guinea14 September 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1983[302]
  • Peru is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its consulate-general in Sydney.

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation from 115,300 ha to38,700 ha, or 66%, between 1995 and 1999;[303] most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

See also

Notes and References

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