Flash comparison explained

A list of flash guns, for easy comparison of strobes, from different manufactures. The list is intended to supplement the list of photographic equipment makers.

List of current models

NameGuide number[1] Sync connectionAngle of coverageVariable power (manual)TTLBounceSwivelInterval[2] Optical slaveOther notesHSS
Cactus RF60[3] 56m at 105mmYes, 3.5mm24-105mm1/1-1/128 (1/3 steps)noyesyes5s (3s with NiMH)yesBuilt-in radio receiveryes [4]
Canon Speedlite 270EX II[5] 27mNo28/50mm?E-TTL IIyes (0/60/75/90)no3.9 secYes (only when using Canon master)Yes
Canon Speedlite 320EX[6] 32mNo24/50mm?E-TTL IIyes (0/60/75/90)yes (+90, -180)2.3 secYes (only when using Canon master)Yes
Canon Speedlite 430EX II[7] 43m/141 ft at 105mm zoom-head positionNo24/28/35/50/70/80/105mm (plus 14mm diffusor)1/1-1/64 (1/3 steps) [1/1-1/128 when used as slave]E-TTL IIyesyes (+90, -180)3.7 sec (AA-Alkaline), 2 sec (AA-NiMH)Yes (only when using Canon master)Yes
Canon Speedlite 580EX II[8] 58m/190 ft at 105mm zoom-head positionYes24-105mm (14mm diffusor)1/1-1/128 (1/3 steps)E-TTL IIyesyes (360)3.5 secYes (only when using Canon master)Can be used as wireless (optical) controller for other Canon flashesYes
Canon Speedlite 600EX-RT[9] 60m/ 196.9 ft at 200mm zoom-head positionYes20-200mm (14mm diffusor)1/1-1/128 (1/3 steps)E-TTL IIyesyes (360)3.3 secYes (only when using Canon master)Can be used as wireless (optical) controller for other Canon flashesYes
Lumopro LP160[10] 42m/140 ftMiniphone+PC24, 28, 35, 50, 70, 85, 105mm1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64noyesyes4 sec (AA-NiMH)Yes
Metz mecablitz 36 AF-4 digital[11] 36m/118 ftno28-85mm (manual)TTL[12] yesyes5YesMetz service Firmware update
Metz mecablitz 48 AF-1 digital[13] 48m/158 ftno24-105mm (18mm diffuser)25 levelsE-TTL II[14] yesyes3.5Yes (only E-TTL/i-TTL slave)Can update firmware over USB,High Speed SyncYes
Metz mecablitz 58 AF-1 digital[15] 58m/190 ftno24-105mm (18mm diffuser)25 levelsTTLyesyes3.5Yes (only E-TTL/i-TTL slave)Can operate as E-TTL/i-TTL masterCan update firmware over USBHas secondary reflectorHigh Speed SyncYes
Nikon SB-600 AF Speedlight[16] 30m/98 ft[17] No24-85mm, 18mm with flip down diffuser1/1-1/64i-TTL/CLSyesyes3.5 secYes (only when using Nikon master)Yes
Nikon SB-900 AF Speedlight[18] 34m/111.5 ftScrewlock PC14-200mm1/1-1/128TTL/i-TTL/CLSyesyes4sec[19] yesYes
Nissin Di622[20] 44m/145 ft @105mmPC24–105 mm1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32i-TTL (Nikon)E-TTL/E-TTL II (Canon)yesyes5secyes, both i-TTL and basic slaveNikon and Canon versionsCan update firmware over USB
Nissin Di622 MARK II [21] 44m/145 ft @105mmPC24–105 mm1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32i-TTL (Nikon)E-TTL/E-TTL II (Canon)yesyes5secyes, both i-TTL and basic slaveNikon and Canon and Sony versionsCan update firmware over USB
Nissin Di866[22] 60m/198 ft @105mm (overrated)PC18, 24-105mm1/1-1/128, 1/3 EVi-TTL/CLS (Nikon)E-TTL/E-TTL II (Canon)yesyes5.5secyes, both i-TTL and basic slaveNikon and Canon versionsCan update firmware over USBHas sub-flash
Pentax AF-200FG[23] 20mNo28mm1/1, 1/2, 1/4TTLnono4secno
Pentax AF-360FGZ II[24] 36mX-Sync24-85mm1/1-1/64PTTLyesyes6secyes
Pentax AF-540FGZ[25] 54mX-Sync24-85mm1/1-1/64PTTLyesyes6secyesHeadsize: 70x45mm/2.75x1.77"
Sigma EF 500 DG ST[26] 50m/165 ftNo28-105mm1/1,1/16TTL[27] yesyes6secno
Sigma EF 500 DG Super[28] 50m/165 ftNo28-105mm8 levelsTTLyesyes6secyes
Sigma EF 530 DG ST[29] 53m/175 ftNo24-105mm1/1,1/16TTL[30] yesyes6secno
Sigma EF 530 DG Super[31] 53m/175 ftNo24-105mm (17mm diffuser)1/1-1/64 (Sigma/Canon 1/1-1/128)TTLyesyes6secyes
Sony HVL-F58AM58 at 105 mmYes (proprietary for external HVL-F56AM or HVL-F58AM only)24-105mm (16mm diffuser)Yes (1/1-1/32)TTL/ADI, Wireless TTL/ADIYesYes3-5Yes (Body only/Or HVL-F58AM/HVL-F20AM on Sony A900 or HVL-F58AM on Sony A700)HSS, Battery booster connector, Wireless Ratio ControlYes
Sony HVL-F42AM42 at 105 mmno24-105mm (16mm diffuser)Yes (1/1-1/32)TTL/ADI, Wireless TTL/ADIYesYes3-4Yes (Body only/Or HVL-F58AM on Sony A900 or on Sony A700)HSSYes
Vivitar 285HV[32] 42m/140 ftYes, proprietary jack28-105mm1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/16noyesno10secno
Yongnuo YN460[33] 25m/85 ft (50mm ISO100)Nofixed1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64noyesyes5secyesno
Yongnuo YN460 II[34] 36m/120 ft (50mm ISO100)Nofixed1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64noyesyes5secyesno
Yongnuo YN462[35] 24m/80 ft (50mm ISO100)Nofixed1/1 - 1/64 (analog)noyesyes5secnoSame as YN460, but with analog power selector and no optical slave sensorno
Yongnuo YN465[36] 24m/80 ft (50mm ISO100)Nofixed1/1 - 1/64 (analog)E-TTL II (Canon) / i-TTL (Nikon)yes (-10 to +90)yes (-180 to +90)2sec (1.2 with NiMH)nono
Yongnuo YN468 II[37] 21.1m/ ft (50mm ISO100, as measured; official is 33m at 35mm)PC24-85mm (18mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128E-TTL II (Canon) / i-TTL (Nikon)yes (-10 to +90)yes (-90 to +180)1.8sec (1.0 with NiMH)yesno
Yongnuo YN560 [38] 58m (at 105mm)PC24-105mm (18mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)noyes (-7 to +90)yes (0 to 270)3.0secYes (S1, S2)no
Yongnuo YN560 II [39] 58m (at 105mm)PC24-105mm (18mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)noyes (-7 to +90)yes (0 to 270)3.0secYes (S1, S2)= YN560 + LCD [40] no
Yongnuo YN560 III [41] 58m (at 105mm)PC24-105mm (18mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)noyes (-7 to +90)yes (0 to 270)3.0secYes (S1, S2)= YN560 II + RF603 built-in (2.4G radio receiver) no
Yongnuo YN560 IV [42] 58m (at 105mm)PC24-105mm (18mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)noyes (-7 to +90)yes (0 to 270)3.0secYes (S1, S2)= YN560 II + YN560TX built-in (2.4G radio controller) no
Yongnuo YN565 [43] 54m (at 105mm)PC24-105mm1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)E-TTL IIyesyes (360)3.5secYes (only when using Canon/Nikon master)no
Yongnuo YN568[44] 58m (at 105mm)PC24-105mmyesyes (360)3secno
Yongnuo YN585 EX [45] 58m (at 105mm)PC20-105mm (14mm diffuser)1/1 - 1/128 (with 1/3 steps)P-TTL (Pentax)yes (-7 to +90)yes (360)3.0secYes (S1, S2, SP [Pentax])Rear-curtain sync, FEC, FEB, USB Port (firmware upgrade), Auto zoom, AF-assist beamno

List of discontinued models

NameGuide numberSync connectionAngle of coverageVariable power (manual)TTLBounceSwivelIntervalOptical slaveDiscontinuedOther notes
Cactus KF36ACTUAL DATA 30m/100 ft at 50mm (overrated as 37m/140 ft)Yes, proprietary jack28-105mm1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/16noyesno10secnoVivitar 285HV clone
Canon Speedlite 580ex[46] 37m/140 ft (50mm ISO100)(or 58/190 ft at 105mm)No 17-105mm1/1-1/128eTTL and Canon's infrared systemyesyes0.1 to 3 sec for normal flash, 0.1 to 3 sec for quick flashnoThe flash foot is easily modified to include a sync connection
Lumopro LP120[47] 30m/100 ftMiniphone+PC28mm, 50mm, 85mm (manual)1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32noyesyes6.5 sec (AA-NiMH)Yes
Sony HVL-F56AM56 at 85 mmyes (proprietary for external HVL-F56AM or HVL-F58AM only)24-85mm (17mm diffuser)Yes (1/1-1/32)TTL/ADI, Wireless TTL/ADIYesYes5-6Yes (Body only/Or HVL-F58AM on Sony A900)HSS, Battery booster connector
Sony HVL-F36AM36 at 85 mmno24-85mm (17mm diffuser)NoTTL/ADI, Wireless TTL/ADIYesNo5-6Yes (Body only/Or HVL-F58AM on Sony A900)HSS
Nikon SB-26 AF Speedlight[48] 18m (at 18mm) / 50m (at 85mm) at ISO100Screwlock PC18 - 85mm1/1 - 1/64TTLyesyes3secyesBuilt in wide flash adapter and bounce card.
Nikon SB-28 AF Speedlight[49] 18m (at 18mm) / 50m (at 85mm) at ISO100Screwlock PC18 - 85mm1/1 - 1/64TTLyesyes3secnoBuilt in wide flash adapter and bounce card.
Nikon SB-80DX AF Speedlight14m (at 18mm) / 50m (at 85mm) at ISO100Screwlock PC14 - 105mm1/1 - 1/128TTLyesyes3secyesBuilt in wide flash adapter and bounce card.
Nikon SB-800 AF Speedlight[50] 38 (at 35mm) / 56m (at 105mm) at ISO100Screwlock PC24-105mm1/1-1/128i-TTL/CLSyesyes6secyes[51] October 2008[52] Built in wide flash adapter and bounce card.
Vivitar 28336m/120 ft at ISO100 (at 35mm)[53] Vivitar Connectorfixed (35mm)1/1 [54] noyesno11secnoAuto Thyristor.
Vivitar 550FD4.5m at ISO100[55] 24m at ISO100[56] Nofixed1/1TTLyesno7secnoAuto Thyristor.

See also

Notes

  1. At ISO 100 and Maximum zoom at F = 1.0. Manufactures value unless otherwise noted.
  2. Normally given as the time it takes from full power to full power shot, with fresh alkaline batteries
  3. Web site: Cactus Wireless Flash RF60 CACTUS. Cactus image, Harvest-one Limited. cactus-image.com. 2016-07-26.
  4. HSS Sympathy mode provides HSS support when working with TTL flashes
  5. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_270ex_ii#Specifications Specifications
  6. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_320ex#Specifications Specifications
  7. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_430ex_ii#Specifications Specifications
  8. Web site: Shop Canon Cameras, Speedlite Flashes | Canon U.S.A, Inc . Canon . 3 November 2011 . 28 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111028013640/http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_580ex_ii#Specifications . dead .
  9. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/professional/products/professional_cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_600ex_rt Professional cameras
  10. Web site: LumoPro LP160 Manual Flash . www.mpex.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100604053443/http://www.mpex.com/browse.cfm/4,14648.html . 2010-06-04.
  11. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20110817132945/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-36-af-4-digital/product-information.html. 2011-08-17. dead.
  12. Available in Canon, Nikon, Olympus/Panasonic, Pentax/Samsung, Sony models
  13. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20110828002204/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-48-af-1-digital/product-information.html. 2011-08-28. dead.
  14. Available in Canon, Nikon/Fujifilm, 4/3, Pentax/Samsung, Sony models
  15. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727162626/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-58-af-1-digital/product-information.html. 2010-07-27. dead.
  16. Web site: SB-600 AF Speedlight Unit from Nikon . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111951/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Flashes/4802/SB-600-AF-Speedlight-Unit.html . 2008-12-02 . dead .
  17. 35mm zoom-head position, 20 C/68 F
  18. Web site: Nikon Imaging Products SB-900. imaging.nikon.com. 2016-07-26.
  19. Web site: SB-900 AF Speedlight from Nikon . 2010-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100209232354/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Flashes/4807/SB-900-AF-Speedlight.html#Tech%20Specs . 2010-02-09 . dead .
  20. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di622 Introduction. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  21. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di622 Mark II Introduction. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  22. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di866 INTRODUCTION. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  23. http://www.pentaximaging.com/accessories/AF200FG/ Pentax AF-200FG
  24. Web site: AF360FGZ II Ricoh Imaging. pentaximaging.com. 2016-07-26.
  25. Web site: AF540FGZ II Ricoh Imaging. pentaximaging.com. 2016-07-26.
  26. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134924/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3256 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  27. Available in Sigma, Nikon, Canon, Minolta and Pentax models
  28. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134929/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3257 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  29. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134939/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3266 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  30. Available in Sigma, Nikon, Canon, Sony and Pentax models
  31. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219140104/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3263 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  32. Web site: Strobist: The Return of a Classic?. strobist.blogspot.com. 2016-07-26.
  33. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  34. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  35. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  36. Web site: Yongnuo YN-465 Flash Review (digital AF speedlite) Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  37. Web site: Yongnuo YN-468II E-TTL Speedlite Flash "Mark 2" Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  38. Web site: Yongnuo YN-560 Speedlite Review Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2017-12-18.
  39. Web site: Yongnuo YN-560 II Speedlite Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2017-12-18.
  40. Web site: YN560IV vs YN560III - whats the diff? DiyPhotographyStuff. 4 April 2015. diyphotographystuff.info. 2017-12-18.
  41. Web site: YN 560III Speedlight Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  42. Web site: Yongnuo 560iv Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  43. Web site: Yongnuo YN-565 EX Flash Review Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  44. Web site: YONGNUO HIGH-SPPEED SYNC FLASH SPEEDLITE YN-568EX/C_Flash_Flash-Speedlight-LED Light-Flash Trigger-TTL Remote Cord-Wireless Shutter Release-Flash Equipment - YONGNUO photographic equipment Co., Ltd. en.yongnuo.com.cn. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20160719102510/http://en.yongnuo.com.cn/goods-92-YONGNUO+HIGH-SPPEED+SYNC+FLASH+SPEEDLITE+YN-568EXC.html. 2016-07-19. dead.
  45. Web site: 585ex Pentax Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  46. http://downloads.canon.com/cpr/software/camera/580EX.pdf Canon Speedlite 580ex
  47. Web site: LumoPro LP120 Manual Flash . www.mpex.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090313102822/http://www.mpex.com//browse.cfm//4,12311.html . 2009-03-13.
  48. Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-26 User Manual
  49. Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-28 User Manual
  50. Web site: SB-800 AF Speedlight from Nikon. nikonusa.com. 2016-07-26.
  51. Web site: Strobist: Unlock The Superslave in Your Nikon SB-800. strobist.blogspot.com. 2016-07-26.
  52. Web site: Nikon drops SB-800 flash Nikon Rumors. 27 October 2008. nikonrumors.com. 2016-07-26.
  53. Vivitar 283 Electronic Flash manual, October 1977
  54. 1/1-1/32 with VP-1 http://www.photonomikon.com/index.php/vivitar-vp-1-varipower-adapter-review/
  55. Web site: Ted Felix: Photography Technique. tedfelix.com. 2016-07-26.
  56. Web site: Vivitar Flash Comparison. bhphotovideo.com. 2016-07-26.

References

  1. At ISO 100 and Maximum zoom at F = 1.0. Manufactures value unless otherwise noted.
  2. Normally given as the time it takes from full power to full power shot, with fresh alkaline batteries
  3. Web site: Cactus Wireless Flash RF60 CACTUS. Cactus image, Harvest-one Limited. cactus-image.com. 2016-07-26.
  4. HSS Sympathy mode provides HSS support when working with TTL flashes
  5. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_270ex_ii#Specifications Specifications
  6. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_320ex#Specifications Specifications
  7. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_430ex_ii#Specifications Specifications
  8. Web site: Shop Canon Cameras, Speedlite Flashes | Canon U.S.A, Inc . Canon . 3 November 2011 . 28 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111028013640/http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/consumer/products/cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_580ex_ii#Specifications . dead .
  9. http://www.usa.canon.com/cusa/professional/products/professional_cameras/speedlite_flash_lineup/speedlite_600ex_rt Professional cameras
  10. Web site: LumoPro LP160 Manual Flash . www.mpex.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100604053443/http://www.mpex.com/browse.cfm/4,14648.html . 2010-06-04.
  11. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20110817132945/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-36-af-4-digital/product-information.html. 2011-08-17. dead.
  12. Available in Canon, Nikon, Olympus/Panasonic, Pentax/Samsung, Sony models
  13. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20110828002204/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-48-af-1-digital/product-information.html. 2011-08-28. dead.
  14. Available in Canon, Nikon/Fujifilm, 4/3, Pentax/Samsung, Sony models
  15. Web site: Product information. metz.de. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727162626/http://www.metz.de/en/photo-electronics/mecablitz-models/system-flash-units/mecablitz-58-af-1-digital/product-information.html. 2010-07-27. dead.
  16. Web site: SB-600 AF Speedlight Unit from Nikon . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111951/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Flashes/4802/SB-600-AF-Speedlight-Unit.html . 2008-12-02 . dead .
  17. 35mm zoom-head position, 20 C/68 F
  18. Web site: Nikon Imaging Products SB-900. imaging.nikon.com. 2016-07-26.
  19. Web site: SB-900 AF Speedlight from Nikon . 2010-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100209232354/http://www.nikonusa.com/Find-Your-Nikon/Product/Flashes/4807/SB-900-AF-Speedlight.html#Tech%20Specs . 2010-02-09 . dead .
  20. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di622 Introduction. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  21. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di622 Mark II Introduction. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  22. Web site: Nissin Digital Flash: Di866 INTRODUCTION. nissindigital.com. 2016-07-26.
  23. http://www.pentaximaging.com/accessories/AF200FG/ Pentax AF-200FG
  24. Web site: AF360FGZ II Ricoh Imaging. pentaximaging.com. 2016-07-26.
  25. Web site: AF540FGZ II Ricoh Imaging. pentaximaging.com. 2016-07-26.
  26. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134924/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3256 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  27. Available in Sigma, Nikon, Canon, Minolta and Pentax models
  28. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134929/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3257 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  29. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219134939/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3266 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  30. Available in Sigma, Nikon, Canon, Sony and Pentax models
  31. Web site: Sigma - Flashes . 2008-12-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081219140104/http://www.sigma-photo.com/flashes/flashes_flashes_details.asp?id=3263 . 2008-12-19 . dead .
  32. Web site: Strobist: The Return of a Classic?. strobist.blogspot.com. 2016-07-26.
  33. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  34. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  35. Web site: Flickr. flickr.com. 2016-07-26.
  36. Web site: Yongnuo YN-465 Flash Review (digital AF speedlite) Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  37. Web site: Yongnuo YN-468II E-TTL Speedlite Flash "Mark 2" Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  38. Web site: Yongnuo YN-560 Speedlite Review Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2017-12-18.
  39. Web site: Yongnuo YN-560 II Speedlite Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2017-12-18.
  40. Web site: YN560IV vs YN560III - whats the diff? DiyPhotographyStuff. 4 April 2015. diyphotographystuff.info. 2017-12-18.
  41. Web site: YN 560III Speedlight Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  42. Web site: Yongnuo 560iv Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  43. Web site: Yongnuo YN-565 EX Flash Review Speedlights.net. speedlights.net. 2016-07-26.
  44. Web site: YONGNUO HIGH-SPPEED SYNC FLASH SPEEDLITE YN-568EX/C_Flash_Flash-Speedlight-LED Light-Flash Trigger-TTL Remote Cord-Wireless Shutter Release-Flash Equipment - YONGNUO photographic equipment Co., Ltd. en.yongnuo.com.cn. 2016-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20160719102510/http://en.yongnuo.com.cn/goods-92-YONGNUO+HIGH-SPPEED+SYNC+FLASH+SPEEDLITE+YN-568EXC.html. 2016-07-19. dead.
  45. Web site: 585ex Pentax Yongnuo USA. yongnuousa.net. 2017-12-18.
  46. http://downloads.canon.com/cpr/software/camera/580EX.pdf Canon Speedlite 580ex
  47. Web site: LumoPro LP120 Manual Flash . www.mpex.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090313102822/http://www.mpex.com//browse.cfm//4,12311.html . 2009-03-13.
  48. Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-26 User Manual
  49. Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-28 User Manual
  50. Web site: SB-800 AF Speedlight from Nikon. nikonusa.com. 2016-07-26.
  51. Web site: Strobist: Unlock The Superslave in Your Nikon SB-800. strobist.blogspot.com. 2016-07-26.
  52. Web site: Nikon drops SB-800 flash Nikon Rumors. 27 October 2008. nikonrumors.com. 2016-07-26.
  53. Vivitar 283 Electronic Flash manual, October 1977
  54. 1/1-1/32 with VP-1 http://www.photonomikon.com/index.php/vivitar-vp-1-varipower-adapter-review/
  55. Web site: Ted Felix: Photography Technique. tedfelix.com. 2016-07-26.
  56. Web site: Vivitar Flash Comparison. bhphotovideo.com. 2016-07-26.

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