| Eastern Khanty | |
| Familycolor: | uralic |
| Nativename: | қӑнтәк кӧԯ (ӄӑнтәк кӧԓ) (Surgut dialect) [1] Ӄӑнтәӽ |
| States: | Russia |
| Ethnicity: | <1,000 eastern Khanty |
| Region: | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| Speakers: | <1,000 |
| Date: | 1993 |
| Fam2: | Finno-Ugric? |
| Fam3: | Ugric? |
| Fam4: | Khanty |
| Dia2: | Surgut |
| Dia3: | Vakh-Vasyugan |
| Dia1: | Salym |
| Map: | File:6-Ob_Ugric-languages.png |
| Mapcaption: | Map of Khanty and Mansi varieties in the early 20th century, with |
| Linglist: | 1ok |
| Linglist2: | kca-eas |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glottoname: | Eastern Khanty |
| Glotto: | east2774 |
| Elp: | 8550 |
| Script: | Cyrillic |
| Minority: | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (all Khanty varieties) |
Eastern Khanty is a Uralic language, frequently considered a dialect of a Khanty language, spoken by about 1,000 people.[2] [3] [4] [5] The majority of these speakers speak the Surgut dialect, as the Vakh-Vasyugan and Salym varieties have been rapidly declining in favor of Russian.[6] The former two have been used as literary languages since the late 20th century, with Surgut being more widely used due to its less isolated location and higher number of speakers.
Classification of Eastern Khanty dialects:
The Vakh, Vasyugan, Alexandrovo and Yugan (Jugan) dialects have less than 300 speakers in total.[7]
The Salym dialect can be classified as transitional between Eastern and Southern (Honti 1998 suggests closer affinity with Eastern, Abondolo 1998 in the same work with Southern). The Atlym and Nizyam dialects also show some Southern features.
Eastern Khanty pronounced as /link/ corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in the northern and southern languages.
Vakh has the richest vowel inventory, with five reduced vowels pronounced as //ĕ ø̆ ə̆ ɑ̆ ŏ// and full pronounced as //i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ//. Some researchers also report pronounced as //œ ɔ//.
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Affricate | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Trill | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| Semivowel | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
Surgut Khanty has five reduced vowels pronounced as //æ̆ ə̆ ɵ̆ ʉ̆ ɑ̆ ŏ// and full vowels pronounced as //i e a ɒ o u ɯ//.
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive / Affricate | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ ~ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Fricative | central | pronounced as /ink/ | (pronounced as /ink/) | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
| lateral | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | (pronounced as /ink/) | ||||
| Trill | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||
| Ӑ ӑ | Ӓ ӓ | В в | И и | Й й | К к | Қ қ | Л л | ||
| Љ љ | Ԯ ԯ | М м | Н н | Њ њ | Ң ң | О о | Ө ө | Ө̆ ө̆ | |
| Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | | У у | Ў ў | Ӱ ӱ | |
| Ҳ ҳ | Ҷ ҷ | Ш ш | Ы ы | Э э | Ә ә |
The Khanty letters with a tick or tail at bottom, namely Қ Ԯ Ң Ҳ Ҷ, are sometimes rendered with a diagonal tail, i.e. (Ӆ Ӊ), and sometimes with a curved tail, i.e. (Ӄ Ӈ Ԓ Ӽ). However, in the case of Surgut such graphic variation needs to be handled by the font, because there are no Unicode characters to hard-code Ҷ with a diagonal tail, and Unicode has refused a request to encode a variant of Ҷ with a curved tail (approximated in unicode as Ч̡ч̡), the reasoning being that it would be an allograph rather than a distinct letter. (The same is true of the other curved-tail variants in Unicode; those were encoded by mistake.)[8]
The Vakh dialect is divergent. It has rigid vowel harmony and a tripartite (ergative–accusative) case system, where the subject of a transitive verb takes the instrumental case suffix -nə-, while the object takes the accusative case suffix. The subject of an intransitive verb, however, is not marked for case and might be said to be absolutive. The transitive verb agrees with the subject, as in nominative–accusative systems.
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