EMR1 explained

EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 also known as F4/80 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

EMR1 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family[6] [7] characterized by an extended extracellular region containing EGF-like domains. EMR1 is predominantly expressed on the surface of macrophages and plays a significant role in immune response modulation and inflammation. Its expression has been linked to various inflammatory diseases.

Structure

Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.[8]

The N-terminal fragment (NTF) of EMR1 contains 4-6 Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF-like) domains in human and 4-7 EGF-like domains in the mouse.[9]

Tissue distribution

EMR1 expression in human is restricted to eosinophils and is a specific marker for these cells.[10] The murine homolog of EMR1, F4/80, is a well-known and widely used marker of murine macrophage populations.[11]

Function

F4/80 is not necessary for the development of tissue macrophages but is required for the induction of efferent CD8+ regulatory T cells needed for peripheral tolerance.[12]

Clinical significance

EMR1 can serve as a therapeutic target for depletion of these cells in eosinophilic disorders by using afucosylated antibodies.[13]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Baud V, Chissoe SL, Viegas-Péquignot E, Diriong S, N'Guyen VC, Roe BA, Lipinski M . EMR1, an unusual member in the family of hormone receptors with seven transmembrane segments . Genomics . 26 . 2 . 334–344 . March 1995 . 7601460 . 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80218-B .
  2. McKnight AJ, Gordon S . The EGF-TM7 family: unusual structures at the leukocyte surface . Journal of Leukocyte Biology . 63 . 3 . 271–280 . March 1998 . 9500513 . 10.1002/jlb.63.3.271 . 6497890 .
  3. Web site: Entrez Gene: EMR1 egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 1.
  4. Leenen PJ, de Bruijn MF, Voerman JS, Campbell PA, van Ewijk W . Markers of mouse macrophage development detected by monoclonal antibodies . Journal of Immunological Methods . 174 . 1–2 . 5–19 . September 1994 . 8083537 . 10.1016/0022-1759(94)90005-1 . free . 1765/71089 .
  5. Hamann J, Aust G, Araç D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Fredriksson R, Hall RA, Harty BL, Kirchhoff C, Knapp B, Krishnan A, Liebscher I, Lin HH, Martinelli DC, Monk KR, Peeters MC, Piao X, Prömel S, Schöneberg T, Schwartz TW, Singer K, Stacey M, Ushkaryov YA, Vallon M, Wolfrum U, Wright MW, Xu L, Langenhan T, Schiöth HB . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors . Pharmacological Reviews . 67 . 2 . 338–367 . April 2015 . 25713288 . 4394687 . 10.1124/pr.114.009647 .
  6. Book: Stacey M, Yona S . Adhesion-GPCRs: Structure to Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology) . Springer . Berlin . 2011 . 978-1-4419-7912-4 .
  7. Langenhan T, Aust G, Hamann J . Sticky signaling--adhesion class G protein-coupled receptors take the stage . Science Signaling . 6 . 276 . re3 . May 2013 . 23695165 . 10.1126/scisignal.2003825 . 6958640 .
  8. Araç D, Boucard AA, Bolliger MF, Nguyen J, Soltis SM, Südhof TC, Brunger AT . A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis . The EMBO Journal . 31 . 6 . 1364–1378 . March 2012 . 22333914 . 3321182 . 10.1038/emboj.2012.26 .
  9. Gordon S, Hamann J, Lin HH, Stacey M . F4/80 and the related adhesion-GPCRs . European Journal of Immunology . 41 . 9 . 2472–2476 . September 2011 . 21952799 . 10.1002/eji.201141715 . free .
  10. Hamann J, Koning N, Pouwels W, Ulfman LH, van Eijk M, Stacey M, Lin HH, Gordon S, Kwakkenbos MJ . EMR1, the human homolog of F4/80, is an eosinophil-specific receptor . European Journal of Immunology . 37 . 10 . 2797–2802 . October 2007 . 17823986 . 10.1002/eji.200737553 . free .
  11. Austyn JM, Gordon S . F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage . European Journal of Immunology . 11 . 10 . 805–815 . October 1981 . 7308288 . 10.1002/eji.1830111013 . 8426640 .
  12. Lin HH, Faunce DE, Stacey M, Terajewicz A, Nakamura T, Zhang-Hoover J, Kerley M, Mucenski ML, Gordon S, Stein-Streilein J . The macrophage F4/80 receptor is required for the induction of antigen-specific efferent regulatory T cells in peripheral tolerance . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 201 . 10 . 1615–1625 . May 2005 . 15883173 . 2212925 . 10.1084/jem.20042307 .
  13. Legrand F, Tomasevic N, Simakova O, Lee CC, Wang Z, Raffeld M, Makiya MA, Palath V, Leung J, Baer M, Yarranton G, Maric I, Bebbington C, Klion AD . The eosinophil surface receptor epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 1 (EMR1): a novel therapeutic target for eosinophilic disorders . The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology . 133 . 5 . 1439–47, 1447.e1–8 . May 2014 . 24530099 . 4113341 . 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.041 .

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