F2RL2 explained

Protease activated receptor 3 (PAR-3) also known as coagulation factor II receptor-like 2 (F2RL2) and thrombin receptor-like 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the F2RL2 gene.

Function

Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2 (F2RL2) is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane receptors that couple to G proteins. F2RL2 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family and activated by thrombin. F2RL2 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus. The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. F2RL2 is a cofactor for F2RL3 activation by thrombin. It mediates thrombin-triggered phosphoinositide hydrolysis and is expressed in a variety of tissues.^[1]

See also

• Protease-activated receptor

Further reading

• Hollenberg MD, Compton SJ . International Union of Pharmacology. XXVIII. Proteinase-activated receptors. . Pharmacol. Rev. . 54 . 2 . 203–17 . 2002 . 12037136 . 10.1124/pr.54.2.203 . 3188040 .
• Ishihara H, Connolly AJ, Zeng D . Protease-activated receptor 3 is a second thrombin receptor in humans. . Nature . 386 . 6624 . 502–6 . 1997 . 9087410 . 10.1038/386502a0 . 1997Natur.386..502I . 4359291 . etal.
• Schmidt VA, Nierman WC, Maglott DR . Donna R. Maglott. The human proteinase-activated receptor-3 (PAR-3) gene. Identification within a Par gene cluster and characterization in vascular endothelial cells and platelets. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 24 . 15061–8 . 1998 . 9614115 . 10.1074/jbc.273.24.15061 . etal. free .
• Xu WF, Andersen H, Whitmore TE . Cloning and characterization of human protease-activated receptor 4 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 95 . 12 . 6642–6 . 1998 . 9618465 . 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6642 . 22580 . 1998PNAS...95.6642X . etal. free .
• Guyonnet Dupérat V, Jacquelin B, Boisseau P . Protease-activated receptor genes are clustered on 5q13 . Blood . 92 . 1 . 25–31 . 1998 . 9639495 . 10.1182/blood.V92.1.25.413k41_25_31. etal.
• Kahn ML, Zheng YW, Huang W . A dual thrombin receptor system for platelet activation . Nature . 394 . 6694 . 690–4 . 1998 . 9716134 . 10.1038/29325 . 1998Natur.394..690K . 4408582 . etal.
• Kahn ML, Hammes SR, Botka C, Coughlin SR . Gene and locus structure and chromosomal localization of the protease-activated receptor gene family . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 36 . 23290–6 . 1998 . 9722561 . 10.1074/jbc.273.36.23290 . free .
• Kahn ML, Nakanishi-Matsui M, Shapiro MJ . Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate activation of human platelets by thrombin . J. Clin. Invest. . 103 . 6 . 879–87 . 1999 . 10079109 . 10.1172/JCI6042 . 408153 . etal.
• Hauck RW, Schulz C, Schömig A . alpha-Thrombin stimulates contraction of human bronchial rings by activation of protease-activated receptors . Am. J. Physiol. . 277 . 1 Pt 1 . L22–9 . 1999 . 10409227 . 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.1.L22. etal.
• Nakanishi-Matsui M, Zheng YW, Sulciner DJ . PAR3 is a cofactor for PAR4 activation by thrombin . Nature . 404 . 6778 . 609–13 . 2000 . 10766244 . 10.1038/35007085 . 2000Natur.404..609N . 4410800 . etal.
• O'Brien PJ, Prevost N, Molino M . Thrombin responses in human endothelial cells. Contributions from receptors other than PAR1 include the transactivation of PAR2 by thrombin-cleaved PAR1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 18 . 13502–9 . 2000 . 10788464 . 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13502 . etal. free .
• Cumashi A, Ansuini H, Celli N . Neutrophil proteases can inactivate human PAR3 and abolish the co-receptor function of PAR3 on murine platelets . Thromb. Haemost. . 85 . 3 . 533–8 . 2001 . 11307827 . 10.1055/s-0037-1615617. 37320447 . etal.
• Sambrano GR, Weiss EJ, Zheng YW . Role of thrombin signalling in platelets in haemostasis and thrombosis . Nature . 413 . 6851 . 74–8 . 2001 . 11544528 . 10.1038/35092573 . 2001Natur.413...74S . 4327515 . etal.
• Miike S, McWilliam AS, Kita H . Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2 . J. Immunol. . 167 . 11 . 6615–22 . 2002 . 11714832 . 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6615. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Even-Ram SC, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Pruss D . The pattern of expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) during early trophoblast development . J. Pathol. . 200 . 1 . 47–52 . 2003 . 12692840 . 10.1002/path.1338 . 23097607 . etal.
• Owen WG . PAR-3 is a low-affinity substrate, high affinity effector of thrombin . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 305 . 1 . 166–8 . 2003 . 12732212 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00732-0 .
• Tanaka N, Morita T, Nezu A . Thrombin-induced Ca2+ mobilization in human gingival fibroblasts is mediated by protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) . Life Sci. . 73 . 3 . 301–10 . 2003 . 12757837 . 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00269-8 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: F2RL2 coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2.