Expedition 61 Explained

Expedition 61 was the 61st Expedition to the International Space Station, which began on 3 October 2019 with the undocking of the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft.^[2] The Expedition was commanded by ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano, who became the third European and first Italian astronaut to command the ISS.^[3] Parmitano, along with his Soyuz MS-13 colleagues Aleksandr Skvortsov and Andrew Morgan, and Christina Koch from Soyuz MS-12, transferred over from Expedition 60. They were joined by Oleg Skripochka and Jessica Meir, who launched on 25 September 2019 on board Soyuz MS-15.^[4]

Crew

Position	Crew member
Commander	Luca Parmitano, ESA Second spaceflight
Flight Engineer 1	Aleksandr Skvortsov, RSA Third and last spaceflight
Flight Engineer 2	Andrew Morgan, NASA First spaceflight
Flight Engineer 3	Christina Koch, NASA First spaceflight
Flight Engineer 4	Oleg Skripochka, RSA Third spaceflight
Flight Engineer 5	align=center	Jessica Meir, NASA First spaceflight

Other crewed spaceflights to the ISS

According to a Flight Planning Integration Panel (FPIP) document obtained by NASAspaceflight.com in June 2019, Expedition 61 was tentatively scheduled to see two visits from Commercial Crew Development spacecraft.^[5] However, schedule slippages meant these visits will not occur.

• The Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission with American astronauts Bob Behnken and Douglas Hurley had a planning date for a 15 November 2019 launch and 22 November landing, with a brief stay on the ISS in between.
• The Boeing Crewed Flight Test of the Starliner capsule had a planning date for a 30 November 2019 launch. It was proposed American astronauts Mike Finke, Nicole Mann, and Chris Ferguson would dock to the International Space Station on 1 December and remain on the station until May 2020; it was unclear if these astronauts would have been formally considered ISS visitors, part of the Expedition 61 crew, or prompt the start of Expedition 62.

Spacewalks

Expedition 61 crew conducted nine spacewalks, more than in any other increment in the history of the ISS.

Four spacewalks were conducted to repair the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. The repairs were conducted by ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano and NASA astronaut Andrew Morgan. Both of them were assisted by NASA astronauts Christina Koch and Jessica Meir who operated the Canadarm2 robotic arm from inside the Station. The spacewalks were described as the "most challenging since Hubble repairs".^{[6] [7] [8]}

There were multiple spacewalks in order to repair and improve ISS batteries. On 18 October 2019 Christina Koch and Jessica Meir took the first all female spacewalk in history.^[9]

Notes and References

1. Web site: ISS Expedition 61 . spacefacts.de . 15 December 2020 . 6 November 2021.
2. News: Multinational Trio Undocks from Station, Heads Home to Earth . NASA . 3 October 2019.
3. Web site: Luca Parmitano goes Beyond. European Space Agency. 27 September 2018.
4. Web site: NASA Announces First Flight, Record-Setting Mission . NASA . 16 April 2019.
5. News: Gebhardt . Chris . Station mission planning reveals new target Commercial Crew launch dates – NASASpaceFlight.com . NASASpaceflight.com . 20 June 2019.
6. Web site: Luca to lead most challenging spacewalks since Hubble repairs. www.esa.int. en. 2020-01-26.
7. Web site: Astronauts Wrap Up Spacewalk Repair Job on Cosmic Ray Detector – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. en-US. 2020-01-26.
8. Web site: NASA astronauts complete space-walk to fix cosmic ray detector. Crowcroft. Orlando. 2020-01-25. euronews. en. 2020-01-26.
9. Web site: NASA Astronauts Wrap Up Historic All-Woman Spacewalk. Garcia. Marc. 2019-10-18. NASA.