Eunica Explained

Eunica is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm.

These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spots.^[1]

Species

The genus contains the following species, listed alphabetically:^{[2] [3] [4]}

• Eunica Chepkorir Rono (Doubleday, [1847])
• Eunica alpais (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica amelia (Cramer, [1777])
• Eunica amycla (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica anna (Cramer, 1780)
• Eunica araucana C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica bechina (Hewitson, 1852)
• Eunica brunnea Salvin, 1869
• Eunica caelina (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica caralis (Hewitson, 1857)
• Eunica carias (Hewitson, 1857)
• Eunica chlorochroa (Salvin, 1869) - Mira purplewing
• Eunica clytia (Hewitson, 1852)
• Eunica concordia (Hewitson, 1852) – sandbar purplewing
• Eunica cuvierii (Godart, [1819]) – Cuvier's purplewing
• Eunica eburnea Fruhstorfer, 1907
• Eunica elegans Salvin, 1869
• Eunica eurota (Cramer, [1775])
• Eunica evelide Bates, 1864
• Eunica incognita Jenkins, 1990
• Eunica ingens Seitz, 1915
• Eunica interphasis Jenkins, 1990
• Eunica heraclites Gundlach, 1881
• Eunica macris (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica maja (Fabricius, 1775)
• Eunica malvina Bates, 1864 – Malvina purplewing
• Eunica margarita (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica marsolia (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica mira Godman & Salvin, 1877
• Eunica monima (Stoll, [1782]) - dingy purplewing
• Eunica mygdonia (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica norica (Hewitson, 1852) – Norica purplewing
• Eunica olympias C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica orphise (Cramer, [1775])
• Eunica phasis C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica pomona (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) – rounded purplewing
• Eunica pusilla Bates, 1864 - pusilla purplewing
• Eunica sophonisba (Cramer, [1782]) – glorious purplewing
• Eunica sydonia (Godart, [1824]) – Godart's purplewing
• Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schaeffer, [1855]) – Florida purplewing
• Eunica venusia (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
• Eunica veronica Bates, 1864
• Eunica viola Bates, 1864
• Eunica violetta Staudinger, [1885]
• Eunica volumna (Godart, [1824])

References

• Jenkins, D. W. 1990. Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 131:1-175.
• Lamas, G. (ed.) 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. (Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea to Papilionoidea). Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida.

External links

• Eunica, Tree of Life

Notes and References

1. Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Silva-Brandão, K.L., Willmott, K., Freitas, A.V.L., Wahlberg, N. and Brower, A.V.Z. (2024), Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution. Cladistics, 40: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12556
2. http://www.nymphalidae.net/Classification/Epicaliini.htm Epicaliini
3. http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/biblidinae/eunica/ "Eunica Hübner, [1819]"] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
4. http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Amazon%20thumbs%20-%20Nymphalidae%201.htm Identification Guide - Nymphalidae 1