ERLIN1 explained

Erlin-1 (Endoplasmic Reticulum lipid raft-associated 1) is a protein encoded by the ERLIN1 gene in humans.^{[1] [2] [3]} ERLIN1 and its homolog ERLIN2 are ER-localized members of the stomatin/prohibition/flotillin/HflKC (SPFH) family of proteins. They form a complex that functions to scaffold lipids and proteins.^[4] ERLIN1 and ERLIN2 are predicted to assemble in a large ring-shaped hetero-oligomeric complex, likely formed by 24 subunits, similar to other members of the SPFH family.^{[5] [6]}

Function

ERLIN1/2 are associated with cholesterol homeostasis. They interact with the SCAP–SREBP2–INSIG complex tightly under cholesterol repletion conditions, thus keeping this complex in the ER, where it is inactive. Silencing of ERLINs releases SREBP2 from the ER and allows it to travel to the Golgi, where it is processed and drives transcription of cholesterol synthesis genes. Activation of the SREBP2 pathway is as potent under ERLINs silencing as it is under cholesterol depletion conditions.^[7]

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10 . Nature . 429 . 6990 . 375–81 . 2004 . 15164054 . 10.1038/nature02462 . 2004Natur.429..375D . etal. free .
• Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M . Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions . Genome Res. . 14 . 9 . 1711–8 . 2004 . 15342556 . 10.1101/gr.2435604 . 515316 . etal.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Li N, Huang X, Zhao Z, Chen G, Zhang W, Cao X . Identification and characterization of a novel gene KE04 differentially expressed by activated human dendritic cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 279 . 2 . 487–93 . Feb 2001 . 11118313 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3935 .
2. Browman DT, Resek ME, Zajchowski LD, Robbins SM . Erlin-1 and erlin-2 are novel members of the prohibitin family of proteins that define lipid-raft-like domains of the ER . J Cell Sci . 119 . Pt 15 . 3149–60 . Jul 2006 . 16835267 . 10.1242/jcs.03060 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ERLIN1 ER lipid raft associated 1.
4. Browman . Duncan T. . Hoegg . Maja B. . Robbins . Stephen M. . The SPFH domain-containing proteins: more than lipid raft markers . Trends in Cell Biology . August 2007 . 17 . 8 . 394–402 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.06.005 .
5. Qiao . Zhu . Yokoyama . Tatsuhiko . Yan . Xin-Fu . Beh . Ing Tsyr . Shi . Jian . Basak . Sandip . Akiyama . Yoshinori . Gao . Yong-Gui . Cryo-EM structure of the entire FtsH-HflKC AAA protease complex . Cell Reports . May 2022 . 39 . 9 . 110890 . 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110890. 10356/160820 . free .
6. Yokoyama . Hideshi . Matsui . Ikuo . Higher‐order structure formation using refined monomer structures of lipid raft markers, Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK /C‐related proteins . FEBS Open Bio . May 2023 . 13 . 5 . 926–937 . 10.1002/2211-5463.13593. 10153343 .
7. Huber . Michael D. . Vesely . Paul W. . Datta . Kaustuv . Gerace . Larry . Erlins restrict SREBP activation in the ER and regulate cellular cholesterol homeostasis . Journal of Cell Biology . 11 November 2013 . 203 . 3 . 427–436 . 10.1083/jcb.201305076.