Dead Sea salt refers to salt and other mineral deposits extracted or taken from the Dead Sea. The composition of this material differs significantly from oceanic salt.
Dead Sea salt was used by the peoples of Ancient Egypt[1] and it has been utilized in various unguents, skin creams, and soaps since then.[2]
The Dead Sea's mineral composition varies with season, rainfall, depth of deposit, and ambient temperature. Most oceanic salt is approximately 85 wt.% sodium chloride (the same salt as table salt) while Dead Sea salt is only 30.5 wt.% of this, with the remainder composed of other dried minerals and salts. The concentrations of the major ions present in the Dead Sea water are given in the following table:
| Ion | Concentration (g/L) | |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride and Bromide | 230.4 | |
| Magnesium | 45.9 | |
| Sodium | 36.6 | |
| Calcium | 17.6 | |
| Potassium | 7.8 |
The main detritic minerals present in the Dead Sea mud were carried by runoff streams flowing into the Dead Sea. They constituted large mud deposits intermixed with salt layers during the Holocene era. Their elemental composition expressed as equivalent oxides (except for Cl– and Br–) is given here below:
| Mineral* | Content (wt. %) | |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon dioxide | 20 | |
| Calcium oxide | 15.5 | |
| Aluminum oxide | 4.8 | |
| Magnesium oxide | 4.5 | |
| Iron(III) oxide | 2.8 | |
| Sodium oxide | 1.7 | |
| Potassium oxide | 1.3 | |
| Titanium(IV) oxide | 0.5 | |
| Sulfur trioxide | 0.4 | |
| Phosphorus pentoxide | 0.3 | |
| Chloride | 6.7 | |
| Bromide | 0.2 |
Dead Sea salts have been claimed to treat the following conditions:
Rheumatologic conditions can be treated in the balneotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. The minerals are absorbed while soaking, stimulating blood circulation.[4]
Skin disorders such as acne and psoriasis may be relieved by regularly soaking the affected area in water with added Dead Sea salt. The National Psoriasis Foundation recommends Dead Sea and Dead Sea salts as effective treatments for psoriasis.[5] [6] High concentration of magnesium in Dead Sea salt may be helpful in improving skin hydration and reducing inflammation,[7] although Epsom salt is a much less expensive salt that also contains high amounts of magnesium and therefore may be equally as useful for this purpose.
The high concentration of bromide and magnesium in the Dead Sea salt may help relieve allergic reactions of the skin by reducing inflammation.
Dead Sea salt may reduce the depth of skin wrinkling, a form of skin ageing.