| Cranberry River | |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | West Virginia |
| Subdivision Type3: | Counties |
| Subdivision Name3: | Pocahontas, Webster, Nicholas |
| Length Mi: | 24 |
| Discharge1 Location: | near Richwood[1] |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 233.6cuft/s (USGS water years 1945-2019) |
| Discharge1 Max: | 318cuft/s (water year 1979) |
| Discharge1 Min: | 126.2cuft/s (water year 1999) |
| Discharge2 Location: | mouth[2] |
| Discharge2 Avg: | 277.08cuft/s (estimate) |
| Source1: | South Fork Cranberry River |
| Source1 Location: | Cranberry Mountain, Pocahontas County |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 38.2133°N -80.2206°W |
| Source1 Elevation: | 3890feet |
| Source2: | North Fork Cranberry River |
| Source2 Location: | Black Mountain, Pocahontas County |
| Source2 Coordinates: | 38.2342°N -80.2422°W |
| Source2 Elevation: | 4364feet |
| Source Confluence Location: | Pocahontas County |
| Source Confluence Coordinates: | 38.2578°N -80.3242°W |
| Source Confluence Elevation: | 3176feet |
| Mouth: | Gauley River |
| Mouth Location: | Woodbine |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 38.2994°N -80.6136°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 1919feet |
| Basin Size Mi2: | 74 |
The Cranberry River is a tributary of the Gauley River located in southeastern West Virginia in the United States.[3] It is a part of the Mississippi River watershed, by way of the Gauley, Kanawha, and Ohio Rivers, draining an area of 74sqmi.[4]
The river has also been known historically as Cranberry Creek.[5] The river was named for cranberry bogs along its course.[6]
The Cranberry River is formed in southwestern Pocahontas County by the confluence of its North and South forks.[5] The South Fork, the longer of the two at a length of,[7] rises on Cranberry Mountain just west of the Highland Scenic Highway before flowing through the Cranberry Glades Botanical Area. The North Fork rises about north on Black Mountain.
Below the confluence of its forks, the Cranberry flows for generally westward towards its mouth at the Gauley River near Craigsville.
The Cranberry River has several pay campgrounds, free campsites, and picnic areas along its banks.[8]
Fish biomass production was reduced three fold and fish diversity was cut almost in half between 1957 and 1987 in the Cranberry River watershed. Although causality was never established, this was attributed to acidification from atmospheric deposition of nitric and sulfuric acid. Flow-driven liming stations were established on the Dogway Fork in 1988 and in 1993 on the North Fork just above its confluence with the South Fork of the Cranberry River. A fishable brook trout population and 13 macroinvertebrate species have been restored to the Dogway Fork since liming has begun. Smallmouth bass and rock bass have been reestablished in the treated part of the river and numbers have increased in the lower reaches.[9]
The Cranberry River and its small tributaries are regarded as some of the finest trout streams in the eastern United States. Until recently, however, trout fishing on the south fork was limited to the lower half of the river due to acid rain. The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources has worked to counter this problem by installing a liming station on the north fork of the river.[10]
At its mouth, the river's estimated mean annual flow rate is 277.08cuft/s. A USGS stream gauge on the creek near Richwood recorded a mean annual discharge of 233.6cuft/s during water years 1945-2019. The highest annual mean discharge during the period was 318cuft/s in water year 1979, and the lowest was 126.2cuft/s in water year 1999. The highest daily mean discharge during that period was 6770cuft/s on March 21, 1984, and the lowest was 0.16cuft/s on August 21, 1987.
