Conospermum longifolium explained

Conospermum longifolium, commonly known as the long leaf smokebush,^[1] is a species of flowering plant of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a dense shrub or undershrub with linear to narrowly lance-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers and velvety, cream-coloured to dark brown nuts.

Description

Conospermum longifolium is a dense shrub or undershrub that typically grows to a height of up to and is covered with fine hairs. The leaves are linear to narrowly lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide, glabrous and sessile. The flowers are arranged in panicles of up to 4 flowers on a peduncle long with glabrous, egg-shaped bracteoles long and wide. The perianth is white, forming a tube long. The upper lip is egg-shaped, long and wide, the lower lip joined for with elliptic lobes long and wide. Flowering occurs in spring, and the fruit is a hairy cream-coloured to dark brown nut long with golden hairs.^[2]

Taxonomy

Conospermum longifolium was first formally described in 1806 by James Edward Smith in his book, Exotic Botany, from a specimen collected from Port Jackson.^{[3] [4]} The specific epithet (longifolium) means 'long-flowered'.^[5]

In 1975, Lawrie Johnson and Donald McGillivray described 3 subspecies of C. longifolium in the journal Telopea, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

• Conospermum longifolium subsp. angustifolium (Meisn.) Lawrie Johnson & McGill.^[6] has linear to narrowly egg-shaped leaves less than wide.^{[7] [8]}
• Conospermum longifolium Sm. subsp. longifolium^[9] has spatula-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped leaves more than wide.^[10]
• Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale L.A.S.Johnson & McGill.^[11] has linear to narrowly egg-shaped leaves more than wide.^[12]

Distribution and habitat

Long leaf smokebush grows in forest, woodland and heath on sandy soils on the coast and ranges of New South Wales between Newcastle, New South Wales and Ulladulla. Subspecies angustifolium is restricted to an area between Waterfall and Appin, subsp. longifolium mainly in coastal area between Port Jackson and Lake Conjola and subp. mediale mainly in the Blue Mountains between Putty and Moss Vale.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Mackay . David . Conospermum longifolium . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 26 September 2024.
2. Web site: Bennett . Eleanor M. . Conospermum longifolium . Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra . 26 September 2024.
3. Web site: Conospermum longifolium . Australian Plant Name Index . 26 September 2024.
4. Book: Smith . James Edward . Exotic Botany . 2 . 1806 . R. Taylor & Co. . Fleet Street, London . 45 . 26 September 2024.
5. Book: George . Alex . Sharr . Francis . Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings . 2021 . Four Gables Press . Kardinya, WA . 9780958034180 . 242 . 4th.
6. Web site: Conospermum longifolium subsp. angustifolium . Australian Plant Census . 26 September 2024.
7. Johnson . Lawrie A.S. . McGillivray . Donald . Conospermum Sm. (Proteaceae) in Eastern Australia. . Telopea . 1975 . 1 . 1 . 63–64 . 26 September 2024.
8. Web site: Mackay . David . Conospermum longifolium subsp. angustifolium . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 26 September 2024.
9. Web site: Conospermum longifolium subsp. longifolium . Australian Plant Census . 26 September 2024.
10. Web site: Mackay . David . Conospermum longifolium subsp. longifolium . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 26 September 2024.
11. Web site: Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale . Australian Plant Census . 26 September 2024.
12. Web site: Mackay . David . Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 26 September 2024.