| Claude Ambrose Taylor | |
| Office: | Chief Justice of South Carolina |
| Termstart: | 1961 |
| Termend: | January 21, 1966 |
| Predecessor: | Taylor Hudnall Stukes |
| Successor: | Joseph Rodney Moss |
| Office2: | Associate Justice of South Carolina |
| Termstart2: | January 1944 |
| Termend2: | 1961 |
| Predecessor2: | David Gordon Baker |
| Successor2: | James Woodrow Lewis |
| Office3: | 50th Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives |
| Termstart3: | 1935 |
| Termend3: | 1936 |
| Predecessor3: | James Gibson |
| Successor3: | Solomon Blatt Sr. |
| Birth Date: | August 24, 1902 |
| Birth Place: | Gilbert, South Carolina, US |
| Spouse: | Mary Young Cooper |
| Alma Mater: | University of South Carolina (LL.B., 1926) |
Claude A. Taylor (1902–1966) was an American politician and jurist who served as chief justice on the South Carolina Supreme Court. He was born in 1902 in Gilbert, South Carolina. He spent ten years serving in the General Assembly of South Carolina including as the House of Representatives' Speaker between 1935 and 1936. In 1944, Taylor gained election to the South Carolina Supreme Court and became its chief justice in 1961. Taylor began the practice of opening sessions of the court with a prayer.[1] He died on January 21, 1966.