The Cebuano numbers are the system of number names used in Cebuano to express quantities and other information related to numbers. Cebuano has two number systems: the native system and the Spanish-derived system. The native system is mostly used for counting small numbers, basic measurement, and for other pre-existing native concepts that deals with numbers. Meanwhile, the Spanish-derived system is mainly used for concepts that only existed post-colonially such as counting large numbers, currency, solar time, and advanced mathematics.
Unlike other Philippine languages, the native number system of Cebuano was derived solely from the non-human forms of Proto-Austronesian numerals instead of a combination of both human and non-human numerals, such as in Tagalog and Hiligaynon.[1] The numbers were first recorded by chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during Magellan's expedition.[2]
| uzza | dua | tolo | upat | lima | onom | pitto | gualu | ciam | polo |
The native numbers are categorized into four types: cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and multiplicative (also referred to as "viceral" or "adverbial").[3] The multiples of ten are formed by attaching the circumfix "ka-ø-an" (e.g. kawaloan). Those that are within the 20-60 range undergo the process of metathesis and syncope (e.g. katloan, from katuloan).
| Number | Native | Spanish-derived | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | usá | uno | |
| 2 | duhá | dos | |
| 3 | tuló | tres | |
| 4 | upát | kwatro | |
| 5 | limá | singku | |
| 6 | unóm | says | |
| 7 | pitó | syete, siti | |
| 8 | waló | otso | |
| 9 | siyám | nuybi | |
| 10 | napulò, pulò | dyis | |
| 11 | napúlog usá | onse | |
| 12 | napúlog duhá | dose | |
| 13 | napúlog tuló | trese | |
| 14 | napúlog upát | katórse | |
| 15 | napúlog limá | kinse | |
| 16 | napúlog unóm | diyesiséys, disisays | |
| 17 | napúlog pitó | diyesisiyete, disisiti | |
| 18 | napúlog waló | diyesiyotso, disiutsu | |
| 19 | napúlog siyám | diyesinwebe, disinuybi | |
| 20 | kaluháan (kaduháan) | beynte, baynti | |
| 21 | kaluháag usá | beyntiwuno, bayntiuno | |
| 22 | kaluháag duhá | beyntidos, bayntidus | |
| 23 | kaluháag tuló | beyntitres, bayntitris | |
| 24 | kaluháag upát | beyntikwatro, bayntikwatru | |
| 25 | kaluháag limá | beyntisingko, bayntisingku | |
| 30 | katlóan (katulóan) | treynta, traynta, trinta | |
| 40 | kap-atan (kaupátan) | kwarénta, kwarinta | |
| 50 | kalím-an (kalimáan) | sinkwénta, singkwinta | |
| 60 | kan-óman (kaunóman) | sesenta, sisinta | |
| 70 | kapitóan | seténta, sitinta | |
| 80 | kawalóan | otsénta, utsinta | |
| 90 | kasiyáman | nobénta | |
| 100 | usá ka gatós | siyén, siyento | |
| 200 | duhá ka gatós | dosiyéntos, dosentos | |
| 300 | tuló ka gatós | tresiyéntos, tresentos | |
| 400 | upát ka gatós | kwatrosiyéntos, kwatrosentos | |
| 500 | limá ka gatós | kiniyéntos, kinyentos | |
| 1,000 | usá ka libo, libo | mil | |
| 5,000 | limá ka libo | singko mil | |
| 10,000 | usá ka laksà, napulò ka libo | dyis mil | |
| 50,000 | limá ka laksà, kalím-an ka libo | singkwenta mil | |
| 100,000 | usá ka yaba,[4] usá ka gatós ka líbo | siyén mil | |
| 1,000,000 | usá ka yukót[5] | milyón | |
| 1,000,000,000 | usá ka wakát | bilyón (US-influence, common), mil milyones (rare) |
Like other Visayan languages, cardinal numbers are linked to the noun with the ligature ka.
usá ka tawo a/one person kaluhaan ug usá ka bulan twenty-one months
Ordinal numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ika- prefix, except una.
| Number | Cebuano | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | kina-unhán | |
| 2nd | ikaduhá | |
| 3rd | ikatuló | |
| 4th | ikaupát | |
| 5th | ikalimá | |
| 6th | ikaunóm | |
| 7th | ikapitó | |
| 8th | ikawaló | |
| 9th | ikasiyám | |
| 10th | ikanapulò, ikapulò | |
| 11th | ikanapúlog-usá | |
| 20th | ikakaluháan | |
| 21st | ikakaluháag-usá | |
| 25th | ikakaluháag-limá | |
| 30th | ikakatlóan | |
| 40th | ikakap-atan | |
| 50th | ikakalím-an | |
| 60th | ikakan-óman | |
| 70th | ikakapitóan | |
| 80th | ikakawalóan | |
| 90th | ikakasiyáman | |
| 100th | ikagatós | |
| 200th | ikaduhá ka gatós | |
| 500th | ikalimá ka gatós | |
| 1,000th | ikalibo | |
| 5,000th | ikalimá ka libo | |
| 10,000th | ikalaksà, ikanapulò ka libo | |
| 50,000th | ikalimá ka laksà, ikakalím-an ka libo | |
| 100,000th | ikayaba | |
| 1,000,000th | ikayukót | |
| 1,000,000,000th | ikawakát |
Distributive numbers in Cebuano are formed by attaching the tag- prefix to the numerical root. Irregular words may be formed depending on the number being attached to.
| Number | Cebuano | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | tagsa | |
| 2 | tagurha | |
| 3 | tagutlo, tag-tulo | |
| 4 | tag-upat | |
| 5 | tagilma | |
| 6 | tag-unom | |
| 7 | tagpito | |
| 8 | tagwalo | |
| 9 | tagsiyam | |
| 10 | tagnapulò, tagpulò | |
| 11 | tagnapúlog-usá | |
| 20 | tagkaluháan | |
| 21 | tagkaluháag-usá | |
| 25 | tagkaluháag-limá | |
| 30 | tagkatlóan | |
| 40 | tagkap-atan | |
| 50 | tagkalím-an | |
| 60 | tagkan-óman | |
| 70 | tagkapitóan | |
| 80 | tagkawalóan | |
| 90 | tagkasiyáman | |
| 100 | taggatós | |
| 200 | tagurha ka gatós | |
| 500 | tagilma ka gatós | |
| 1,000 | taglibo | |
| 5,000 | tagilma ka libo | |
| 10,000 | taglaksà, tagnapulò ka libo | |
| 50,000 | tagilma ka laksà, tagkalím-an ka libo | |
| 100,000 | tagyaba | |
| 1,000,000 | tagyukót | |
| 1,000,000,000 | tagwakát |
Multiplicative (or viceral) numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ka- prefix. The prefixes "naka-" and "maka-" may also be used to specify if the number is used in the nasugdan or pagasugdan aspect, respectively.
| Number | Cebuano | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (once) | kausá, kás-a | |
| 2 (twice) | kaduhá | |
| 3 (thrice) | katuló | |
| 4 | kaupát | |
| 5 | kalimá | |
| 6 | kaunóm | |
| 7 | kapitó | |
| 8 | kawaló | |
| 9 | kasiyám | |
| 10 | kanapulò, kapulò | |
| 11 | kanapúlog-usá | |
| 20 | kakaluháan | |
| 21 | kakaluháag-usá | |
| 25 | kakaluháag-limá | |
| 30 | kakatlóan | |
| 40 | kakap-atan | |
| 50 | kakalím-an | |
| 60 | kakan-óman | |
| 70 | kakapitóan | |
| 80 | kakawalóan | |
| 90 | kakasiyáman | |
| 100 | kagatós | |
| 200 | kaduhá ka gatós | |
| 500 | kalimá ka gatós | |
| 1,000 | kalibo | |
| 5,000 | kalimá ka libo | |
| 10,000 | kalaksà, kanapulò ka libo | |
| 50,000 | kalimá ka laksà, kakalím-an ka libo | |
| 100,000 | kayaba | |
| 1,000,000 | kayukót | |
| 1,000,000,000 | kawakát |