| Bowen Dow Stassforth | |
| Fullname: | Bowen Dow Stassforth |
| Strokes: | Breaststroke |
| Collegeteam: | University of Iowa |
| Birth Date: | 7 August 1926 |
| Birth Place: | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Rancho Palos Verdes, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 5feet |
| Weight: | 173lb |
| Medaltemplates: | [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] .[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] |
Bowen Dow Stassforth (August 7, 1926 – November 22, 2019) was an American competition swimmer who won a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1952 Olympics and set two world records in the 200-yard (long course) breaststroke.[21] [22] and one world record in the 100 meter (long course) breaststroke[7] [23]
Born in Los Angeles on August 7, 1926,[24] Stassforth was an eight-time[25] All-American in swimming at the University of Iowa. At the conclusion of his career in 1952, he concurrently held 16[26] national breaststroke records in distances from 200 yards to 500 meters in 20 yard, short course and long course pools. He was also the 1952 Iowa AAU Athlete of the Year and Iowa AAU's nominee for the James E. Sullivan Award.[27]
In his early life, Bowen had an intense fear of water, which was the result of having his head put under water by his caretaker. After his parents discovered this, swimming lessons commenced with several different instructors, all of whom were unsuccessful in helping him overcome his fear of water. Finally, swimming lessons with Thelma Payne[28] [21] of the Los Angeles Athletic Club were able to help him overcome his fear of water. His athletic career as a swimmer began at Los Angeles High School (1942–44) as well as the Hollywood Athletic Club during which time he finished second at the 1943 California State Meet in the 200 yard breaststroke to his teammate Harry Messenheimer. In August 1944, while still in high school, Bowen enlisted in the U.S. Navy. His vision throughout his life was poor. Consequently, in order to join the Navy, he memorized the eye chart for his initial physical. During basic training, his vision problems were discovered by his superiors. As a result, he was subsequently assigned to teach swimming and water survival skills to enlisted sailors on North Island in San Diego. He was honorably discharged in 1946.[29]
Bowen swam in the era when the accepted arm motion of the breaststroke was optional with either the contemporary underwater breaststroke or the over the water arm motion now known as the butterfly. The leg movement was the frog kick. In 1953,[30] the stroke was bifurcated into the breaststroke and the butterfly using a dolphin kick. As a result, any records he held were subsequently wiped off the record books.
At his first AAU National Outdoor Championship meet in 1945, representing Fleet Air Wing 14, he placed second in the 200-meter breaststroke.[31] [32] The next year in 1946, he placed sixth in both the AAU National Indoor and Outdoor Championship 220y/200M breaststroke behind Joe Verdeur, Charles Keating and his future coach, James Counsilman.[33] [34] He enrolled at the University of Iowa for the 1947–1948 school year and was coached by both David Armbruster and his assistant coach James Counsilman. He was not allowed to compete as a freshman, however, due to conference eligibility rules at that time.[35] He did, however, participate in the U.S. Olympic Trials in July 1948 placing seventh in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:47.7.[36] The following year, Bowen moved up the standings finishing third in the AAU Outdoor Championships 200 m breaststroke behind Keith Carter and Joe Verdeur the previous years' Olympic silver and gold medalists.[37]
His first international competition came in 1950 as part of the American national swim team in several dual meets held in Japan.[38] This was the first time the American swim team had defeated Japan on Japanese soil.[7] At the dual meet in Tokyo, Bowen set the world record in the 100 m breaststroke(long course) in 1:09.4 barely edging out his teammate Robert Brawner.[7]