| Conflict: | Battle of Kaniv |
| Partof: | Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) |
| Date: | July 26, 1662 |
| Place: | Kaniv, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Modern day Ukraine) |
| Result: | Russian victory |
| Territory: | Left-Bank Ukraine annexed by Tsardom of Russia |
| Combatant1: | [1] Cossack hetmanate Crimean Khanate |
| Combatant2: | Russia Cossack hetmanate |
| Commander1: | Yuri Khmelnitsky |
| Commander2: | Grigory Romodanovsky |
| Strength1: | 20,000 |
| Strength2: | 10,000 to 28,000 |
| Casualties1: | 6,000 Cossacks 2,000 Polish soldiers Total: 8,000 dead and 74 captured 117 banners |
| Casualties2: | 200–300 soldiers |
Battle of Kaniv (ru|Каневское сражение|Kanevskoe srazhenie), was a battle during the summer campaign in the left-bank of Ukraine of Yuri Khmelnitsky, between the Cossack-Polish troops and the Russian-Cossack army led by Yakim Somko and Grigory Romodanovsky. The battle ended with a crushing defeat for Yuri Khmelnitsky and the hetman's retreat to right-bank Ukraine.
It was this defeat that began to raise doubts about Yuri in the Cossacks and as a result, in January 1663, he was overthrown.
After defeat of the Russians at Chudnov and the betrayal of the Russian Tsardom by Yuri Khmelnitsky, Left-bank Ukraine with Yakim Soma was for Russia, right-bank Ukraine led by Yuri Khmelnitsky was a supporter of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
During the summer campaign of 1662 of Yuri Khmelnitsky, the Ukrainian hetman was defeated in the and subsequently retreated to Kanev, where a battle took place between the tsar's troops and the hetman's army
The size of the Allied army is fairly well known, taking into account the losses they suffered at Pereyaslavl: 14,000 Cossacks, 4,000 polish and 2,000 Crimean tatars, In addition, they had 24 guns, this large group took up strong defensive positions along the Dnieper.
The exact strength of the Cossack loyalists and Russians cannot be established due to the lack of documents regarding the Cossack group.Russian Russian Yuri Khmelnitsky estimates the strength of the Russians in a letter to Jan Kazimir at 55,000 people, but this position has been criticized, the total number of Russians directly: 14,500 people.
To this should be added the regiment of Reitar, numbering 3,000 and Cossacks, numbering about 10,500. The total number of troops is estimated from 10,000 to 28,000.
After retreating from Pereslavl, Yuri Khmelnitsky dug in against enemy and began to wait for the attack. Romodanovsky joined Somko's Cossacks and together they set off along the Cossack hetman's retreat route. A surprise attack on the Cossack ranks failed, Khmelnitsky's cavalry retreated to the convoy without a fight. After this, 2,000 Tatar cavalry deserted and «went back to their lands». Yuri moved his cavalry against the Russians, and Somko did the same, He personally moved in the vanguard of the Russian-Cossack army. Then the Russian cavalry attacked. It was the attack of the Russian reiters and spearmen that became decisive; the hetman's army scattered and began to flee, while Yuri himself escaped through a nearby forest.
As a result of the battle, The Allied army suffered a crushing defeat, the Russians took and angered Cherkassy. The battle revealed the obvious weakness of the Cossack army and opened the way for the Russians to the right-bank Ukraine. Ukrainians lost 6,000 killed, captured and drowned, which bypassed even the Battle of Konotop. The Russians took 117 banners and 22 cannons, which is equivalent to the trophies of the Poles at Chudnov.
Soon after the end of the Russo-Polish War, the Battle of Kanev was forgotten. This was due to the fact that the opponents of the Russian army were the Cossacks of Right-Bank Ukraine, who fought on the side of the Polish king, and the informal taboo on studying the history of conflicts between Russians and Ukrainians that existed during the imperial and Soviet periods.
Solovyov briefly notes this battles in his work "History of Russia from Ancient Times" in Volume 11 Chapter 2: