B4GALT3 explained

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene encodes an enzyme that may be mainly involved in the synthesis of the first N-acetyllactosamine unit of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains.^[3]

Further reading

• Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H . Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: galactosyltransferases for all functions. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1473 . 1 . 35–53 . 2000 . 10580128 . 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00168-3.
• Davidsson J, Andersson A, Paulsson K . Tiling resolution array comparative genomic hybridization, expression and methylation analyses of dup(1q) in Burkitt lymphomas and pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemias reveal clustered near-centromeric breakpoints and overexpression of genes in 1q22-32.3. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 16 . 18 . 2215–25 . 2008 . 17613536 . 10.1093/hmg/ddm173 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . etal . 2002PNAS...9916899M. free .
• Guo S, Sato T, Shirane K, Furukawa K . Galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides by human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases I, II, III, IV, V, and VI expressed in Sf-9 cells . Glycobiology . 11 . 10 . 813–20 . 2002 . 11588157 . 10.1093/glycob/11.10.813 . free .
• Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM . Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 3 . 3 . 265–82 . 1988 . 2829950 . 10.1089/aid.1987.3.265 .
• Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L . Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein . J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. . 2 . 2 . 163–9 . 1989 . 2649653 . etal.
• Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP . Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport . J. Virol. . 63 . 6 . 2452–6 . 1989 . 2542563 . 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2452-2456.1989. 250699 .
• Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG . Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 86 . 9 . 3384–8 . 1989 . 2541446 . 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 . 287137 . 1989PNAS...86.3384P . free .
• Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F . Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 6 . 3 . 371–80 . 1990 . 2187500 . 10.1089/aid.1990.6.371 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Almeida R, Amado M, David L, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Rygaard E, Hassan H, Bennett E, Clausen H . A family of human beta4-galactosyltransferases. Cloning and expression of two novel UDP-galactose:beta-n-acetylglucosamine beta1, 4-galactosyltransferases, beta4Gal-T2 and beta4Gal-T3 . J Biol Chem . 272 . 51 . 31979–91 . Jan 1998 . 9405390 . 10.1074/jbc.272.51.31979 . free . 2066/216416 . free .
2. Lo NW, Shaper JH, Pevsner J, Shaper NL . The expanding beta 4-galactosyltransferase gene family: messages from the databanks . Glycobiology . 8 . 5 . 517–26 . Aug 1998 . 9597550 . 10.1093/glycob/8.5.517 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: B4GALT3 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3.