Börje Explained

Börje is an old Swedish male name. It is a cognate of Birger;[1] Börje is the form that has developed naturally according to the sound change laws of Swedish,[1] whilst Birger is a literary form that has been common since the nineteenth century, when archaic forms of names became fashionable.

Etymology

The etymology of Börje is uncertain.[2] Probably[1] it is a short form of names beginning with Berg-.[2] Less likely[1] it means "helper",[2] from the verb bärga.[1] [2] It has also been suggested that it is derived from the name element -ger (spear).[2]

Sound changes

Börje developed from Old Swedish Birghir which was pronounced with a voiced velar fricative [ɣ]: [birɣir]. The voiced velar fricative was spelled ⟨gh⟩ i Old Swedish[3] and changed to /j/ after /r/ in modern Svenska.

Börje is an ija-stem.[4] Ija-stems ended in -ir i Old Swedish, which regularly developed into a word final -e in modern Swedish. This explains why Börje has accent 2 today: since the synkope at the transition from Proto-Norse to Norse the name has been disyllabic, which leads to a word being pronounced with the grave accent in modern Swedish. Hence, the vowel in the second syllable of old Swedish Birghir or Birgher was no svarabhakti vowel like the -e- in modern Swedish words such as the a-stem dager, which at one stage was monosyllabic (dagr) and therefore has accent 1.

The first vowel -i- of Birghir between a b and an r changed into an -y- and then into an -ö-.[1] The vowel was -i- labialised by the influence of the initial /b/.[3]

The form Birger

The form Birger has been revived from the old language within the last 200 years.[1] This "revived" form has accent 1, like an a-stem with a nominative suffix consisting of the svarabhakti-vowel -e- plus -r. Swedish names revived during romanticism commonly take a historically unjustified pronunciation.

Popularity

Börje was very common as a given name in 1930–49.[2] Today it is almost never given as a first name that is used to address the person.[5] In 2017 approximately 7 500 persons had the name as their first name or name of address.[5]

Name day in Sweden

9 June).

People with the given name Börje

References

  1. Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Lund 1922.
  2. Web site: Birger: Institutet för språk och folkminnen. 9 May 2017. 16 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616063248/http://www.sprakochfolkminnen.se/sprak/namn/personnamn/dagens-namn-i-almanackan/kalender/namnsdagar/namnkalender/2013-11-02-birger.html. dead.
  3. Elias Wessén, Svensk språkhistoria I: Ljudlära och ordböjningslära. Fourth edition. Stockholm 1955.
  4. Ragnvald Iversen, Norrøn grammatikk. Seventh edition, revised by Eyvind Fjeld Halvorsen. Oslo 1973.
  5. Web site: Sök på namn: Statistiska centralbyrån.