| Avram Bunaciu | |
| Office: | President of the State Council |
| Alongside: | Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Ștefan Voitec |
| Term Start: | 19 March 1965 |
| Term End: | 24 March 1965 |
| Predecessor: | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej |
| Successor: | Chivu Stoica |
| Title1: | Minister of Justice of Romania |
| Primeminister1: | Petru Groza |
| Term Start1: | 25 February 1948 |
| Term End1: | 23 September 1949 |
| Predecessor1: | Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu |
| Primeminister2: | Chivu Stoica |
| Term Start2: | 31 December 1957 |
| Term End2: | 23 January 1958 |
| Predecessor2: | Gheorghe Diaconescu |
| Successor2: | Gheorghe Diaconescu |
| Office3: | Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania |
| Primeminister3: | Chivu Stoica |
| Term Start3: | 23 January 1958 |
| Term End3: | 20 March 1961 |
| Predecessor3: | Ion Gheorghe Maurer |
| Successor3: | Corneliu Mănescu |
| Birth Date: | 11 November 1909 |
| Birth Place: | Gurba, Transylvania, Austria-Hungary |
| Death Place: | Bucharest, Socialist Republic of Romania |
| Alma Mater: | University of Cluj |
| Party: | Romanian Communist Party |
| Spouse: | Noemi Nussbacher |
| Children: | 2 |
| Occupation: | Politician, jurist |
Avram Bunaciu (pronounced as /ro/; 11 November 1909 – 28 April 1983) was a Romanian communist politician and jurist who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Foreign Affairs and in March 1965 was for 5 days the acting President of the State Council of Romania.
Bunaciu was born in 1909 in Gurba, a village not far from Arad, to a Greek-Catholic Romanian peasant family.[1] Some far-right sources have claimed that he was of Jewish origin; however, according to recent research by Romanian historians, this claim has been discredited.[2] During World War I, he and his elder brother were mobilized in the army and the family lived in poverty.
After graduating from the Samuil Vulcan High School in Beiuș, he studied Law from 1929 to 1933 at the University of Cluj. He was a communist intellectual during World War II and had several high ranking positions after the war, mostly within the Ministry of Justice.[3] Bunaciu was a lawyer by profession and close ally to Ion Gheorghe Maurer, with whom he defended communists at pre-war trials; he was also close to Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who eventually became the President of the State Council and de facto ruler of Romania.[4]
After the war, Bunaciu was one of the main prosecutors of the People's Tribunals. There were two such tribunals in post-war Romania (one in Bucharest and one in Cluj), which were charged with trials of individuals involved in war crimes. From May 30 to June 4, 1945, together with Alexandra Sidorovici, Constantin Vicol, and Ion D. Ioan, he prosecuted in Bucharest a dozen prominent journalists, including Pan M. Vizirescu,, Stelian Popescu, Nichifor Crainic,, and Radu Gyr.[5] Afterwards, Bunaciu was the Chief Public Prosecutor at the Cluj tribunal, which was set up on 22 June 1945 to prosecute war criminals. Bunaciu was involved in prosecuting mainly crimes committed by Hungarian authorities and their collaborators in Northern Transylvania, while the Bucharest tribunal mostly dealt with crimes perpetrated by Romanians under Marshal Ion Antonescu.[6]
Bunaciu served as the Minister of Justice of Romania from 25 March 1948 until 23 September 1949.[7] In 1952, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs when Ana Pauker was the minister.[4] At the time he also was the chairman of the National Assembly for the Application of Constitution.[3] When Pauker was sacked by the communist leadership aided by Joseph Stalin, Bunaciu left the foreign service and became the rector of the University of Bucharest in 1954.[4] On 13 January 1958 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs.[8] On 20 March 1961, when he left the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he was elected vice president of the State Council.[4] From 19 March to 24 March 1965, before Nicolae Ceaușescu came to power, he was the acting President of the State Council.[9] [10] In 1971, he was awarded the, 2nd class.[11]
He married Noemi Nussbacher (at the time, a fellow communist sympathiser) in Cluj in 1938;[12] the Bunacius had two children, Tudor and Doina, a physicist now living in Switzerland.[13] He died in 1983 in Bucharest.