Artush Explained

Artush (; also transliterated as Artux^[2] or Atush^[3]) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.^[4] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.^[5]

History

In January 1943, Artush County was established.

In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.

In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque (39.6926°N 76.1239°W) was removed.^{[6] [7]} In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.

At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.^[2]

Geography and climate

It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is and the annual mean precipitation around 952NaN2. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.

Administrative divisions

Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:^{[8] [9] [10]}

Name	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Uyghur (UEY)	Uyghur Latin (ULY)	Kyrgyz (Arabic script)	Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script)	Administrative division code
Subdistricts
Xingfu Road Subdistrict (Bext Road Subdistrict)	Chinese: 幸福路街道		Uighur; Uyghur: بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы	653001001
Guangming Road Subdistrict (Nurluq Road Subdistrict)	Chinese: 光明路街道		Uighur; Uyghur: نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы	653001002
Xincheng Subdistrict	Chinese: 新城街道		Uighur; Uyghur: يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы	653001003
Towns
Ustun Artush Town (Shang'atushi)	Chinese: 上阿图什镇		Uighur; Uyghur: ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы	653001100
Süntag Town	Chinese: 松他克镇		Uighur; Uyghur: سۇنتاغ بازىرى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: سۇنتاق شاارچاسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Сунтак шаарчасы	653001101
Azak Town	Chinese: 阿扎克镇		Uighur; Uyghur: ئازاق بازىرى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: ازاق شاارچاسى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Азак шаарчасы	653001102
Townships
Agu Township[11]	Chinese: 阿湖乡		Uighur; Uyghur: ئاغۇ يېزىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: اغۇۇ ايىلى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Агуу айылы	653001102
Katyaylak Township	Chinese: 格达良乡		Uighur; Uyghur: كاتتايلاق يېزىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: كەتتئيلئك ايىلى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Кеттийлек айылы	653001104
Karajül Township[12] (Karajol Township)	Chinese: 哈拉峻乡[13]		Uighur; Uyghur: قاراجول يېزىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: قاراجۉل ايىلى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Кара-Жүл айылы	653001105
Tugurmiti Township	Chinese: 吐古买提乡		Uighur; Uyghur: تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى		Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: تەگىرمەتى ايىلى	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: Тегирмети айылы	653001106

Other:

• Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (兵团农三师红旗农场)

Economy

Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.

Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.^[14]

The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the Xinjiang internment camps.^[15]

Demographics

, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.^[16]

, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.^[17]

, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.^[18]

, the population of Artush was 285,507.

Transportation

Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.^[14]

Notable people

• Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
• Sabit Damolla, Prime Minister of the First East Turkestan Republic
• Saifuddin Azizi, first Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
• Ghulam Osman Yaghma, 4th President of the East Turkestan Government-in-Exile
• Anwar Yusuf Turani
• Ilham Tohti
• Salih Hudayar

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Artush:

Notes and References

1. http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
2. Web site: 5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC. https://web.archive.org/web/20210929194404/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/19/c_138718808.htm. dead. September 29, 2021. 19 January 2020. 6 August 2020. Xinhua News Agency. Mu Xuequan. the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
3. Web site: Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance . 2023-09-17 . Radio Free Asia . en.
4. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22300.html. zh:阿图什市概况. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. 2019-09-30.
5. Web site: 2020-06-10. zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数. 3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml. 2020-11-01. 2021-06-11. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn. Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. zh.
6. News: In China, every day is Kristallnacht. 3 November 2019. 10 August 2020. The Washington Post. Fred Hiatt. The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018..
7. Web site: US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith. 1 December 2019. 11 August 2020. Voice of America. Asim Kashgarian. Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
   10/8/2016 9/8/2018
   39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E
   Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque..
8. Web site: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/30/653001.html . zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 . 2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City . zh-hans . . 2019 . 5 August 2020 . Chinese: 统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场|.
9. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22299.html. zh:阿图什市历史沿革 . Artux City Historical Development . XZQH.org . 29 January 2015 . zh-hans . 6 August 2020 . Chinese: 2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{....
10. Web site: http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16517.htm. zh:阿图什市行政区划. zh-hans. 12 June 2019. 6 August 2020. Artux People's Government. Chinese: 阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处. 24 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211124014027/http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16517.htm. dead.
11. Book: zh:地名中的新疆. zh-hans. 2003. 7-228-08004-1. Xie Yuzhong Chinese: 解玉忠. Ürümqi. 新疆人民出版社. 189–190.
12. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
13. Web site: http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16513.htm. zh:生物景观类. zh-hans. 12 June 2019. 6 August 2020. Artush People's Government. Chinese: 柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。. 24 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211124022242/http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16513.htm. dead.
14. Book: Xia Zhengyi Chinese: 夏征农. Chen Zhili Chinese: 陈至立. zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 . Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color) . September 2009. Shanghai. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.. 9787532628599. zh. 0017.
15. News: Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities. 25 November 2019. 11 August 2020. The Washington Post. Hannah Knowles . Kim Bellware . Lateshia Beachum . A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region..
16. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22297.html. zh:1997年阿图什市行政区划 . 1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions . XZQH.org . 31 December 2010 . zh-hans . 7 August 2020 . Chinese: 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）.
17. Book: Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. 2004. 0-295-98390-6. Morris Rossabi. Morris Rossabi. University of Washington Press. 179.
18. Web site: http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 . zh-hans. Uighur; Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region . 2017-09-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . 2017-10-11 . live .