| Maria Josepha of Austria | |
| Father: | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother: | Eleonore Magdalene of the Palatinate |
| Birth Date: | 6 March 1687 |
| Birth Place: | Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Death Date: | 14 April 1703 (aged 16) |
| Death Place: | Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Burial Place: | Imperial Crypt, Vienna (body) Herzgruft, Vienna (heart) |
Maria Josepha of Austria (Maria Josepha Colletta Antonia; 6 March 1687 – 14 April 1703) was the penultimate child of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his third wife, Princess Eleonore Magdalene of Pfalz-Neuburg.
Born at the Hofburg palace in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, as a member of the reigning House of Habsburg, she was the fifth daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his third wife, Princesss Eleonore Magdalene of Pfalz-Neuburg.
Two of her siblings became Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph I and Charles VI, and her elder sister, Maria Anna, became the Queen of Portugal, while her other sisters Maria Elisabeth and Maria Magdalena became Governors of the Austrian Netherlands and County of Tyrol respectively.
On 14 April 1703, Maria Josepha died of smallpox at the age of sixteen, and was buried in the Imperial Crypt, while her heart was placed in the Herzgruft at the Augustinian Church, Vienna.