Arcadocypriot Greek Explained

Arcadocypriot, or southern Achaean, was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia in the central Peloponnese and in Cyprus. Its resemblance to Mycenaean Greek, as it is known from the Linear B corpus, indicates that they are closely related to it, and belong to the same dialect group, known as Achaean.

In Cyprus the dialect was written using solely the Cypriot syllabary. The most extensive surviving text of the dialect is the Idalion Tablet.^[1] A significant literary source on the vocabulary comes from the lexicon of 5th century AD grammarian Hesychius.

History

The prevailing dialect spoken in southern Greece (including Achaea, the Argolid, Laconia, Crete, and Rhodes) at the end of the Bronze Age, was Proto-Arcado-Cypriot. The Mycenaean and Arcado-Cypriot dialects belong to the same group, known as Achaean. Certain common innovations of Arcadian and Cypriot, as attested in the first millennium BC, indicate that they represent vernaculars that had slightly diverged from the Mycenaean administrative language, sometime before a migration to Cyprus; possibly during the 13th or 12th century BC. Pausanias reported:

The establishment happened before 1100 BC. With the arrival of Dorians in the Peloponnese, a part of the population moved to Cyprus, and the rest was limited to the Arcadian mountains.

According to John T Hooker, the preferable explanation for the general historico-linguistic picture is

that in the Bronze Age, at the time of the great Mycenaean expansion, a dialect of a high degree of uniformity was spoken both in Cyprus and in the Peloponnese but that at some subsequent epoch the speakers of West Greek intruded upon the Peloponnese and occupied the coastal states, but made no significant inroads into Arcadia.^[2]

Later developments

After the collapse of the Mycenaean world, communication ended, and Cypriot was differentiated from Arcadian. It was written until the 3rd century BC using the Cypriot syllabary.^{[3] [4]}

Tsan was a letter in use only in Arcadia until around the 6th century BC. Arcadocypriot kept many characteristics of Mycenaean, early lost in Attic and Ionic, such as the pronounced as //w// sound (digamma).

Glossary

Arcadian

Arcadian word	English transliteration	Meaning	Other Greek dialects
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀμφιδεκάτη	amphidekatê	21st of the month Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡ μετὰ εἰκάδα ἡμέρα	(ampheikas)(dekatê tenth)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄνωδα	anôda	up-side	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄνωθε anôthe
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρμωλα	armôla or Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρμώμαλα armômala	food seasoning	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρτύματα artymata; Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρτύω artyo
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄσιστος	asistos	nearest	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄγχιστος anchistos
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δάριν	darin or dareir		Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σπιθαμή spithame, inch)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἑκατόμβαιος	Hecatombaios	epithet for Apollo in Athens and for Zeus in Gortys (Arcadia) and Gortyna, Crete
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ϝιστίαυ	Wistiau		Attic Hestiou, eponym genitive of Hestios; Cf.Hestia and gistia)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ϝοῖνος	woinos	wine	Cypriot, Cretan, Delphic, Magna Graecian; Attic oinos
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ζέλλω	zellô	"throw, put, let, cast"	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βάλλω ballô
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ζέρεθρον	zerethron	pit	(Homeric, Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βέρεθρον berethron; (Koine barathron)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θύρδα	thyrda	outside	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔξω exô, thyra door; (Paphian Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θόρανδε thorande
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἴν	in	in, inside	Attic en; Cypriot id.
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κάθιδος	kathidos	water-jug	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὑδρία hydria; (Tarentine huetos)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κάς	kas	and	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καί kai; Cypriotic id.
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίδαρις	kidaris	Arcadian dance (Athenaeus 14.631d.)[5] and Demetra Kidaria in Arcadia.
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κόρϝα	korwa	girl	Attic korê; Pamphylian name Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κορϝαλίνα Korwalina
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κορτύνιοι	Kortynioi	(Kortys or Gortys (Arcadia))
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κυβήβη	kubêbê	boot, shoe	Attic hypodema
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Λῆναι	Lênai	Bacchae (Lenaeus Dionysus, Lenaia festival
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μωρίαι	môriai	horses, cattle
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: οὔνη	ounê or ounei	come on! Go		Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δεῦρο, δράμε deuro, drame
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πέσσεται	pessetai	it is cooked, roasted	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὀπτᾶται optatai
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πος	pos	towards, into	Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: προς pros; Cypriot id. !Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ποσκατυβλάψη[6] poskatublapse (Attic proskatablapsei)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σίς[7]	sis	who, anyone	Attic tis; Laconian tir; Thessalian kis; Cypr. sis (si se)

Cypriot

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀβάθων abathôn teacher (Attic didaskalos)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἁβαριστάν abaristan (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γυναικιζομένην) 'effeminate'
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀβαρταί abartai birds, volatile (Attic hai ptênai, ta ptêna Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πτηνά)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀβλάξ ablax 'brightly wonderful' (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λαμπρῶς lambrôs) (α + βλάξ (blax) "idiot", blapto "harm")
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀβρεμής abremês Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀβλεπής, ἀνάξιος του βλέπεσθαι, 'unworthy of being seen, despicable'
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἁγάνα hagana and agana (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σαγήνη sagênê 'dragnet')
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄγαν θές (agan thes) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σιώπα siôpa, 'shut up' ("too much" + "put" (tithemi imp.)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄγκυρα ankura (Attic τριώβολον triôbolon, "three obols") (Attic ankura anchor)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀγλαόν aglaon (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γλαφυρόν glaphyron, "smooth, sweet, simple, decorated" (Cretan also), (Attic: aglaos "bright")
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀγόρ agor eagle (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀετός aetos)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀγχοῦρος anchoûros near the morning (from anchauros anchi + aurion tomorrow)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄδειὁς adeios (Attic akathartos), "cleanless, impure" (cf. Attic: adeios, adeia = "fearless, safe", Byzantine and Modern: adeios, adeia = "empty")
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄδρυον adryon (ploion dugout canoe) (α + δρῦς)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀθρίζειν athrizein (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ῥιγοῦν rhigoun to shiver)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀίεις aieis 'you listen' (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀκούεις akoueis) (aïô only in poetic use)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αἰπόλος aipolos (Koine kapêlos wine-seller) (Attic aipolos 'goatherd') (Attic pôleô sell)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀκεύει akeuei (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τηρεῖ terei he observes, maintains, keeps order)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄκμων akmôn (Attic ἀλετρίβανος aletribanos plough or pestle) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄκμων anvil, meteor) (Acmon mythology)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀκοστή akostê barley (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κριθή krithê) Cypr. according to Hsch., but Thess. for grain of all kinds according to Sch.Il.6.506.)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἅλς hals (Attic oinos wine) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἅλς hals sea) (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: '''ἅλα''' *θάλασσαν (Α 141) vgAS ἢ οἶνος Κύπριοι)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀλάβη alabê or alaba (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μαρίλη marile charcoal-ember) Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λιγνύς. σποδός. καρκίνος. ἄνθρακες
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀλειπτήριον aleipterion (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γραφεῖον grapheion writing utensil or place of writing and engraving) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀλειφω aleiphô smear, rub)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄλευρον aleuron grave (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τάφος taphos)(leuros smooth, level, even)(Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄλευρον wheat flour)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄλουα aloua gardens (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κῆποι kêpoi)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἁλουργά halourga the red things of the sea Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὰ ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης πορφυρᾶ Cypr. according to Hsch.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄνδα anda she (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὕτη hautê)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄορον aoron lever μοχλός gateway Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πυλῶν door-keeper Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θυρωρός (Aeolic aoros unsleeped)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀούματα aoumata chaffs, straws left-overs of barleys Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὰ τῶν πτισσομένων κριθῶν ἄχυρα (Cf. loumata, lumata)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπέλυκα apelyka (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπέῤῥωγα aperrhoga I am broken, crashed)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπλανῆ aplanê many, a lot (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πολλά) (Laconian ameremera) (Attic aplaneis unmoving, non wandering esp. for stars)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀποαἵρει apoairei (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀποκαθαίρει apokathairei he cleans, removes) (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπαίρω lead off, set out to sea)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπόγεμε apogeme imp. remove out, draw off liquor(Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄφελκε aphelke) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γέμω gemô to be full of)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπολοισθεῖν apoloisthein to finish complete (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀποτελεῖν apotelein)(Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὅλος holos whole)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπόλυγμα apolugma denudation (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀπογύμνωσις apogymnôsis)(cf. apolouma)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρὰς ἐπισπεῖραι aras epispeirai Cypriot cursing custom sowing barley with water Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σπειρόντων κριθὰς μεθ' ἁλὸς καταρᾶσθαί τισιν
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄριζος arizos grave (Attic taphos) (α + Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ῥίζα rhiza root)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρμυλα armula shoes (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὑποδήματα hypodemata)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρμώατος armôatos (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σπασμός spasmos spasm)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρουρα aroura 'heap of wheat with straws' Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σωρὸς σίτου σὺν ἀχύροις (Homeric, Ionic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρουρα aroura earth)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρπιξ arpix harpix or aprix acanthus "species of thorn", Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἶδος ἀκάνθης (Attic aprix fast, tight)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὔγαρος augaros (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄσωτος asôtos unsaved, wasteful, prodigal)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὐεκίζειν auekizein (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σφακελίζειν sphakelizein produce gangrene)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἀχαιομάντεις Achaiomanteis seers, priests in Cyprus (Hesychius)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βᾶλλαι ballai (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βαθμοί bathmoi grades, steps, stages) (Aeolic arrows)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βλάστα blasta (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βλάστησις blastesis Vegetation)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βομβοία bomboia (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κολυμβὰς ἐλαία kolumbas elaia pickled olive, swimming in brine)(Attic kolumbaô dive, swim)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βορβορίζει borborizei Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γογγύζει. μολύνει it groans, pollutes
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βουκανῆ boukanê anemone flower Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀνεμώνη (bukanê trumpet)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βουνός bounos (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στιβάς stibas bed of straw, reeds, leaves) (Koine bounos hill, mountain)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βοώνητα boôneta (Attic 'purchased things in the price of cows') Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τιμῆς βοῶν ἠγορασμένα (Cypriot unholy things)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βρένθιξ brenthix (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θριδακίνη thridakine lettuce)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βρίγκα brinka small (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μικρόν mikron)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βριμάζειν brimazein orgasmize Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὀργᾷν εἰς συνουσίαν (Brimô mythology) (brimaomai freak, be enraged)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βροῦκα brouka green locust Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: χλωρὰν ἀκρίδα (Ionic broukos)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βρούχετος brouchetos frog (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βάτραχος bathrachos) (Hsch. brouchetos pit Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βάραθρον)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βύβλιοι byblioi gravekeepers
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γάνος ganos garden pl. ganea (Hebrew gan 'garden')
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γέμοις νυ gemois nu lit."you may be full, filled now" Hsch. Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λαβέ καὶ κάθιζε take and sit
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γένεσις genesis libation (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σπονδή sponde)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γοᾶναι goanai (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κλαίειν klaiein to cry) (goaô moan)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γρᾶ gra or grasthi "eat (imp)" (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φάγε phage) (Attic graô gnaw) (Sanskrit grasate eat) (PIE *gres- devour) (Salaminian Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καγρᾶkagra kata + graô Koine kataphagas gluttonous)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δαματρίζειν damatrizein Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸ συνάγειν τὸν Δημητριακὸν καρπόν "collect the fuits of Demeter"
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δεῖν dein 'turn' (Attic στρέφειν strephein (cf. Attic: deo tie)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δίπτυον diptuon (Attic hemimedimnos, a dry measure) (Aeolic kammarpsis)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: διφθεραλοιφός diphtheraloiphos elementary teacher Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: γραμματοδιδάσκαλος grammatodidaskalos (aleiphô "smear" + diphthera "goatskin, writing-material, parchment"
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δρόσος drosos Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀχρείος achreios "needless, useless" (Attic drosos dew)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δύσεα dusea (the things around the wall) Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ τοίχου τὰ πέριξ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔαρ ear (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αἷμα haima blood) (Attic Ear Spring (season))
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἔγχειος Encheios Ἀφροδίτη
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔλαψα elapsa (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: διέφθειρα diephtheira I harmed)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔλφος elphos butter (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βούτυρον boutyron)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔναυὁν enauon Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔνθες put in, ignite Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: '''εναύοντες''' ἀνάπτοντες πυρί. τὰ γὰρ σμήνη τῶν μελισσῶν διώκουσι διὰ πυρὸς καὶ καπνοῦ A (n)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔπιξα epixa (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὄρνεα ornea birds)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐροῦντες erountes (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λέγοντες legontes the saying) (Attic erountes the ones who will say)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐρούα eroua walk and rest Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πορεύου,αναπαύου (cf. Homeric erôeô)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔστη estê (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στολή stolê, equipment, garment) (cf. esthês clothing)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ζάει zaei (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κινεῖ καὶ πνεῖ it moves and blows) (zaei binei, inire, coïre, of illicit intercourse)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θᾶτες thates or thutes manual labourers (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θῆτες thêtes) (see Timocracy)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θεῖον theiοn (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἴγδιον igdion mortar) (Aristophanes Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θυεία thyeia igdion mortar)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θίβων thibôn (Koine thibis ark, basket) (Hebrew tēbhāh ark, from Egyptian tebt 'box')
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θρόδαξ throdax (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θρίδαξ thridax lettuce)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θύα thua flavourings Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀρτύματα. Κύπριοι. ἔνιοι τὰ ἀρώματα. Καλλίμαχος (fr.564). Εὔπολις (fr. 108,2) τὰ πέμματα. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὰ θυόμενα ταῖν θεαῖν
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἵγα higa shut up (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σιώπα siôpa) (Cretan iga)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἱμονιά himonia strap (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἵμας himas)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἳν hin dat. and acc. of the old pers. Pron. hi (q.v.). in, Arc., Cypr., and Cret. for en (q.v.)^[8]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καλίνδινα kalindina intestines (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔντερα entera) (PIE: ghel-ond-, ghol-n•d- stomach; bowels) (Homeric cholades) (Macedonian gola)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καχίλα kachila flowers (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄνθη anthê)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κενεά (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀναδενδράδες anadendrades climbing vineyards) (Attic kena kenea vain
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίβισις kibisis bag (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πήρα pêra) (Aetolian kibba)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίλλος killos morning cicada (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τέττιξ πρωϊνὸς tettix proinos) (Hesychius killos donkey)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κινυράδαι Kinyradai priests of Aphrodite Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἱερεῖς Ἀφροδίτης
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίρις kiris or kirris (cypriotic epithet for Adonis) (Laconian kirris Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λύχνος lychnos light, lamp)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίτταρις kittaris Cypriot Diadem.Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κίτταροι Kittaroi, the ones who wear it
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κιχητός kichêtos the vessel or the substance where the censer(Attic libanôtos) is being dyed Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἰς ὃ ἐμβάπτεται ὁ λιβανωτός
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κυνύπισμα kunupisma drink from pomace (stemphyla), i.e. left-overs of pressed grapes.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λήνεα lênea or Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λείνα leina (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔρια eria wools)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μόψος mopsos 'stain on the clothes' (Attic kêlis Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κηλὶς ἡ ἐν τοῖς ἱματίοις) (Mopsus mythology) (Mopsopia old name of Attica and Attic tales of Euphorion of Chalcis)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μύθα mytha voice (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φωνή phonê mythos Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μυθέομαι mytheomai speak narrate)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μυλάσασθαι mulasasthai cleanse with oil (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σμήξασθαι smêxasthai Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σμήχω smêchô)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὄλινοι olinoi sheaves of barley Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: '''ὄλινοι κριθῆς''' δέσμαι. καὶ ὤλενος παρὰ Κυπρίοις
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὀρτός ortos (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βωμός bômos altar)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: οὐάραι ouarai we (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμεῖς hemeis)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: οὔαρον ouaron olive oil (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔλαιον elaion)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: οὖνον ounon or ounos road (Attic odos) (Koine dromos)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πέσσον pesson (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὄρος mountain or Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: χωρίον village)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πιλνόν pilnon (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φαιόν phaion obscure brown, Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πελιδνόν pelidnon livid (blue, green/ dark)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πρέπον prepon beast (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τέρας teras beast)(prepôn -ontos, a fish) (Attic prepon -ntos suitable)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Πυγμαίων Pygmaion Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἄδωνις Adonis
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ῥύεινα rhueina lamb, accusative (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρνα arna)(nom. rhuein, arên from Wrêna)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σί βόλε si bole? (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τί βούλει; ti boulei? what do you want?)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σίγυνον sigunon (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀκόντιον akontion spear)^[9]

Paphian

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπίκορον epicoron (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπίκοπον epikopon) cutting, re-stamped coin (from keirô and koptô cut)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐς πόθ' ἕρπες es poth' herpes? (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πόθεν ἥκεις pothen hekeis? where do you come from?) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἕρπειν herpein to creep, to crawl, move slowly like a serpent
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εὐτρόσσεσθαι eutrossesthai (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπιστρέφεσθαι epistrephesthai return)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θόρανδε thorande (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔξω exo outside) Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θύρα thyra door
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἵγγια hingia one (Cypr. ingia) (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἷς heis) (Cretan itton hen one)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἰμίτραιον imitraion (Hsch.Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὑπόζωστον hypozoston under-girdle, rope of ship
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἰμπάταὁν impataon (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔμβλεψον emblepson look inside -imperative) (Hsch. inkapathaon enkatablepson)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κάβειος kabeios young (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: νέος neos)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καβλή kablê (Koine Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μάνδαλος mandalos latch)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κακκέρσαι kakkersai (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατακόψαι katakopsai to cut, slay) (kata + keirô cut)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καλέχεο kalecheo (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατάκεισο katakeiso lay down -imperative) (Homeric Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λέχος lechos bed)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καπατάξεις kapataxeis (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατακόψεις katakopseis you will cut, slay)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κάῤῥαξον karrhaxon (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατάραξον kataraxon strike -imperative) (kata + arassô
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατέρεαι katereai (AtticGreek, Ancient (to 1453);: κάθισαι kathisa sit)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κίβος kibos (Attic kibôtos ark or Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐνεός eneos speechless)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κιδνόν kidnon here (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐνθάδε enthade)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κόρζα korza or korzia heart (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καρδία kardia) (Ionic kardiê)(Homeric kradiê) (Aeolic karza)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύβος kubos saucer bowl dish (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τρύβλιον trublion) (Attic kubos cube)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λιμήν limên ἀγορά and (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐνδιατριβή endiatribê delay, abide, stay) (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λιμήν limên port, harbour)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μοχοῖ mochoi inside (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐντός entos)(cf.muchos innermost part, nook, corner)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σάπιθος sapithos sacrifice (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θυσία thysia)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σάσαι sasai to sit (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καθίσαι kathisai) (cf. Poetic thassô sit, thôkos backless throne)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σές ses (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἔλαθες elathes you were hidden, escaped notice see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λανθάνω lanthano)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σίαἱ sihai to spit (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πτύσαι ptusai to spit, cast out)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: σοάνα soana (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀξίνη axinê axe)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στροπά stropa (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀστραπή astrapê) (Homeric sterope, lightning flash)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὕεσι huesi (Koine Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στολή stolê "garment", (Attic Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀμφίεσις amphiesis clothing, Hsch. Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὑεστάκα huestaka)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Φάπη Phapê Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Παφία Paphia (Paphian Aphrodite)

See also

• Hesychius of Alexandria
• Cypriot Greek for the modern variety of Greek spoken on Cyprus

Bibliography

• A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity- Arcado-Cypriot by A.Panayotou
• C. M. Bowra Homeric Words in Arcadian Inscriptions
• Book: Janko, Richard . Richard Janko . https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110532135-007/html . Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea . 2018 . . 978-3-11-053081-0 . en . The Greek Dialects in the Palatial and Post-Palatial Late Bronze Age . 107–130 . 10.1515/9783110532135-007.
• Book: van Beek, Lucien . The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective . . 2022 . 978-1-108-49979-8 . Olander . Thomas . 173–201 . Greek . 10.1017/9781108758666 . https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D7ECB74210D90E01F00D41B9930BC70A/9781108499798c11_173-201.pdf . 161016819.
• Yves Duhoux. Introduction aux dialectes grecs anciens. Lounain-la-Neuve: Cabay, 1983
• Rüdiger Schmitt. Einführung in die griechischen Dialekte. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1977
• Markus Egetmeyer. Le dialecte grec ancien de Chypre. 2 vols., vol. 1: Grammaire; vol. 2: Répertoire des inscriptions en syllabaire chypro-grec. Berlin–NY: De Gruyter, 2010.

Further reading

• Bakker, Egbert J., ed. 2010. A companion to the Ancient Greek language. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Christidis, Anastasios-Phoivos, ed. 2007. A history of Ancient Greek: From the beginnings to Late Antiquity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Colvin, Stephen C. 2007. A historical Greek reader: Mycenaean to the koiné. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Horrocks, Geoffrey. 2010. Greek: A history of the language and its speakers. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Palmer, Leonard R. 1980. The Greek language. London: Faber & Faber.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Georgiadou. Anna. 2015. The Tablet of Idalion (ICS 217). Kyprios Character. History, Archaeology & Numismatics of Ancient Cyprus.
2. John T Hooker, Mycenaean Greece (Routledge Revivals). Routledge, 2014 p164
3. Kypros, Salamis, c. 600 BC http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=208992&bookid=353&region=9&subregion=0
4. Kypros — Kourion ~320 BC http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=208432&bookid=350&region=9&subregion=0
5. Mortals and Immortals https://books.google.com/books?id=cAxq_6svnOEC&pg=PA131 by Jean-Pierre Vernant
6. Arkadia — Tegea — 4th century BC IG V,2 6 38
7. Arkadia — Mantineia — stoichedon. — 5th century BC http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=32298&bookid=12&region=2&subregion=4
8. Web site: LSJ . 2021-02-20 . 2022-01-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220126152731/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/?redirect=true . live .
9. [Aristotle]