Aquilegia viridiflora, commonly known as the green columbine or green-flowered columbine, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to southern Siberia, northern China, Mongolia, and Japan.
Aquilegia viridiflora is a herbaceous perennial growing to tall, with hairy or glandular stems which often branch towards the top. It has few basal leaves, which are biternate and mostly smooth with stalks of up to . It produces 3–7 nodding flowers measuring across which are either yellowish-green (in the variety viridiflora) or dark purple (atropurpurea). The sepals and petals measure or less and the petals have straight or slightly incurved nectar spurs of length.
There are two named varieties, distinguished by the colour of the flowers:
The synonym Aquilegia canadensis is not to be confused with Aquilegia canadensis L., which is a different species of Aquilegia.
A. viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier' is a cultivar with chocolate-brown flowers. It grows up to tall.
Aquilegia viridiflora is native to Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Buryatia, Tuva, and Zabaykalsky Krai in southern Siberia and the Amur Oblast in the Russian Far East), and to the Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces in northern China. It grows in forests, grassy slopes, in damp places and by streams, at altitudes between .
Aquilegia viridiflora flowers from May to July, and is pollinated by early spring bees of the genus Anthophora.
, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
Aquilegia viridiflora is grown as an ornamental plant.