Law Reports Explained
The Law Reports is the name of a series of law reports published by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting.
Pursuant to a practice direction given by Lord Judge during his tenure as the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, the Law Reports are "the most authoritative reports" and should always be "cited in preference where there is a choice."[1] This requirement is further referred to in respect of appeals to the Court of Appeal in paragraph 29(2) of Practice Direction 52C of the Civil Procedure Rules.[2]
This series is now divided into four main sub-series:
- Law Reports, Appeal Cases, covering decisions of the House of Lords (and, since 2009, the Supreme Court), the Privy Council and the Court of Appeal - started in 1866 as the Law Reports, English & Irish Appeals,[3] renamed in 1875[4] and redesigned in 1891;[5]
- Law Reports, Chancery Division, covering decisions of the Chancery Division of the High Court - started in 1865 as the Law Reports, Chancery Appeal Cases,[6] renamed in 1875[7] and redesigned in 1890;[8]
- Law Reports, Family Division, covering decisions of the Family Division of the High Court - started in 1865 as the Law Reports, Probate & Divorce Cases,[9] renamed Law Reports, Probate, Divorce & Admiralty Division in 1875,[10] renamed Law Reports, Probate in 1891[11] and renamed in 1972;[12] and
- Law Reports, Queen's Bench, covering decision of the King's Bench Division (named the Queen's Bench Division during the reigns of Victoria and Elizabeth II) of the High Court - started in 1865,[13] renamed Law Reports, Queen's Bench Division in 1875, renamed to drop "Division" in 1891,[14] renamed to take account of the change of monarch in 1901,[15] 1952[14] and 2022.
Series
The number and names of the series have changed. This is partly due to the merger of existing courts, the merger of existing divisions of individual courts, and the creation of new divisions of individual courts. Citation of series has also changed.[16]
1865–1875
The Law Reports were originally divided into eleven series. Glanville Williams said that "roughly speaking" there was a series for each of the superior courts.[17] The series were:
- House of Lords, English and Irish Appeals
- House of Lords, Scotch and Divorce Appeals
- Privy Council Appeals
- Chancery Appeal Cases
- Equity Cases
- Crown Cases Reserved
- Queens Bench Cases
- Common Pleas Cases
- Exchequer Cases
- Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases
- Probate and Divorce Cases
These reports may be cited thus:
| Series | Style of cause | (year of decision) | report | volume | series | page |
|---|
| House of Lords Appeals | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | HL | ... |
| House of Lords, Scotch and Divorce Appeals | ... v ... | (...) | L.R. | ... | H.L.Sc. | ... |
| ... v ... | (...) | L.R. | ... | H.L.Sc. and Div. | ... |
| Privy Council Appeals | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | PC | ... |
| Chancery Appeal Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | Ch | ... |
| ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | Ch App | ... |
| Equity Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | Eq | ... |
| Crown Cases Reserved | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | CC | ... |
| ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | CCR | ... |
| Queen's Bench Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | QB | ... |
| Common Pleas Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | CP | ... |
| Exchequer Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | Ex | ... |
| Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | A & E | ... |
| Probate and Divorce Cases | ... v ... | (...) | LR | ... | P & D | ... | |
1875–1880
In 1875, the number of series was reduced to six. This was due to the creation of the High Court and a decision on the part of the publishers, to put the House of Lords, the Privy Council and the new Court of Appeal in the same volume, and to group Crown Cases Reserved and the Queen's Bench Division together. The series were:
- Appeal Cases
- Chancery Division
- Queens Bench Division
- Common Pleas Division
- Exchequer Division
- Probate Division
There was a change in the mode of citation. The abbreviation "LR" ceased to be used.
| Series | Style of cause | (year of decision) | volume | series | page |
|---|
| Appeal Cases | ... v ... | (...) | ... | App Cas | ... |
| Chancery Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | Ch D | ... |
| Queen's Bench Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | QBD | ... |
| Common Pleas Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | CPD | ... |
| Exchequer Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | Ex D | ... |
| Probate Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | PD | ... | |
1881–1890
In 1881, the number of series was reduced to four. This is because the Common Pleas and Exchequer Divisions of the High Court were incorporated in the Queen's Bench Division of that court in 1880:
- Appeal Cases
- Chancery Division
- Queens Bench Division
- Probate Division
| Series | Style of cause | (year of decision) | volume | series | page |
|---|
| Appeal Cases | ... v ... | (...) | ... | App Cas | ... |
| Chancery Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | Ch D | ... |
| Queen's Bench Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | QBD | ... |
| Probate Division | ... v ... | (...) | ... | PD | ... | |
1891 onwards
There have continued to be four series during this period, but their names have changed from time to time.
- Appeal Cases
- Chancery Division
- Queen's Bench Division (1891–1901, 1952–2022)/King's Bench Division (1901–1952, 2022–present) (From 1907, this series included decisions of the Court of Criminal Appeal in place of the former Court for Crown Cases Reserved.)
- Probate (Replaced in 1972 by a series called Family, due to the creation of the Family Division of the High Court)
In 1891, there was a change in the mode of citation. Volumes published from 1891 onwards are cited by the year in which they were published and numbered according to the order of publication in that year, if more than one volume has been published in that year.
| Series | Style of cause | [year of report] | volume (if applicable) | series | page |
|---|
| Appeal Cases | ... v ... | [...] | ... | AC | ... |
| Chancery Division | ... v ... | [...] | ... | Ch | ... |
| Queen's Bench Division | R v Abbott | [1955] | 2 | QB | 497 |
| R v Adams | [1980] | | QB | 575 |
| King's Bench Division | ... v ... | [...] | ... | KB | ... |
| Probate Division | ... v ... | [...] | ... | P | ... |
| Family Division | ... v ... | [...] | ... | Fam | ... | |
References
Notes and References
- Web site: Practice Direction: Citation of Authorities (2012) . Judiciary.uk . 13 October 2021 .
- Web site: Practice Direction 52C . Justice.gov.uk . 13 October 2021 .
- Web site: Law Reports, English & Irish Appeals . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105435/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=L.R.H.L.&title=2305 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Appeal Cases (Second Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105444/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=L.R.App.Cas.&title=707 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Appeal Cases (Third Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105456/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=A.C.&title=28 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Chancery Appeal Cases . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105600/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=L.R.Ch.App.&title=2300 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Chancery Division (2nd Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105614/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=Law+Rep.Ch.D.&title=2301 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Chancery Division (3rd Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105627/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=Ch.&title=1578 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Probate & Divorce Cases . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Probate, Divorce & Admiralty Division . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105654/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=P.D.&title=2311 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Probate . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105702/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=P.&title=2312 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Family Division . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105724/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=Fam.&title=1579 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Queen's Bench (1st Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105901/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=L.R.Q.B.&title=1581 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, Queen's Bench (3rd Series) . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105952/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=Q.B.&title=2314 . July 22, 2011 .
- Web site: Law Reports, King's Bench . Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations . . March 10, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722110012/http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/displaydetails?portal=false&abbr=K.B.&title=1580 . July 22, 2011 .
- Glanville Williams, Learning the Law, 11th ed., Stevens, 1982, p. 39
- Glanville Williams, Learning the Law, 11th ed., Stevens, 1982, p. 37
