Alstom Citadis Explained

The Alstom Citadis is a family of low-floor trams and light rail vehicles built by Alstom., over 2,300 Citadis trams have been sold and 1,800 tramways are in revenue service throughout the world, with operations in all six inhabited continents.^[1] An evolution of Alstom's earlier TFS vehicle, most Citadis vehicles are made in Alstom's factories in La Rochelle, Reichshoffen and Valenciennes, France, and in Barcelona, Spain, and Annaba, Algeria.^[2]

Citadis types

The Citadis family includes both partial and fully low-floor trams and LRVs, in versions with three (20x), five (30x), seven (40x), and nine (50x) sections. It comprises the following standard variants:

Urban tramway vehicles

Citadis X00:

• Citadis 100 – three section, 70% low floor, originally designed and manufactured by Konstal in Chorzów for the Polish market (Katowice, Gdańsk)

Citadis X01 (First generation):

• Citadis 301 – three section, 70% low floor (Orléans)
  • Citadis 301 CIS – 100% low floor version with IPOMOS bogies on gauge (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg^[3]). Also designated 71-801 according to the Russian unified system of rolling stock classification (71=trams, 8=manufacturer code (Alstom), 01=model code).
• Citadis 401 – five sections, 70% low floor (Montpellier and Dublin, some converted from 301s)

Citadis X02 (Second generation):

• Citadis 202 – three section, 100% low floor (Melbourne)
• Citadis 302 – five sections, 100% low floor (Algiers, Adelaide, Angers, Lyon, Bordeaux, Paris T2, T7 and T8, Valenciennes, Rotterdam, Buenos Aires, Madrid, Melbourne, Nice, Murcia, Barcelona, Jerusalem, Le Havre and Nottingham)
• Citadis 402 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Paris T3, Dubai, Rio de Janeiro, Oran, Constantine)
• Citadis 502 – nine sections, 100% low floor (Dublin, some converted from 402s)

Citadis X03 (Third generation):

• Citadis 403 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Strasbourg)

Citadis X04 (Fourth generation):

• Citadis 304 – 100% low floor, next generation design for Central and Eastern Europe (Istanbul)

Citadis X05 (Fifth generation):

• Citadis 205 or Compact – three sections, 100% low floor (Aubagne, Avignon)^[4]
• Citadis 305 – five sections, 100% low floor (Sydney, Lusail, Caen, Kaohsiung, Athens, Philadelphia)
• Citadis 405 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Nice, Paris line T9, T10)

Light-rail transit vehicles

• Regio-Citadis – three sections, 70% low floor LRV (Kassel, The Hague)
• Citadis Dualis – four or five sections, 100% low-floor LRV (operated by the SNCF,^[5] see below)
• Citadis Spirit – three or four sections, 100% low floor LRV designed for the North American market (Ottawa, Toronto)^[6]

Power supply

Like most trams, Citadis vehicles are usually powered by overhead electric wires collected by a pantograph, but the trams in several places do not use pantograph current collection entirely. Other places, such as Toronto, use a trolley pole.

The most popular solution is Alstom's proprietary ground-level power supply (APS, first used in Bordeaux and subsequently in Angers, Reims, Orleans, Tours, Dubai, Rio, and Sydney), consisting of a type of third rail which is only powered while it is completely covered by a tram so that there is no risk of a person or animal coming into contact with a live rail. On the networks in France and in Sydney, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires in outer areas,^[7] but the Dubai vehicles are the first to employ APS for its entire passenger length (although they are still equipped with pantographs for use in the maintenance depot).

Another option is to use on-board batteries to store electrical power, allowing brief periods of catenary-free operation without the need to install special infrastructure. The Citadis trams in Nice operate off a set of nickel metallic hydride batteries in two large open spaces where overhead wires would be an eyesore.^[8] This has since been superseded by a supercapacitor-based energy storage system (SRS)^[9] which is in use in Rio de Janeiro (alongside APS), Kaohsiung, and along a new line in Nice. The Regio-Citadis can also be built as a dual-voltage or electro-diesel vehicle with various configurations.

Ordered Citadis trams

Africa

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Algeria	Algiers (Algiers tramway)		402	101–141	41	2010
Algeria	Constantine (Constantine tramway)		402	101–127	47	2010			27 were manufactured in Barcelona and 20 were assembled in Annaba, Algeria.
Algeria	Oran (Oran Tramway)		302	101–130	30	2010
Algeria	Ouargla (Ouargla tramway)		402	101–123	23	2017
Algeria	Mostaganem		402	101–130	30	2017
Algeria	Sidi Bel Abbes (Sidi Bel Abbès tramway)		402	101–130	30	2016
Algeria	Setif		402	101–130	47	2016
Algeria	Batna		402	101–130	30	2016
Algeria	Annaba		402	101–130	30	2017
Algeria	Skikda		402	101–130	20	2018
Algeria	Tébessa		402	101–130	20	2018
Morocco	Casablanca (Casablanca Tramway)		302	001–074	74	2012			Single endedoperate in service as semi-permanently coupled back-to-back pairs.[10]
				075–124	50	2017/2018
			305	125-204	80	2023/2024
	Rabat-Salé (Rabat-Salé tramway)		302	001–044	44	2010			19 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled); 6 single bidirectional trams semi (back to back single-ended pairs).
				045–066	22	2018			11 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled);
Tunisia	Tunis		302	401–430	30	2007	in MU		Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs.

Asia

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Commentsts
China	Chengdu (Chengdu tram)		302		40	2018	32.6frac=8NaNfrac=8	2.65frac=8NaNfrac=8
Taiwan	Kaohsiung (Circular light rail)		305		15	2019	33.4frac=8NaNfrac=8	2.65frac=8NaNfrac=8	Uses SRS system[11]
China	Shanghai Songjiang (Songjiang Tram)		302		30	2018	33frac=8NaNfrac=8	2.65frac=8NaNfrac=8

North America

See main article: Citadis Spirit. The main article provides vehicle and order descriptions.

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Canada	Ottawa (Confederation Line)		Citadis Spirit	1101–1134	34 (+38 planned)	2018	48frac=8NaNfrac=8	2.65frac=8NaNfrac=8	Four-module vehicles
Canada	Toronto (Line 6 Finch West)		Citadis Spirit		0 (61 planned)	2021	48frac=8NaNfrac=8	2.65frac=8NaNfrac=8	Four-module vehicles
United States	Philadelphia (subway-surface lines, Route 15, and Media–Sharon Hill Line)		305		0 (130 planned, plus 30 options)	2027			[12]

South America

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Brazil	Rio de Janeiro (VLT Carioca)		402	101–132	32[13]	2016	44m (144feet)[14]	2.65m (08.69feet)	Uses APS system
Ecuador	Cuenca (Cuenca Tramway)[15]		302		14	2020	32.4m (106.3feet)	2.4m (07.9feet)	Partially uses APS system

Middle East

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Israel	Jerusalem (Jerusalem Light Rail)		302		46	2009		2.65m (08.69feet)
United Arab Emirates	Dubai (Dubai Tram)		402	001–025	25	2013–2014		2.65m (08.69feet)	APS[16]
Qatar	Lusail (Lusail LRT)		305		35	2019		2.65m (08.69feet)	APS[17]

Europe

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
France	Angers		302	1001–1017	17	2009		2.4m (07.9feet)
			305	2001–2020	20	2022		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Aubagne		Compact		8	2014		2.4m (07.9feet)	First Citadis Compact ordered. Options for 10
	Avignon		Compact	101–114	14	2019		2.4m (07.9feet)	For the first Tramway line (T1) in Avignon since 1933
	Besançon		305	?	5	2025		2.4m (07.9feet)	Ordered with Brest and Toulouse in a group order[18]
	Bordeaux		402	2201–2232 2301–2306 2501–2520 2801–2804 1301-1326 1827-1846 1847-1856	113	2002 2003 2005 2008 2013-2014 2018 2019		2.4m (07.9feet)	The Citadis delivered from 2013 now have two doors per side on their central pod.
			302	2241–2246 2541–2546	12[19] [20]	2002 2005		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Brest		302	101–120	26	2012		2.4m (07.9feet)	Ordered with Dijon in a group order.
			305	?	8	2025		2.4m (07.9feet)	Ordered with Besançon and Toulouse in a group order.
	Caen		305	1001–1026	26	2018–2019		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Dijon		302	1001–1033	33	2012-2013		2.4m (07.9feet)	Ordered with Brest as part of a group order
	Grenoble		402[21]	6001–6035 6036–6050	49	2005, 2009		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Le Havre		302	001-022	22	2011–2012		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Le Mans		302	1001–1034	34	2007, 2011, 2014		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Lille[22]		305	?	24	2026[23]		2.4m (07.9feet)	First Citadis ever built for metric tracks
	Lyon		302	0801–0847, 0848–0857, 0858–0870, 0871–0873[24]	73	2000, 2006, 2009, 2010		2.4m (07.9feet)
			402	0874–0885, 0886–0892	19[25]	2012–2013, 2016		2.4m (07.9feet)	Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 3 while the 302 are transferred to the other lines.
			402	0893–0907, 0908-0942, 0943-?	15	2019–2020, 2024-2026,[26] 2027		2.4m (07.9feet)	New front due to new safety standards. Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 4; 302s were transferred to the other lines.
	Montpellier		301	2001–2028	30[27]	1999–2000		2.65m (08.69feet)	Extended to Citadis 401
			302	2031–2033, 2041–2064	27	2006–2007		2.65m (08.69feet)
			402	2070–2089, 2098–2099	23	2011 – 2012, 2014		2.65m (08.69feet)
	Mulhouse		302	01–27	27	2005–2006		2.4m (07.9feet)	Two of these (04 and 05) were used in Argentina on the Tranvía del Este. Five were sold to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and re-designated as C2-class Melbourne tram.
	Nantes		405		49[28]	2023–2025		2.4m (07.9feet)	Will replace the older TFS, the first 14 trams were delivered in 2023, the rest will be delivered in 2025.
	Nice		302	01–20, 21–28	28	2006–2007, 2010		2.65m (08.69feet)	Trams from 14 to 28 are extended to 402
			405		19	2017–2018		2.65m (08.69feet)	First ever Citadis trams from the fifth generation delivered in mainland Europe.
	Orléans		301	39–60	22[29]	2000		2.32m (07.61feet)
			302	61–81	21[30]	2010–2011		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Paris		302	0401–0413, 0414–0426, 0427–0442, 0442–0460, 0461–0466	66	2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2015		2.4m (07.9feet)	T2
			402	0301–0321 0322–0346, 0347–0363, 0364–0373	73	2006, 2012, 2017, 2021		2.65m (08.69feet)	T3, starting from the 0364 the trams are now delivered with the transit authority livery (Île-de-France Mobilités)[31]
			302	701–719	19[32]	2013		2.4m (07.9feet)	T7
			302	801–820	20	2014	32	2.4m (07.9feet)	T8, in the future they will be transferred on the T7 for its extension to Juvisy while 7 of them will be modified to be on the T2.[33]
			405[34]	901–922	22[35]	2019–2020		2.65m (08.69feet)	T9
			405	1001–1013	13	2022–2023		2.65m (08.69feet)	T10
			305[36]	101–	37 (first order)	2024–		2.1m (06.9feet)	T1, T8, The first order will replace the older TFS on this line while the rest will replace the older Citadis 302 on T8 and complete the fleet for the futures extensions on these two lines.
	Reims		302	101–118	18[37] [38]	2010		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Rouen		402		27	2011–2012		2.4m (07.9feet)	To replace the TFS[39] Used as a light rail.
	Strasbourg		403	2001–2041, 3001–3022, 3031-3047	80	2005–2006, 2017–2018, 2021-2022		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Strasbourg		405	?	22[40] [41]	2025		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Toulouse		302	5001–5025	24	2009–2010		2.4m (07.9feet)	Designed by Airbus
			305	?	9	2026		2.4m (07.9feet)	Ordered with Besançon and Brest in a group order.
	Tours		402		21[42]	2012–2013		2.4m (07.9feet)	APS
	Valenciennes		302		33	2006		2.4m (07.9feet)
Germany	Frankfurt am Main		Classic (SX05)		58	Since 2022			24 31.5 m trams and 34 40 m trams
	Kassel		RegioCitadis	701–718	18	2004–2005		2.65m (08.69feet)
	Kassel		RegioCitadis	751–760	9	2004–2005		2.65m (08.69feet)	Hybrid with diesel engine
Greece	Athens		305		25	2020–2021		2.65m (08.69feet)
Ireland	Dublin		301	3001–3026	26	2003–2004		2.4m (07.9feet)	Red line, in 2007 extended from
			401	4001–4014	14	2003–2004		2.4m (07.9feet)	Red line (transferred from green line in 2010)
			402	5001–5026	26	2009		2.4m (07.9feet)	Green line, in 2019 extended from
			502	5027–5033	7	2018		2.4m (07.9feet)	Green line
			502	5034–5041	8	2020		2.4m (07.9feet)	Green line
Netherlands	The Hague		RegioCitadis	4001–4054 4055–4072	72	2006, 2011		2.65m (08.69feet)
	Rotterdam		302	2001–2060	60	2003		2.4m (07.9feet)	Unidirectional
			302	2101–2153	53	2011		2.4m (07.9feet)	Unidirectional
Poland	Gdańsk		100 (NGd99)	1001–1004	4	1999		2.35m (07.71feet)	Marketed as the Konstal NGd99, based on 100 series
	Katowice		100(116Nd)	800–816	17	2000		2.35m (07.71feet)
Russia	Saint Petersburg		301 CIS (71-801 according to system of rolling stock classification)	8900–8902, 8907	4	2014		2.5m (08.2feet)	Single ended
Spain	Barcelona		302		23	2004		2.65m (08.69feet)	Trambaix network
	Barcelona		302		18	2007		2.65m (08.69feet)	Trambesòs network
	Jaén		302		5	2010		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Madrid		302		70	2007		2.4m (07.9feet)	One of those types are in use on the Lidingöbanan in Stockholm for testing, and another was used in Buenos Aires on the Tranvía del Este.
	Murcia		302		11	2011		2.4m (07.9feet)
	Tenerife		302		20	2007			On important dates, such as Carnivals or Christmas, trams operate as doubles.
Turkey	Istanbul		304	801–837	37	2009		2.65m (08.69feet)	Able to MU
UK	Nottingham		302[43]	216–237	22[44]	2014		2.4m (07.9feet)	[45]

Oceania

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Australia	Adelaide		302[46]	201–209	9	2010, 2018	32	2.40	Surplus units purchased from Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009 (6) and 2017 (3)[47] [48]
Australia	Melbourne		202[49]	3001–3036[50]	36	2001–2002	23.0	2.65	Locally designated C-class.
Australia	Melbourne		302[51]	5103, 5106, 5111, 5113, 5123[52]	5	2008–2009	32.5	2.65	Locally designated C2-class. Leased from Mulhouse, France in 2008, and later purchased by the Victorian government.[53]
Australia	Sydney		305[54]	001-060	60	2019	33[55]	2.65	For CBD and South East Light Rail. Capable of both APS and pantograph power.[56]

See also

• Ground-level power supply used in Bordeaux
• Railway electrification system

External links

• Alstom Transport
• Alstom Citadis Trams
• List of all ordered Citadis (en Français/in French) (read the notes written by visitors at the end of the page, because there are some errors in the table)
• Sensolab drives interior experimentation – design of Citadis tram interiors for Paris, Le Mans, Angers, Railway Gazette International

Notes and References

1. Web site: Citadis tramways . Alstom, Citadis web presentation . . 2017 .
2. News: CITAL inaugurates its assembly and maintenance site for Alstom Citadis trams in Annaba . 12 May 2015 . Alstom.com . 12 May 2015.
3. http://transphoto.ru/list.php?serv=0&cid=2&mid=4350 Saint-Petersburg, 71-801 (Alstom Citadis 301 CIS) vehicle list
4. News: Aubagne orders Citadis Compact . 7 October 2011 . Railway Gazette International. https://web.archive.org/web/20111110072046/https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/aubagne-orders-citadis-compact.html . 10 November 2011.
5. Web site: CITADIS Dualis Information Sheet . 4 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090318005439/http://www.transport.alstom.com/home/elibrary/technical/products/_files/file_32031_30182.pdf . 18 March 2009.
6. News: Alstom launches North American light rail vehicle with Ottawa contract . 25 July 2015 . Railway Gazette . 14 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140906121653/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/alstom-launches-north-american-light-rail-vehicle-with-ottawa-contract.html . 6 September 2014.
7. Wansbeek . C.J. . Bordeaux: Fronting the French tramway revolution . . . December 2002 . 28 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718072357/http://www.lrta.info/articles/art0212.html . 18 July 2011.
8. Web site: Nice Tramway, France . Railway-Technology.com . 30 May 2014.
9. Web site: Kuester . Florian . Ground-based electric charging – The Alstom SRS . Combined Transport Magazine . 26 April 2017 . 7 February 2017 . 27 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170427104333/http://combined-transport.eu/ground-based-electric-charging . dead .
10. Web site: Inauguration of new tramway lines T3 and T4 in Casablanca . Buch . Erik . Urban Transport Magazine . 2024-09-25 . 2024-09-26.
11. Web site: Alstom awarded its first tramway contract in Taiwan . 24 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180624232722/http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/2017/832228/alstom-awarded-its-first-tramway-contract-in-taiwan/ . 24 June 2018.
12. Web site: SEPTA contracts Alstom for Citadis light-rail vehicles. MassTransit. June 6, 2023. September 26, 2023.
13. Web site: Planejamento de Fabricação do Material Rodante . 19 December 2013 . 31 August 2014 . pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084920/http://portomaravilha.com.br/web/esq/t-vlt/g/1.pdf . 3 September 2014.
14. Web site: Memorial Descritivo Geral do Veículo VLT . 26 May 2014 . 31 August 2014 . pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903085028/http://portomaravilha.com.br/web/esq/t-vlt/g/3.pdf . 3 September 2014.
15. https://www.cuencahighlife.com/cuencas-new-light-rail-system-tranvia-de-los-cuatro-rios-is-scheduled-to-be-operational-in-2014/ CUENCA LIGHT RAIL
16. News: Al Safouh tram project consortium selected . . 29 April 2008 . 2 May 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20091107235128/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/al-safouh-tram-project-consortium-selected.html . 7 November 2009.
17. News: Alstom and Qatar Rail unveil the design of Lusail Citadis tram . 19 April 2016 . 21 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160422160921/http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/2016/4/alstom-and-qatar-rail-unveil-the-design-of-lusail-citadis-tram/ . 22 April 2016.
18. Web site: Alstom to supply new Citadis trams to Toulouse, Brest and Besançon, as part of a group order . 27 April 2023 . en.
19. Web site: Fiche technique 302 . fr . 29 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111349/http://florent.brisou.pagesperso-orange.fr/Fiche%20Bordeaux302.htm . 2 April 2015.
20. Web site: Fiche technique 402 . fr . 29 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150708002932/http://florent.brisou.pagesperso-orange.fr/Fiche%20Bordeaux402.htm . 8 July 2015.
21. Web site: Fiche technique Grenoble 2 . 11 July 2013 . fr.
22. Web site: Alstom to supply new trams for the Lille European Metropolitan Area . 20 December 2023 . fr.
23. Web site: Alstom to supply the fifth generation of Mongy . 26 November 2023 . fr.
24. http://www.ferro-lyon.net/nouveau-tram/88-040Les-Rames-Citadis-TGA-302 Les Rames Citadis TGA 302
25. News: World rolling stock market November 2012 . . 26 November 2012 . 18 January 2017 . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805042214/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/world-rolling-stock-market-november-2012.html . dead .
26. Web site: Alstom to supply 35 additional Citadis tramways to Lyon's Public Transport Authority . 2 September 2021 . en.
27. http://fbrisou.free.fr/RAIL21/FicheCIT-Montpellier1.pdf Fiche technique 401
28. News: Nantes: the new Alstom tram on the rails in 2023 . France 3 Pays de la Loire . 8 January 2021 . fr. .
29. http://perso.wanadoo.fr/florent.brisou/Fiche%20Orleans.htm Fiche technique Orléans
30. News: Urban rail news in brief – November 2008 . . 19 November 2008 . 28 March 2011 . 16 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110616062818/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/urban-rail-news-in-brief-november-2008.html . dead .
31. https://twitter.com/mrsy_off/status/1466453016194785281
32. News: Citadis remains popular in Paris . . 28 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120213023157/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/citadis-remains-popular-in-paris.html . 13 February 2012.
33. Web site: T1 : and 28 more trams . 5 July 2024 . fr.
34. Web site: Alstom will deliver 22 Citadis to the STIF for the line T9 in Ile-de-France . 10 November 2016 . fr.
35. News: World rolling stock market December 2016 . . 30 December 2016 . 18 January 2017 . 19 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170119051021/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/world-rolling-stock-market-december-2016.html . dead .
36. Web site: Alstom lands a big contract for trams in Ile-de-France . 1 October 2021 . fr.
37. Web site: Reims tramway sparkles with colour . . 29 January 2007 . 9 September 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070221050255/http://www.transport.alstom.com/home/news/Hot_news/28229.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=%2Fhome%2Fnews%2FHot_news%2F . 21 February 2007.
38. Web site: Reims, sa cathédrale, son tram... . Admirable Design . 14 May 2007 . 9 September 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070826192317/http://www.admirabledesign.com/Reims-sa-cathedrale-son-tram . 26 August 2007. fr.
39. News: Rouen orders trams to increase capacity . . 5 January 2010 . 28 March 2011 . 12 February 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100212113820/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/rouen-orders-trams-to-increase-capacity.html . dead .
40. Web site: Alstom to supply new trams for the Strasbourg Eurometropole . 19 April 2023 . en.
41. Web site: Strasbourg : voici le design de la prochaine génération de trams . 23 September 2024 . fr.
42. News: Tours selects Citadis and APS . . 14 September 2010 . 28 March 2011 . 25 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120925221900/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban-rail/single-view/view/tours-selects-citadis-and-aps.html . dead .
43. Web site: Citadis Trams . https://web.archive.org/web/20150713211758/http://www.thetram.net/images/Citadis%20Trams%20poster%20-Final.pdf. 13 July 2015 . 13 July 2015 . 25 July 2017.
44. News: Nottingham tram Phase Two contract signed . 15 December 2011 . . 15 December 2011 . 21 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921130937/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/nottingham-tram-phase-two-contract-signed.html . dead .
45. https://web.archive.org/web/20150713211758/http://www.thetram.net/images/Citadis%20Trams%20poster%20-Final.pdf NET Citadis poster
46. News: Fenton . Andrew . Six new trams for Adelaide – ex-Madrid . 27 October 2013 . . 7 June 2009.
47. News: Castello . Renato . European trams to bolster our City-Glenelg fleet . 27 October 2013 . . 24 May 2009.
48. "Here & There" Trolley Wire issue 352 February 2018 page 19
49. Web site: Low floor trams have arrived! . . 27 October 2013 . 17 August 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193216/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2001/low-floor-trams-have-arrived!/ . 29 October 2013.
50. Web site: C-Class . Yarra Trams . 27 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152803/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-fleet/c-class/ . 19 October 2013.
51. Web site: Mulhouse Light Rail and Tram Train, France . railway-technology.com . 27 October 2013.
52. Web site: C2-Class . . 27 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152821/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-fleet/c2-class/ . 19 October 2013.
53. Web site: Tram Procurement Program . . 21 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130513161451/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/tram-procurement-program/ . 13 May 2013.
54. http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/2015/2/alstom-to-deliver-to-sydney-citadis-x05-the-latest-evolution-of-its-tram-range-/ Alstom to deliver to Sydney Citadis X05, the latest evolution of its tram range
55. http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/australia-nz/alstom-completes-first-citadis-x05-lrvs-for-sydney.html?channel=526 Alstom completes first Citadis X05 LRVs for Sydney
56. Web site: Alstom delivers worlds first Citadis X05 Light Rail Vehicle to Sydney, Australia . 11 July 2020 . Alstom.