Adenophora Explained

Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells.[1] Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.[2] [3]

Description

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes.[3] The corollas of most species are blue.[1] There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.[3]

Species

68 species are accepted.[4] They include:[2] [3] [5]

  1. Adenophora amurica – Heilongjiang
  2. Adenophora biformifolia – Inner Mongolia
  3. Adenophora biloba – Inner Mongolia
  4. Adenophora borealis – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
  5. Adenophora brevidiscifera – Sichuan
  6. Adenophora capillaris – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
  7. Adenophora changaica – Mongolia
  8. Adenophora coelestis – Sichuan, Yunnan
  9. Adenophora contracta – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
  10. Adenophora cordifolia – Henan
  11. Adenophora daqingshanica – Inner Mongolia
  12. Adenophora dawuensis – Sichuan
  13. Adenophora delavayi – northwestern Yunnan
  14. Adenophora divaricata – spreading-branch ladybell[6] – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
  15. Adenophora elata – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  16. Adenophora fusifolia – South Korea
  17. Adenophora gmelinii (synonym Adenophora taquetii) – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  18. Adenophora golubinzevaeana – Krasnoyarsk
  19. Adenophora grandiflora – big-flower ladybell – Korea
  20. Adenophora hatsushimae – Kyushu
  21. Adenophora himalayana – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  22. Adenophora hubeiensis – Hubei
  23. Adenophora × izuensis – Honshu
  24. Adenophora jacutica – Yakutiya
  25. Adenophora jasionifolia – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  26. Adenophora khasiana (syn. A. bulleyana) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  27. Adenophora lamarckii – Lamark's ladybell – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
  28. Adenophora liliifolia – lily-leaf ladybell – central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
  29. Adenophora liliifolioides – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
  30. Adenophora linearifolia – Sichuan
  31. Adenophora lobophylla – Sichuan
  32. Adenophora longipedicellata – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
  33. Adenophora maximowicziana – Shikoku
  34. Adenophora micrantha – Inner Mongolia
  35. Adenophora morrisonensis – Taiwan
  36. Adenophora nikoensis – Honshu
  37. Adenophora ningxianica [7] – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
  38. Adenophora palustris – marsh ladybell – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
  39. Adenophora pereskiifolia (synonyms Adenophora kayasanensis and Adenophora racemosa) – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
  40. Adenophora petiolata – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
  41. Adenophora pinifolia – Liaoning
  42. Adenophora polyantha – many-flower ladybell – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
  43. Adenophora potaninii – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
  44. Adenophora probatovae – Primorye
  45. Adenophora remotidens – Incheon ladybell – Korea
  46. Adenophora remotiflora (synonym Adenophora erecta) – scattered ladybell – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
  47. Adenophora rupestris – Irkutsk
  48. Adenophora rupincola – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
  49. Adenophora sajanensis – Krasnoyarsk
  50. Adenophora sinensis – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
  51. Adenophora stenanthina – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
  52. Adenophora stenophylla – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
  53. Adenophora stricta – upright ladybell – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  54. Adenophora subjenisseensis – central Siberia
  55. Adenophora sublata – Primorye, Khabarovsk
  56. Adenophora taiwaniana – Taiwan
  57. Adenophora takedae – Honshu
  58. Adenophora tashiroi – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
  59. Adenophora taurica – Crimea
  60. Adenophora trachelioides – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
  61. Adenophora tricuspidata – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
  62. Adenophora triphylla – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
  63. Adenophora tuvinica – Tuva
  64. Adenophora uryuensis – Hokkaido
  65. Adenophora wilsonii – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  66. Adenophora wulingshanica – Beijing
  67. Adenophora xiaoxiensis – Hunan
  68. Adenophora xifengensis – Gansu

Uses

Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
  2. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=360197 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=100573 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora.
  4. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5613-1 Adenophora Fisch.
  5. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095844/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?200 GRIN Species Records of Adenophora.
  6. Book: English Names for Korean Native Plants . . 2015 . 978-89-97450-98-5 . Pocheon . 364 . 16 December 2016 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf . 25 May 2017 .
  7. Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
  8. YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.

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