ATP6V1G3 explained

V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1G3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'' and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene encodes one of three G subunit proteins. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Further reading

• Finbow ME, Harrison MA . The vacuolar H+-ATPase: a universal proton pump of eukaryotes . The Biochemical Journal . 324 . Pt 3 . 697–712 . Jun 1997 . 9210392 . 1218484 . 10.1042/bj3240697.
• Nelson N, Harvey WR . Vacuolar and plasma membrane proton-adenosinetriphosphatases . Physiological Reviews . 79 . 2 . 361–85 . Apr 1999 . 10221984 . 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.361. 1477911 .
• Forgac M . Structure and properties of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 19 . 12951–4 . May 1999 . 10224039 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12951 . free .
• Kane PM . Introduction: V-ATPases 1992-1998 . Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes . 31 . 1 . 3–5 . Feb 1999 . 10340843 . 10.1023/A:1001884227654 .
• Wieczorek H, Brown D, Grinstein S, Ehrenfeld J, Harvey WR . Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases . BioEssays . 21 . 8 . 637–48 . Aug 1999 . 10440860 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199908)21:8<637::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W . 23505139 .
• Nishi T, Forgac M . The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases--nature's most versatile proton pumps . Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . 3 . 2 . 94–103 . Feb 2002 . 11836511 . 10.1038/nrm729 . 21122465 .
• Kawasaki-Nishi S, Nishi T, Forgac M . Proton translocation driven by ATP hydrolysis in V-ATPases . FEBS Letters . 545 . 1 . 76–85 . Jun 2003 . 12788495 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00396-X . 10507213 .
• Morel N . Neurotransmitter release: the dark side of the vacuolar-H+ATPase . Biology of the Cell . 95 . 7 . 453–7 . Oct 2003 . 14597263 . 10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00075-3 . free .
• Brown D, Lui B, Gluck S, Sabolić I . A plasma membrane proton ATPase in specialized cells of rat epididymis . The American Journal of Physiology . 263 . 4 Pt 1 . C913–6 . Oct 1992 . 10.1152/ajpcell.1992.263.4.C913 . 1415677 .
• Smith AN, Borthwick KJ, Karet FE . Molecular cloning and characterization of novel tissue-specific isoforms of the human vacuolar H(+)-ATPase C, G and d subunits, and their evaluation in autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis . Gene . 297 . 1–2 . 169–77 . Sep 2002 . 12384298 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00884-3 .

Notes and References

1. Stevens TH, Forgac M . Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase . Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology . 13 . 779–808 . Feb 1998 . 9442887 . 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP6V1G3 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 13kDa, V1 subunit G3.