ATP6V1D explained

V-type proton ATPase subunit D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1D gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene encodes the V1 domain D subunit protein.

Further reading

• Finbow ME, Harrison MA . The vacuolar H+-ATPase: a universal proton pump of eukaryotes . Biochem. J. . 324 . 3. 697–712 . 1997 . 9210392 . 10.1042/bj3240697. 1218484 .
• Nelson N, Harvey WR . Vacuolar and plasma membrane proton-adenosinetriphosphatases . Physiol. Rev. . 79 . 2 . 361–85 . 1999 . 10221984 . 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.361. 1477911 .
• Forgac M . Structure and properties of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 12951–4 . 1999 . 10224039 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12951 . free .
• Kane PM . Introduction: V-ATPases 1992-1998 . J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. . 31 . 1 . 3–5 . 1999 . 10340843 . 10.1023/A:1001884227654 .
• Wieczorek H, Brown D, Grinstein S . Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases . BioEssays . 21 . 8 . 637–48 . 1999 . 10440860 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199908)21:8<637::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W . 23505139 . etal.
• Nishi T, Forgac M . The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases--nature's most versatile proton pumps . Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. . 3 . 2 . 94–103 . 2002 . 11836511 . 10.1038/nrm729 . 21122465 .
• Kawasaki-Nishi S, Nishi T, Forgac M . Proton translocation driven by ATP hydrolysis in V-ATPases . FEBS Lett. . 545 . 1 . 76–85 . 2003 . 12788495 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00396-X . 10507213 .
• Morel N . Neurotransmitter release: the dark side of the vacuolar-H+ATPase . Biol. Cell . 95 . 7 . 453–7 . 2004 . 14597263 . 10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00075-3 . free .
• Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD . Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 17 . 9543–8 . 2000 . 10931946 . 10.1073/pnas.160270997 . 16901 . 2000PNAS...97.9543H . etal. free .
• Kennell JA, Richards NW, Schaner PE, Gumucio DL . cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization and evolutionary analysis of mouse vacuolar ATPase subunit D, Atp6m . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 92 . 3–4 . 337–41 . 2001 . 11435709 . 10.1159/000056924 . 10147842 .
• Yang CS, Weiner H . Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies binding partners of human Tom34 that have ATPase activity and form a complex with Tom34 in the cytosol . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 400 . 1 . 105–10 . 2002 . 11913976 . 10.1006/abbi.2002.2778 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Stevens TH, Forgac M . Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase . Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol . 13 . 779–808 . Feb 1998 . 9442887 . 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP6V1D ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 34kDa, V1 subunit D.