AKAP9 explained

A-kinase anchor protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AKAP9 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} AKAP9 is also known as Centrosome- and Golgi-localized protein kinase N-associated protein (CG-NAP) or AKAP350 or AKAP450 ^[4]

Function

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternate splicing of this gene results in many isoforms that localize to the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, and interact with numerous signaling proteins from multiple signal transduction pathways. These signaling proteins include type II protein kinase A, serine/threonine kinase protein kinase N, protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2a, protein kinase C-epsilon and phosphodiesterase 4D3.

Interactions

AKAP9 has been shown to interact with:

• CALM2,
• CALM1,^[5]
• FNBP1,^[6]
• KvLQT1^[7]
• PRKAR2A,^[8]
• PKN1,^[9] and
• TRIP10.^[6]

Further reading

• Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Res. . 5 . 5 . 277–86 . 1999 . 9872452 . 10.1093/dnares/5.5.277 . free .
• Schmidt PH, Dransfield DT, Claudio JO, Hawley RG, Trotter KW, Milgram SL, Goldenring JR . AKAP350, a multiply spliced protein kinase A-anchoring protein associated with centrosomes . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 5 . 3055–66 . 1999 . 9915845 . 10.1074/jbc.274.5.3055 . free .
• Witczak O, Skålhegg BS, Keryer G, Bornens M, Taskén K, Jahnsen T, Orstavik S . Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an A-kinase anchoring protein located in the centrosome, AKAP450 . EMBO J. . 18 . 7 . 1858–68 . 1999 . 10202149 . 1171271 . 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1858 .
• Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y . Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 24 . 17267–74 . 1999 . 10358086 . 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267 . free .
• Husi H, Ward MA, Choudhary JS, Blackstock WP, Grant SG . Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein signaling complexes . Nat. Neurosci. . 3 . 7 . 661–9 . 2000 . 10862698 . 10.1038/76615 . 1842/742 . 14392630 . free .
• Takahashi M, Mukai H, Oishi K, Isagawa T, Ono Y . Association of immature hypophosphorylated protein kinase cepsilon with an anchoring protein CG-NAP . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 44 . 34592–6 . 2000 . 10945988 . 10.1074/jbc.M005285200 . free .
• Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS . Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel . Science . 295 . 5554 . 496–9 . 2002 . 11799244 . 10.1126/science.1066843 . 2002Sci...295..496M . 6153394 .
• Steadman BT, Schmidt PH, Shanks RA, Lapierre LA, Goldenring JR . Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 4 interacts with centrosomal AKAP350 and the mitotic spindle apparatus . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 33 . 30165–76 . 2002 . 12015314 . 10.1074/jbc.M201914200 . free .
• Bray JD, Chennathukuzhi VM, Hecht NB . Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding four novel proteins that interact with translin associated factor-X . Genomics . 79 . 6 . 799–808 . 2002 . 12036294 . 10.1006/geno.2002.6779 .
• Shanks RA, Larocca MC, Berryman M, Edwards JC, Urushidani T, Navarre J, Goldenring JR . AKAP350 at the Golgi apparatus. II. Association of AKAP350 with a novel chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family member . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 43 . 40973–80 . 2002 . 12163479 . 10.1074/jbc.M112277200 . free .
• Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y . Centrosomal Proteins CG-NAP and Kendrin Provide Microtubule Nucleation Sites by Anchoring γ-Tubulin Ring Complex . Mol. Biol. Cell . 13 . 9 . 3235–45 . 2003 . 12221128 . 124155 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 .
• Sillibourne JE, Milne DM, Takahashi M, Ono Y, Meek DW . Centrosomal anchoring of the protein kinase CK1delta mediated by attachment to the large, coiled-coil scaffolding protein CG-NAP/AKAP450 . J. Mol. Biol. . 322 . 4 . 785–97 . 2002 . 12270714 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00857-4 .
• Tu H, Tang TS, Wang Z, Bezprozvanny I . Association of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor with AKAP9 (Yotiao) and protein kinase A . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 18 . 19375–82 . 2004 . 14982933 . 10.1074/jbc.M313476200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, Sealock R, Kim JU, Sheng M . Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1 . J Neurosci . 18 . 6 . 2017–27 . Apr 1998 . 9482789 . 6792910. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02017.1998.
2. Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, Alto NM, Fraser ID, Langeberg LK, Sheng M, Scott JD . Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex . Science . 285 . 5424 . 93–6 . Jul 1999 . 10390370 . 10.1126/science.285.5424.93 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: AKAP9 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9.
4. Ong ST, Chalasani ML, Fazil MH, Prasannan P, Kizhakeyil A, Wright GD, Kelleher D, Verma NK . Centrosome- and Golgi-Localized Protein Kinase N-Associated Protein Serves As a Docking Platform for Protein Kinase A Signaling and Microtubule Nucleation in Migrating T-Cells . Front. Immunol. . 9 . 397 . 397. Mar 2018 . 29545805 . 5837996 . 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00397 . free .
5. Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y . Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex . Mol. Biol. Cell . 13 . 9 . 3235–45 . Sep 2002 . 12221128 . 124155 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 .
6. Larocca MC, Shanks RA, Tian L, Nelson DL, Stewart DM, Goldenring JR . AKAP350 interaction with cdc42 interacting protein 4 at the Golgi apparatus . Mol. Biol. Cell . 15 . 6 . 2771–81 . Jun 2004 . 15047863 . 420101 . 10.1091/mbc.E03-10-0757 .
7. Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS . Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel . Science . 295 . 5554 . 496–9 . Jan 2002 . 11799244 . 10.1126/science.1066843 . 2002Sci...295..496M . 6153394 .
8. Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos R, Jennings PA, Scott JD . Bioinformatic design of A-kinase anchoring protein-in silico: a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 100 . 8 . 4445–50 . Apr 2003 . 12672969 . 153575 . 10.1073/pnas.0330734100 . 2003PNAS..100.4445A . free .
9. Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y . Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 24 . 17267–74 . Jun 1999 . 10358086 . 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267 . free .