ADARB2 explained

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase B2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

RNA-editing deaminase-2 (RED2, or ADARB2) is a member of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase family of RNA-editing enzymes. Adenosine deamination of pre-mRNA results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the gene product, which differs from that predicted by the genomic DNA sequence. Other members of this family include DRADA (ADAR) and RED1 (ADARB1).^[1]

Unlike ADAR1 and ADAR2, ADAR3 has demonstrated no editing ability in vitro. It has been shown to suppress 5-HT2C RNA editing in vitro through a yet unknown mechanism, and may thus work as a negative regulator.^[4]

Further reading

• Book: Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R . Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases . HIV-1 Envelope gp120 and Viral Particles Block Adenosine Deaminase Binding to Human CD26 . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 421 . 185–92 . 1997 . 9330696 . 10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24 . 978-1-4757-9615-5 .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Research . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . Jan 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M . Nucleolar proteome dynamics . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . Jan 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, Mallol J, Arenzana F, Lluis C, Franco R . Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 22 . 19532–9 . Jun 2001 . 11278278 . 10.1074/jbc.M004586200 . free .
• Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, Lluís C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R . The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression . FEBS Letters . 477 . 1–2 . 123–8 . Jul 2000 . 10899322 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8 . 22229481 .
• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R . Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles . Journal of Immunology . 158 . 8 . 3721–9 . Apr 1997 . 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3721 . 9103436 .
• Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S, Dietrich N, DuBuque T, Favello A, Gish W, Hawkins M, Hultman M, Kucaba T, Lacy M, Le M, Le N, Mardis E, Moore B, Morris M, Parsons J, Prange C, Rifkin L, Rohlfing T, Schellenberg K, Bento Soares M, Tan F, Thierry-Meg J, Trevaskis E, Underwood K, Wohldman P, Waterston R, Wilson R, Marra M . Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 807–28 . Sep 1996 . 8889549 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.807 . free .

Notes and References

1. Mittaz L, Antonarakis SE, Higuchi M, Scott HS . Localization of a novel human RNA-editing deaminase (hRED2 or ADARB2) to chromosome 10p15 . Human Genetics . 100 . 3–4 . 398–400 . Sep 1997 . 9272162 . 10.1007/s004390050523 . 13098381 .
2. Chen CX, Cho DS, Wang Q, Lai F, Carter KC, Nishikura K . A third member of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene family, ADAR3, contains both single- and double-stranded RNA binding domains . RNA . 6 . 5 . 755–67 . May 2000 . 10836796 . 1369955 . 10.1017/S1355838200000170 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ADARB2 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B2 (RED2 homolog rat).
4. Hong HQ, Lin JS, Chen L . Regulatory factors governing Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing . Bioscience Reports . Feb 2015 . 25662729 . 10.1042/BSR20140190 . 35 . 2 . 1–8 . 4381283.