| Unit Name: | 2nd London Division 47th (1/2nd London) Division 47th (2nd London) Infantry Division |
| Dates: | 1908–1919 1920–1936 |
| Country: | United Kingdom |
| Type: | Infantry |
| Size: | Division |
| Garrison: | Duke of York's Headquarters |
| Garrison Label: | Peacetime HQ |
| Battles: | First World War
Battle of the Somme 1916 |
The 47th (1/2nd London) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force.
The Territorial Force (TF) was formed on 1 April 1908 following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9) which combined and re-organised the old Volunteer Force, the Honourable Artillery Company and the Yeomanry. On formation, the TF contained 14 infantry divisions and 14 mounted yeomanry brigades. One of the divisions was the 2nd London Division.[1] In peacetime, the divisional headquarters was, from 1912, in the Duke of York's Headquarters.[1] [2]
The 2nd London Division was designated the 47th Division in 1915, during the Great War, and referred to as the "1/2nd London Division" after the raising of the second-line 60th (2/2nd London) Division. The division was sent to France in March 1915, one of the first Territorial divisions to enter the fighting, and served on the Western Front for the duration of the war.[3]
In early 1916 the division was part of Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wilson's IV Corps. Wilson was not impressed by Charles Barter, the 47th's GOC, and at the end of March 1916 he and Lieutenant General Sir Charles Monro (GOC First Army) discussed getting rid of him, but could not come up with a reason for doing so; Barter survived until he was relieved during the Battle of the Somme.[4]
The 47th Division conducted effective mining operations against Vimy Ridge on 3 and 15 May 1916, but a German attack on the evening of Sunday 21 May moved forward 800 yards, capturing 1,000 yards of the British front line, and the division performed badly during a counterattack on 23 May. The 47th Division conducted a carefully planned single battalion raid on the night of 27–8 June, claiming to have killed 300–600 Germans for only 13 British casualties.[5]
In the final stages of the war the division's GSO1 (effectively chief of staff) was acting Lieutenant Colonel Bernard Montgomery.[6]
The division fought in the Battle of Aubers Ridge, the Battle of Festubert, the Battle of Loos, the 1 July 1916 Battle of the Somme, including the Battle of Flers-Courcelette and the capture of High Wood. After mid-1916 battles included the Battle of Le Transloy, the Battle of Messines, and the Battle of Cambrai.
The composition of the division was as follows:[7] [8] [3]
Pre-war the brigade comprised the following battalions:
After it landed in France it had the following composition:
From February 1918, the brigade comprised the following battalions:
(1st London Divisional Artillery also served with the division in January and February 1916)
The division was reformed in 1920.[15] By 1935 the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence, particularly for London, was addressed by converting the 47th Division into the 1st Anti-Aircraft Division.[16]
See main article: 47th (London) Infantry Division. During the Second World War, the division was once again raised, this time as a duplicate of the 1st London Division, initially as the 2nd London Division, but was redesignated in November 1940 as the 47th (London) Infantry Division.[17]
The following officers commanded 47th Division throughout its existence:[8]
| Appointed | General officer commanding (GOC) | |
|---|---|---|
| March 1908 | Major-General Vesey J. Dawson | |
| 31 March 1912 | Major-General Charles C. Monro | |
| 5 August 1914 | Major-General Thomas L. N. Morland | |
| 3 September 1914 | Major-General Charles St. L. Barter | |
| 28 September 1916 | Brigadier-General W. H. Greenly (temporary) | |
| 2 October 1916 | Major-General Sir George F. Gorringe | |
| 14 October 1917 | Brigadier-General R. McDouall (acting) | |
| 26 October 1917 | Brigadier-General J. F. Erskine (acting) | |
| 5 November 1917 | Major-General Sir George F. Gorringe | |
| July 1919 | Major-General Sir Nevill M. Smyth | |
| July 1923 | Lieutenant-General Sir William Thwaites | |
| January 1927 | Major-General Leopold C.L. Oldfield | |
| January 1931 | Major-General Richard D. F. Oldman | |
| January 1935 | Major-General Clive G. Liddell |
Two wooden memorial crosses erected at High Wood and Eaucourt l'Abbaye by 47 Divisional Engineers in 1916[18] were falling into disrepair by 1925, when they were replaced in stone. The restored wooden crosses were preserved at the Duke of York's Headquarters in London (the former divisional HQ) until that building was sold in 2003, and are now at Connaught House, the HQ of the London Irish Rifles on the site of the former First Surrey Rifles drill hall at Flodden Road, Camberwell.[19] [20]