February 2 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 506  - Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alaricianum or Lex Romana Visigothorum), a collection of "Roman law".
• 880  - Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King Louis III of France is defeated by the Norse Great Heathen Army at Lüneburg Heath in Saxony.^[1]
• 962  - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.
• 1032  - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes king of Burgundy.
• 1141  - The Battle of Lincoln, at which Stephen, King of England is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda.^[2]
• 1207  - Terra Mariana, eventually comprising present-day Latvia and Estonia, is established.
• 1428  - An intense earthquake struck the Principality of Catalonia, with the epicenter near Camprodon.^[3] Widespread destruction and heavy casualties were reported.^[4]
• 1438  - Nine leaders of the Transylvanian peasant revolt are executed at Torda.
• 1461  - Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Mortimer's Cross results in the death of Owen Tudor.
• 1536  - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1601–1900

• 1645  - Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Inverlochy.
• 1653  - New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) is incorporated.^[5]
• 1709  - Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring Daniel Defoe's adventure book Robinson Crusoe.
• 1814  - The last of the River Thames frost fairs comes to an end.^[6]
• 1848  - Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.
• 1850  - Brigham Young declares war on Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.
• 1868  - Pro-Imperial forces capture Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burn it to the ground.
• 1870  - The Seven Brothers (Seitsemän veljestä), a novel by Finnish author Aleksis Kivi, is published first time in several thin booklets.^[7]
• 1876  - The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.
• 1881  - The sentences of the trial of the warlocks of Chiloé are imparted.^{[8] [9]}
• 1887  - In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, the first Groundhog Day is observed.
• 1899  - The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne decides to locate Australia's capital city, Canberra, between Sydney and Melbourne.
• 1900  - Boston, Detroit, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Chicago and St. Louis, agree to form baseball's American League.^[10]

1901–present

• 1901  - Funeral of Queen Victoria.
• 1909  - The Paris Film Congress opens, an attempt by European producers to form an equivalent to the MPCC cartel in the United States.^[11]
• 1913  - Grand Central Terminal opens in New York City.
• 1920  - The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.
• 1922  - Ulysses by James Joyce is published.^[12]
• 1922  - The uprising called the "pork mutiny" starts in the region between Kuolajärvi and Savukoski in Finland.^{[13] [14]}
• 1925  - Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.
• 1934  - The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.
• 1935  - Leonarde Keeler administers polygraph tests to two murder suspects, the first time polygraph evidence was admitted in U.S. courts.
• 1942  - The Osvald Group is responsible for the first, active event of anti-Nazi resistance in Norway, to protest the inauguration of Vidkun Quisling.
• 1943  - World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last organized German troops in the city.
• 1954  - The Detroit Red Wings played in the first outdoor hockey game by any NHL team in an exhibition against the Marquette Branch Prison Pirates in Marquette, Michigan.^[15]
• 1959  - Nine experienced ski hikers in the northern Ural Mountains in the Soviet Union die under mysterious circumstances.
• 1966  - Pakistan suggests a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
• 1971  - Idi Amin replaces President Milton Obote as leader of Uganda.
• 1971  - The international Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands is signed in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran.
• 1980  - Reports surface that the FBI is targeting allegedly corrupt Congressmen in the Abscam operation.
• 1982  - Hama massacre: The government of Syria attacks the town of Hama.
• 1987  - After the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippines enacts a new constitution.
• 1989  - Soviet–Afghan War: The last Soviet armoured column leaves Kabul.
• 1990  - Apartheid: F. W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the African National Congress and promises to release Nelson Mandela.
• 1998  - Cebu Pacific Flight 387 crashes into Mount Sumagaya in the Philippines, killing all 104 people on board.^[16]
• 2000  - First digital cinema projection in Europe (Paris) realized by Philippe Binant with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments.
• 2004  - Swiss tennis player Roger Federer becomes the No. 1 ranked men's singles player, a position he will hold for a record 237 weeks.^[17]
• 2005  - The Government of Canada introduces the Civil Marriage Act. This legislation would become law on July 20, 2005, legalizing same-sex marriage.
• 2007  - Police officer Filippo Raciti is killed when a clash breaks out in the Sicily derby between Catania and Palermo, in the Serie A, the top flight of Italian football. This event led to major changes in stadium regulations in Italy.
• 2012  - The ferry MV Rabaul Queen sinks off the coast of Papua New Guinea near the Finschhafen District, with an estimated 146–165 dead.
• 2021  - The Burmese military establishes the State Administration Council, the military junta, after deposing the democratically elected government in the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.^[18]

Births

Pre-1600

• 450  - Justin I, Byzantine emperor (d. 527)^[19]
• 1208  - James I of Aragon (d. 1276)^[20]
• 1425 (or 1426)  - Eleanor of Navarre, Queen regnant of Navarre (d. 1479)^[21]
• 1443  - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1486)
• 1455  - John, King of Denmark (d. 1513)
• 1457  - Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Italian-Spanish historian and author (d. 1526)
• 1467  - Columba of Rieti, Italian Dominican sister (d. 1501)
• 1494  - Bona Sforza, queen of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1557)
• 1502  - Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher and historian (d. 1574)
• 1506  - René de Birague, Italian-French cardinal and politician (d. 1583)
• 1509  - John of Leiden, Dutch Anabaptist leader (d. 1536)
• 1517  - Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1587)^[22]
• 1522  - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1565)
• 1536  - Piotr Skarga, Polish writer (d. 1612)
• 1551  - Nicolaus Reimers, German astronomer (d. 1600)
• 1576  - Alix Le Clerc, French Canoness Regular and foundress (d. 1622)^[23]
• 1585  - Judith Quiney, William Shakespeare's youngest daughter (d. 1662)
• 1585  - Hamnet Shakespeare, William Shakespeare's only son (baptised;^[24] d. 1596)
• 1588  - Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl, German nobleman (d. 1644)
• 1600  - Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (d. 1653)

1601–1900

• 1611  - Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (d. 1633)
• 1613  - Noël Chabanel, French missionary and saint (d. 1649)
• 1621  - Johannes Schefferus, Swedish author and hymn-writer (d. 1679)
• 1650  - Pope Benedict XIII (d. 1730)
• 1650  - Nell Gwyn, English actress, mistress of King Charles II of England (d. 1687)
• 1651  - William Phips, Royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1695)
• 1669  - Louis Marchand, French organist and composer (d. 1732)
• 1677  - Jean-Baptiste Morin, French composer (d. 1745)^[25]
• 1695  - William Borlase, English geologist and archaeologist (d. 1772)
• 1695  - François de Chevert, French general (d. 1769)^[26]
• 1700  - Johann Christoph Gottsched, German author and critic (d. 1766)
• 1711  - Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg (d. 1794)
• 1714  - Gottfried August Homilius, German organist and composer (d. 1785)
• 1717  - Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (d. 1790)
• 1754  - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1838)^[27]
• 1782  - Henri de Rigny, French admiral and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1835)
• 1786  - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (d. 1856)
• 1802  - Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, French chemist and academic (d. 1887)
• 1803  - Albert Sidney Johnston, American general (d. 1862)
• 1829  - Alfred Brehm, German zoologist and illustrator (d. 1884)
• 1829  - William Stanley, English engineer and philanthropist (d. 1909)
• 1841  - François-Alphonse Forel, Swiss limnologist and hydrologist (d. 1912)
• 1842  - Julian Sochocki, Polish-Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1927)
• 1849  - Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet and playwright (d. 1921)
• 1851  - José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican illustrator and engraver (d. 1913)
• 1856  - Frederick William Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (d. 1938)
• 1856  - Makar Yekmalyan, Armenian composer (d. 1905)
• 1857  - Jan Drozdowski, Polish pianist and music teacher (d. 1918)^[28]
• 1860  - Curtis Guild, Jr., American journalist and politician, 43rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915)
• 1861  - Solomon R. Guggenheim, American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (d. 1949)
• 1862  - Émile Coste, French fencer (d. 1927)^[29]
• 1862  - Cornelius McKane, American physician, educator, and hospital founder (d. 1912)^[30]
• 1866  - Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter and academic (d. 1927)
• 1869  - Alexander Atabekian, Armenian physician and anarchist publisher (d. 1933)^[31]
• 1873  - Leo Fall, Austrian composer (d. 1925)
• 1873  - Konstantin von Neurath, German politician and diplomat, 13th German Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1956)
• 1875  - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian-American violinist and composer (d. 1962)
• 1877  - Frank L. Packard, Canadian author (d. 1942)
• 1878  - Joe Lydon, American boxer (d. 1937)^[32]
• 1880  - Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (d. 1969)^[33]
• 1881  - Orval Overall, American baseball player and manager (d. 1947)
• 1882  - Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (d. 1944)^[34]
• 1882  - James Joyce, Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1941)
• 1883  - Johnston McCulley, American author and screenwriter, created Zorro (d. 1958)
• 1883  - Julia Nava de Ruisánchez, Mexican activist and writer (d. 1964)^[35]
• 1885  - Mikhail Frunze, Soviet revolutionary, politician, army officer and military theorist (d. 1925)^[36]
• 1886  - William Rose Benét, American poet and author (d. 1950)
• 1887  - Ernst Hanfstaengl, German businessman (d. 1975)
• 1889  - Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general (d. 1952)
• 1890  - Charles Correll, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1972)^[37]
• 1892  - Tochigiyama Moriya, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 27th Yokozuna (d. 1959)
• 1893  - Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (d. 1974)
• 1893  - Raoul Riganti, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1970)^[38]
• 1893  - Damdin Sükhbaatar, Mongolian soldier and politician (d. 1924)
• 1895  - George Halas, American football player and coach (d. 1983)
• 1895  - Robert Philipp, American painter (d. 1981)
• 1895  - George Sutcliffe, Australian public servant (d. 1964)^[39]
• 1896  - Kazimierz Kuratowski, Polish mathematician and logician (d. 1980)
• 1897  - Howard Deering Johnson, American businessman, founded Howard Johnson's (d. 1972)
• 1897  - Gertrude Blanch, Russian-American mathematician (d. 1996)
• 1900  - Willie Kamm, American baseball player and manager (d. 1988)

1901–present

• 1901  - Jascha Heifetz, Lithuanian-American violinist and educator (d. 1987)^[40]
• 1902  - Newbold Morris, American lawyer and politician (d. 1966)
• 1902  - John Tonkin, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1995)
• 1904  - Bozorg Alavi, Iranian author and activist (d. 1997)^[41]
• 1905  - Ayn Rand, Russian-born American novelist and philosopher (d. 1982)^[40]
• 1908  - Wes Ferrell, American baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
• 1909  - Frank Albertson, American actor (d. 1964)^[42]
• 1911  - Jack Pizzey, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Queensland (d. 1968)
• 1912  - Millvina Dean, English civil servant and cartographer (d. 2009)^[43]
• 1912  - Burton Lane, American songwriter and composer (d. 1997)
• 1913  - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor and singer (d. 1985)^[44]
• 1914  - Eric Kierans, Canadian economist and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Communications (d. 2004)
• 1915  - Abba Eban, South African-Israeli politician and diplomat, 1st Israel Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2002)
• 1915  - Stan Leonard, Canadian golfer (d. 2005)
• 1915  - Khushwant Singh, Indian journalist and author (d. 2014)
• 1916  - Xuân Diệu, Vietnamese poet and author (d. 1985)^[45]
• 1917  - Mary Ellis, British World War II ferry pilot (d. 2018)^[46]
• 1917  - Đỗ Mười, Vietnamese politician, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2018)
• 1918  - Hella Haasse, Indonesian-Dutch author (d. 2011)^[47]
• 1919  - Lisa Della Casa, Swiss soprano and actress (d. 2012)^[48]
• 1919  - Georg Gawliczek, German footballer and manager (d. 1999)
• 1920  - George Hardwick, English footballer and coach (d. 2004)
• 1920  - John Russell, American Olympic equestrian (d. 2020)
• 1920  - Arthur Willis, English football player-manager (d. 1987)^[49]
• 1922  - Kunwar Digvijay Singh, Indian field hockey player (d. 1978)
• 1922  - Robert Chef d'Hôtel, French athlete (d. 2019)
• 1922  - Stoyanka Mutafova, Bulgarian actress (d. 2019)
• 1922  - James L. Usry, American politician, first African-American mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey (d. 2002)
• 1923  - Jean Babilée, French dancer and choreographer (d. 2014)
• 1923  - James Dickey, American poet and novelist (d. 1997)
• 1923  - Svetozar Gligorić, Serbian and Yugoslav chess grandmaster (d. 2012)
• 1923  - Bonita Granville, American actress and producer (d. 1988)
• 1923  - Red Schoendienst, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2018)
• 1923  - Liz Smith, American journalist and author (d. 2017)^[40]
• 1923  - Clem Windsor, Australian rugby player and surgeon (d. 2007)^[50]
• 1924  - Sonny Stitt, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1982)
• 1924  - Elfi von Dassanowsky, Austrian-American singer, pianist, producer (d. 2007)^[51]
• 1925  - Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French academic and politician, 20th President of France (d. 2020)
• 1927  - Stan Getz, American saxophonist (d. 1991)^[40]
• 1927  - Doris Sams, American baseball player (d. 2012)
• 1928  - Ciriaco De Mita, 47th Prime minister of Italy^[52] (d. 2022)
• 1928  - Gamal Hamdan, Egyptian scholar and geographer (d. 1993)^[53]
• 1928  - Jay Handlan, American basketball player and engineer (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Tommy Harmer, English footballer and youth team coach (d. 2007)^[54]
• 1929  - Sheila Matthews Allen, American actress and producer (d. 2013)^[55]
• 1929  - George Band, English engineer and mountaineer (d. 2011)
• 1929  - Věra Chytilová, Czech actress, director, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1929  - John Henry Holland, American computer scientist and academic (d. 2015)
• 1929  - Waldemar Kmentt, Austrian operatic tenor (d. 2015)^[56]
• 1931  - Les Dawson, English comedian and author (d. 1993)
• 1931  - Glynn Edwards, Malaysian-English actor (d. 2018)^[57]
• 1931  - John Paul Harney, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2021)^[58]
• 1931  - Dries van Agt, Dutch politician, diplomat and jurist, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2024)
• 1931  - Judith Viorst, American journalist and author
• 1932  - Arthur Lyman, American jazz vibraphone and marimba player (d. 2002)
• 1932  - Robert Mandan, American actor (d. 2018)
• 1933  - M'el Dowd, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
• 1933  - Tony Jay, English-American actor (d. 2006)
• 1933  - Orlando "Cachaíto" López, Cuban bassist and composer (d. 2009)
• 1933  - Than Shwe, Burmese general and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Burma
• 1934  - Khalil Ullah Khan, Bangladeshi actor (d. 2014)^[59]
• 1935  - Pete Brown, American golfer (d. 2015)
• 1935  - Evgeny Velikhov, Russian physicist and academic
• 1936  - Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer and manager (d. 1991)
• 1937  - Don Buford, American baseball player and coach
• 1937  - Eric Arturo Delvalle, Panamanian lawyer and politician, President of Panama (d. 2015)
• 1937  - Anthony Haden-Guest, British journalist, poet, and critic
• 1937  - Remak Ramsay, American actor^[60]
• 1937  - Tom Smothers, American comedian, actor, and activist (d. 2023)^[61]
• 1937  - Alexandra Strelchenko, Ukrainian actress and singer (d. 2019)^[62]
• 1938  - Norman Fowler, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1938  - Bo Hopkins, American actor (d. 2022)^[63]
• 1938  - Gene MacLellan, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1995)
• 1939  - Jackie Burroughs, English-born Canadian actress (d. 2010)^[64]
• 1939  - Mary-Dell Chilton, American chemist and inventor and one of the founders of modern plant biotechnology
• 1939  - Dale T. Mortensen, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
• 1940  - Alan Caddy, English guitarist and producer (d. 2000)
• 1940  - Thomas M. Disch, American author and poet (d. 2008)
• 1940  - Wayne Fontes, American football player and coach
• 1940  - David Jason, English actor, director, and producer
• 1941  - Terry Biddlecombe, English jockey (d. 2014)^[65]
• 1941  - Lee Redmond, American woman with the longest fingernails (d. 2023) ^[66]
• 1942  - Graham Nash, English-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1944  - Andrew Davis, English organist and conductor (d. 2024)
• 1944  - Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (d. 2012)^[67]
• 1944  - Ursula Oppens, American pianist and educator
• 1945  - John Eatwell, Baron Eatwell, English economist and academic
• 1946  - John Armitt, English engineer and businessman
• 1946  - Blake Clark, American comedian and actor^[68]
• 1946  - Alpha Oumar Konaré, Malian academic and politician, 3rd President of Mali
• 1946  - Constantine Papadakis, Greek-American businessman and academic (d. 2009)^[69]
• 1947  - Greg Antonacci, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2017)^[70]
• 1947  - Farrah Fawcett, American actress and producer (d. 2009)^[40]
• 1948  - Ina Garten, American chef and author^[71]
• 1948  - Al McKay, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1948  - Roger Williamson, English race car driver (d. 1973)
• 1949  - Duncan Bannatyne, Scottish businessman and philanthropist
• 1949  - Jack McGee, American actor^[71]
• 1949  - Yasuko Namba, Japanese mountaineer (d. 1996)
• 1949  - Brent Spiner, American actor and singer^[71]
• 1949  - Ross Valory, American bass player and songwriter^[71]
• 1950  - Osamu Kido, Japanese wrestler (d. 2023)^[72]
• 1950  - Libby Purves, British journalist and author
• 1950  - Bárbara Rey, Spanish singer and actress^[73]
• 1950  - Barbara Sukowa, German actress^[74]
• 1950  - Genichiro Tenryu, Japanese wrestler
• 1951  - Vangelis Alexandris, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1951  - Ken Bruce, Scottish radio host^[75]
• 1952  - Dave Casper, American football player^[76]
• 1952  - John Cornyn, American lawyer and politician, 49th Attorney General of Texas
• 1952  - Park Geun-hye, South Korean politician, 11th President of South Korea^[40]
• 1952  - Ralph Merkle, American computer scientist and academic
• 1952  - Carol Ann Susi, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1953  - Duane Chapman, American bounty hunter
• 1953  - Jerry Sisk, Jr., American gemologist, co-founded Jewelry Television (d. 2013)
• 1954  - Christie Brinkley, American actress, model, and businesswoman^[71]
• 1954  - Hansi Hinterseer, Austrian skier and actor^[77]
• 1954  - Nelson Ne'e, Solomon Islander politician (d. 2013)^[78]
• 1954  - John Tudor, American baseball player
• 1955  - Leszek Engelking, Polish poet and author (d. 2022)
• 1955  - Bob Schreck, American author^[79]
• 1955  - Michael Talbott, American actor^[80]
• 1955  - Kim Zimmer, American actress^[71]
• 1955  - Jean-Michel Dupuis, French actor (d. 2024)^[81]
• 1956  - Adnan Oktar, Turkish cult leader^[82]
• 1957  - Phil Barney, Algerian-French singer-songwriter^[83]
• 1958  - Michel Marc Bouchard, Canadian playwright^[84]
• 1959  - Dexter Manley, American football player^[85]
• 1961  - Abraham Iyambo, Namibian politician (d. 2013)
• 1961  - Lauren Lane, American actress and academic^[86]
• 1962  - Philippe Claudel, French author, director, and screenwriter
• 1962  - Andy Fordham, English darts player (d. 2021)^{[87] [88]}
• 1962  - Luke Johnson, English businessman^[89]
• 1962  - Paul Kilgus, American baseball player^[90]
• 1962  - Kate Raison, Australian actress
• 1962  - Michael T. Weiss, American actor^[91]
• 1963  - Ilya Byakin, Russian ice hockey player^[92]
• 1963  - Eva Cassidy, American singer and guitarist (d. 1996)^[40]
• 1963  - Kjell Dahlin, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1963  - Andrej Kiska, Slovak entrepreneur and philanthropist, President of Slovakia
• 1963  - Philip Laats, Belgian martial artist^[93]
• 1963  - Stephen McGann, English actor^[94]
• 1963  - Vigleik Storaas, Norwegian pianist^[95]
• 1965  - Carl Airey, English footballer
• 1965  - Naoki Sano, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist^[96]
• 1966  - Andrei Chesnokov, Russian tennis player and coach
• 1966  - Robert DeLeo, American bass player, songwriter, and producer^[71]
• 1966  - Adam Ferrara, American actor and comedian^[97]
• 1966  - Michael Misick, Caicos Islander politician, Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands
• 1967  - Artūrs Irbe, Latvian ice hockey player and coach
• 1967  - Laurent Nkunda, Congolese general
• 1968  - Kenny Albert, American sportscaster^[98]
• 1968  - Sean Elliott, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1968  - Scott Erickson, American baseball player and coach
• 1969  - Dana International, Israeli singer-songwriter^[99]
• 1969  - Valeri Karpin, Estonian-Russian footballer and manager
• 1970  - Roar Strand, Norwegian footballer^[100]
• 1970  - Erik ten Hag, Dutch footballer and manager^[101]
• 1970  - Jennifer Westfeldt, American actress and singer^[71]
• 1971  - Michelle Gayle, English singer-songwriter and actress^[102]
• 1971  - Arly Jover, Spanish actress^[103]
• 1971  - Isaac Kungwane, South African footballer and sportscaster (d. 2014)
• 1971  - Rockwilder, American rapper and producer^[104]
• 1971  - Hwang Seok-jeong, South Korean actress
• 1971  - Jason Taylor, Australian rugby league player and coach^[105]
• 1972  - Hisashi, Japanese musician^[106]
• 1972  - Melvin Mora, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1972  - Aleksey Naumov, Russian footballer^[107]
• 1973  - Andrei Luzgin, Estonian tennis player and coach
• 1973  - Aleksander Tammert, Estonian discus thrower^[108]
• 1973  - Marissa Jaret Winokur, American actress and singer^[71]
• 1975  - Todd Bertuzzi, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975  - Donald Driver, American football player
• 1975  - Ieroklis Stoltidis, Greek footballer
• 1976  - Ryan Farquhar, Northern Irish motorcycle racer
• 1976  - James Hickman, English swimmer
• 1976  - Ana Roces, Filipino actress
• 1977  - Shakira, Colombian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress^[71]
• 1977  - Libor Sionko, Czech footballer
• 1978  - Adam Christopher, New Zealand writer^[109]
• 1978  - Barry Ferguson, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1978  - Dan Gadzuric, Dutch basketball player^[110]
• 1978  - Lee Ji-ah, South Korean actress^[111]
• 1978  - Rich Sommer, American actor^[71]
• 1978  - Faye White, English footballer^[112]
• 1979  - Urmo Aava, Estonian race car driver
• 1979  - Fani Chalkia, Greek hurdler and sprinter^[113]
• 1979  - Christine Lampard, Irish television host^[114]
• 1979  - Shamita Shetty, Indian actress^[115]
• 1979  - Irini Terzoglou, Greek shot putter^[116]
• 1980  - Teddy Hart, Canadian wrestler^[117]
• 1980  - Zhang Jingchu, Chinese actress^[118]
• 1980  - Oleguer Presas, Spanish footballer
• 1981  - Lance Allred, American basketball player and activist^[119]
• 1981  - Emre Aydın, Turkish singer-songwriter^[120]
• 1981  - Michelle Bass, English model and singer^[121]
• 1981  - Salem al-Hazmi, Saudi Arabian terrorist, hijacker of American Airlines Flight 77 (d. 2001)
• 1982  - Sergio Castaño Ortega, Spanish footballer
• 1982  - Kelly Mazzante, American basketball player
• 1982  - Kan Mi-youn, South Korean singer, model, and host
• 1983  - Ronny Cedeño, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1983  - Carolina Klüft, Swedish heptathlete and jumper
• 1983  - Jordin Tootoo, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983  - Jason Vargas, American baseball player^[122]
• 1983  - Vladimir Voskoboinikov, Estonian footballer
• 1983  - Alex Westaway, English singer-songwriter and guitarist^[123]
• 1984  - Brian Cage, American wrestler^[124]
• 1984  - Chin-Lung Hu, Taiwanese baseball player^[125]
• 1984  - Mao Miyaji, Japanese actress^[126]
• 1984  - Rudi Wulf, New Zealand rugby player
• 1985  - Morris Almond, American basketball player^[127]
• 1985  - Masoud Azizi, Afghan sprinter^[128]
• 1985  - Renn Kiriyama, Japanese actor^[129]
• 1985  - Kristo Saage, Estonian basketball player^[130]
• 1985  - Silvestre Varela, Portuguese footballer
• 1986  - Gemma Arterton, English actress and singer^[71]
• 1986  - Miwa Asao, Japanese volleyball player^[131]
• 1987  - Anthony Fainga'a, Australian rugby player
• 1987  - Saia Fainga'a, Australian rugby player
• 1987  - Faydee, Australian singer^[132]
• 1987  - Athena Imperial, Filipino journalist, Miss Earth-Water 2011^[133]
• 1987  - Mimi Page, American singer-songwriter and composer
• 1987  - Gerard Piqué, Spanish footballer
• 1987  - Javon Ringer, American football player
• 1987  - Jill Scott, English footballer^[134]
• 1987  - Martin Spanjers, American actor and producer^[135]
• 1988  - JuJu Chan, Hong Kong-American actress, martial artist, singer, and writer^[136]
• 1988  - Zosia Mamet, American actress^[137]
• 1988  - Brad Peacock, American baseball player^[138]
• 1989  - Harrison Smith, American football player^[139]
• 1989  - Southside, American record producer^[140]
• 1991  - Nathan Delfouneso, English footballer
• 1991  - Gregory Mertens, Belgian footballer (d. 2015)
• 1991  - Shohei Nanba, Japanese actor^[141]
• 1992  - Lammtarra, American race horse (d. 2014)^[142]
• 1992  - Joonas Tamm, Estonian footballer^[143]
• 1993  - Bobby Decordova-Reid, English footballer^[144]
• 1993  - Ravel Morrison, English footballer^[145]
• 1994  - Caterina Bosetti, Italian volleyball player^[146]
• 1995  - Paul Digby, English footballer^[147]
• 1995  - Aleksander Jagiełło, Polish footballer
• 1995  - Arfa Karim, Pakistani student and computer prodigy (d. 2012)
• 1995  - Curtis Lazar, Canadian ice hockey player^[148]
• 1996  - Christian Dvorak, American ice hockey player^[149]
• 1996  - Paul Mescal, Irish actor^[40]
• 1996  - Harry Winks, English footballer^[150]
• 1997  - Ellie Bamber, English actress^[40]
• 1998  - Shiho Katō, Japanese singer and model^[151]
• 1999  - Jeff Okudah, American football player^[152]
• 2000  - Munetaka Murakami, Japanese baseball player^[153]
• 2004  - Eleonore Caburet, French rhythmic gymnast^[154]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 619  - Laurence of Canterbury, English archbishop and saint^[155]
• 880  - Bruno, duke of Saxony
• 1124  - Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1064)
• 1218  - Konstantin of Rostov (b. 1186)
• 1237  - Joan, Lady of Wales
• 1250  - Eric XI of Sweden (b. 1216)
• 1294  - Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1229)
• 1347  - Thomas Bek, Bishop of Lincoln, was the bishop of Lincoln (b. 1282)
• 1348  - Narymunt, Prince of Pinsk
• 1416  - Racek Kobyla of Dvorce^[156]
• 1435  - Joan II of Naples, Queen of Naples (b. 1371)
• 1446  - Vittorino da Feltre, Italian humanist (b. 1378)
• 1448  - Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1372)
• 1461  - Owen Tudor, Welsh founder of the Tudor dynasty (b.)
• 1512  - Hatuey, Caribbean tribal chief
• 1529  - Baldassare Castiglione, Italian soldier and diplomat (b. 1478)
• 1580  - Bessho Nagaharu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1558)
• 1594  - Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer and educator (b. 1525)

1601–1900

• 1648  - George Abbot, English author and politician (b. 1603)
• 1660  - Gaston, Duke of Orléans (b. 1608)
• 1660  - Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (b. 1615)
• 1661  - Lucas Holstenius, German geographer and historian (b. 1596)
• 1675  - Ivan Belostenec, Croatian linguist and lexicographer (b. 1594)
• 1688  - Abraham Duquesne, French admiral (b. 1610)
• 1704  - Guillaume de l'Hôpital, French mathematician and academic (b. 1661)
• 1712  - Martin Lister, English physician and geologist (b. 1639)
• 1714  - John Sharp, English archbishop (b. 1643)
• 1723  - Antonio Maria Valsalva, Italian anatomist and physician (b. 1666)
• 1768  - Robert Smith, English mathematician and theorist (b. 1689)
• 1769  - Pope Clement XIII (b. 1693)
• 1798  - Ferdinand Ashmall, English centenarian, Catholic priest, died in 73rd year of his ministry (b. 1695)^[157]
• 1802  - Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, English politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1713)
• 1804  - George Walton, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1749)
• 1831  - Vincenzo Dimech, Maltese sculptor (b. 1768)
• 1836  - Letizia Ramolino, Italian noblewoman (b. 1750)^[158]
• 1861  - Théophane Vénard, French Catholic missionary (b. 1829)^[159]
• 1881  - Henry Parker, English-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1808)

1901–present

• 1904  - Ernest Cashel, American-Canadian criminal (b. 1882)
• 1904  - William Collins Whitney, American financier and politician, 31st United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1841)
• 1905  - Henri Germain, French banker and politician, founded Le Crédit Lyonnais (b. 1824)
• 1907  - Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist and academic (b. 1834)
• 1909  - Carlo Acton, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1829)
• 1913  - Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer (b. 1845)
• 1918  - John L. Sullivan, American boxer (b. 1858)
• 1919  - Julius Kuperjanov, Estonian lieutenant (b. 1894)
• 1925  - Antti Aarne, Finnish historian and academic (b. 1867)
• 1925  - Jaap Eden, Dutch speed skater and cyclist (b. 1873)
• 1926  - Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Russian general and politician (b. 1848)
• 1932  - Agha Petros, Assyrian general and politician (b. 1880)
• 1939  - Amanda McKittrick Ros, Irish author and poet (b. 1860)^[160]
• 1939  - Bernhard Gregory, Estonian-German chess player (b. 1879)
• 1942  - Ado Birk, Estonian lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1883)
• 1942  - Daniil Kharms, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1905)
• 1942  - Hugh D. McIntosh, Australian businessman (b. 1876)^[161]
• 1945  - Alfred Delp, German priest and philosopher (b. 1907)
• 1945  - Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, German economist and politician (b. 1884)
• 1945  - Johannes Popitz, German lawyer and politician (b. 1884)
• 1948  - Thomas W. Lamont, American banker and philanthropist (b. 1870)
• 1948  - Bevil Rudd, South African runner and journalist (b. 1894)
• 1950  - Constantin Carathéodory, Greek mathematician and academic (b. 1873)
• 1952  - Callistratus of Georgia, Georgian patriarch (b. 1866)
• 1954  - Hella Wuolijoki, Estonian-Finnish author and politician (b. 1886)
• 1956  - Charley Grapewin, American actor (b. 1869)
• 1956  - Truxtun Hare, American football player and hammer thrower (b. 1878)
• 1956  - Pyotr Konchalovsky, Russian painter (b. 1876)
• 1957  - Grigory Landsberg, Russian physicist and academic (b. 1890)
• 1962  - Shlomo Hestrin, Canadian-Israeli biochemist and academic (b. 1914)
• 1966  - Hacı Ömer Sabancı, Turkish businessman (b. 1906)^[162]
• 1968  - Tullio Serafin, Italian conductor and director (b. 1878)
• 1969  - Boris Karloff, English actor (b. 1887)
• 1970  - Lawrence Gray, American actor (b. 1898)^[163]
• 1970  - Bertrand Russell, English mathematician and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)
• 1970  - Hannah Ryggen, Norwegian textile artist (b. 1894)^[164]
• 1972  - Natalie Clifford Barney, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1876)
• 1973  - Hendrik Elias, Belgian academic and politician, 9th Mayor of Ghent (b. 1902)
• 1974  - Imre Lakatos, Hungarian-English mathematician and philosopher (b. 1922)
• 1975  - Gustave Lanctot, Canadian historian and academic (b. 1883)
• 1979  - Jim Burke, Australian cricketer (b. 1930)
• 1979  - Sid Vicious, English singer and bass player (b. 1957)
• 1980  - William Howard Stein, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 1982  - Paul Desruisseaux, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1905)^[165]
• 1983  - Sam Chatmon, American singer and guitarist (b. 1897)^[166]
• 1986  - Anita Cobby, Australian murder victim (b. 1959)^[167]
• 1986  - Gino Hernandez, American wrestler (b. 1957)^[168]
• 1987  - Carlos José Castilho, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
• 1987  - Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 1988  - Marcel Bozzuffi, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
• 1989  - Ondrej Nepela, Slovak figure skater and coach (b. 1951)
• 1989  - Arnold Nordmeyer, New Zealand minister and politician, 30th New Zealand Minister of Finance (b. 1901)
• 1990  - Paul Ariste, Estonian linguist and academic (b. 1905)^[169]
• 1990  - Joe Erskine, Welsh boxer (b. 1934)
• 1992  - Bert Parks, American actor, singer, television personality; Miss America telecast presenter (b. 1914)
• 1993  - François Reichenbach, French director and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 1994  - Marija Gimbutas, Lithuanian-American archeologist (b. 1921)^[170]
• 1995  - Thomas Hayward, American tenor and actor (b. 1917)^[171]
• 1995  - Fred Perry, English tennis player (b. 1909)^[172]
• 1995  - Donald Pleasence, English-French actor (b. 1919)
• 1996  - Gene Kelly, American actor, singer, dancer, and director (b. 1912)^[173]
• 1997  - Erich Eliskases, Austrian chess player (b. 1913)^[174]
• 1997  - Sanford Meisner, American actor and coach (b. 1904)
• 1998  - Haroun Tazieff, German-French geologist and cinematographer (b. 1914)
• 1999  - David McComb, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1962)
• 2002  - Paul Baloff, American singer-songwriter (b. 1960)^[175]
• 2002  - Claude Brown, American author (b. 1937)^[176]
• 2003  - Lou Harrison, American composer and educator (b. 1917)
• 2004  - Bernard McEveety, American director and producer (b. 1924)
• 2005  - Birgitte Federspiel, Danish actress (b. 1925)^[177]
• 2005  - Max Schmeling, German boxer (b. 1905)
• 2007  - Vijay Arora, Indian actor (b. 1944)^[178]
• 2007  - Billy Henderson, American singer (b. 1939)^[179]
• 2007  - Joe Hunter, American pianist (b. 1927)^[180]
• 2007  - Filippo Raciti, Italian police officer (b. 1967)^[181]
• 2007  - Eric Von Schmidt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1931)^[182]
• 2007  - Masao Takemoto, Japanese gymnast (b. 1919)^[183]
• 2008  - Barry Morse, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1918)
• 2008  - Katoucha Niane, Guinean model and author (b. 1960)^[184]
• 2011  - Edward Amy, Canadian general (b. 1918)
• 2011  - Defne Joy Foster, Turkish actress (b. 1975)^[185]
• 2011  - Margaret John, Welsh actress (b. 1926)
• 2012  - Joyce Barkhouse, Canadian author (b. 1913)^[186]
• 2012  - Frederick William Danker, American lexicographer and scholar (b. 1920)
• 2012  - George Esper, American journalist and academic (b. 1932)
• 2012  - Dorothy Gilman, American author (b. 1923)
• 2012  - James F. Lloyd, American pilot and politician (b. 1922)
• 2013  - Abraham Iyambo, Namibian politician (b. 1961)
• 2013  - John Kerr, American actor and lawyer (b. 1931)
• 2013  - Chris Kyle, American soldier and sniper (b. 1974)
• 2013  - Lino Oviedo, Paraguayan general and politician (b. 1943)
• 2013  - Pepper Paire, American baseball player (b. 1924)
• 2013  - P. Shanmugam, Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Puducherry (b. 1927)^[187]
• 2013  - Walt Sweeney, American football player (b. 1941)^[188]
• 2013  - Guy F. Tozzoli, American architect (b. 1922)^[189]
• 2014  - Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (b. 1935)
• 2014  - Tommy Aquino, American motorcycle racer (b. 1992)^[190]
• 2014  - Nicholas Brooks, English historian (b. 1941)
• 2014  - Eduardo Coutinho, Brazilian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2014  - Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1967)
• 2014  - Luis Raúl, Puerto Rican comedian and actor (b. 1962)^[191]
• 2014  - Bunny Rugs, Jamaican singer (b. 1948)^[192]
• 2014  - Nigel Walker, English footballer (b. 1959)^[193]
• 2015  - Joseph Alfidi, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1949)
• 2015  - Dave Bergman, American baseball player (b. 1953)
• 2015  - Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1968)^[194]
• 2015  - Molade Okoya-Thomas, Nigerian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1935)
• 2015  - Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (b. 1922)^[195]
• 2015  - The Jacka, American rapper and producer (b. 1977)^[196]
• 2016  - Bob Elliott, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 2020  - Bernard Ebbers, Canadian businessman, the co-founder and CEO of WorldCom (b. 1941)^[197]
• 2021  - Captain Sir Tom Moore, British Army officer and charity campaigner (b. 1920)^[198]
• 2023  - K. Viswanath, Indian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1930)^[199]
• 2023  - Butch Miles, American jazz drummer (b. 1944)^[200]
• 2024 – Don Murray, American actor (b. 1929)^[201]
• 2024  - Carl Weathers, American football player and actor (b. 1948)^[202]

Holidays and observances

• Groundhog Day
• Anniversary of Treaty of Tartu (Estonia)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Adalbard
  • Cornelius the Centurion
  • Martyrs of Ebsdorf
  • February 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Philippines)
• Day of Youth (Azerbaijan)
• Earliest day on which Shrove Monday can fall, while March 8 is the latest; celebrated on Monday before Ash Wednesday (Christianity), and its related observances:
  • Bun Day (Iceland)
  • Fastelavn (Denmark/Norway)
  • Nickanan Night (Cornwall)
  • Rosenmontag (Germany)
• Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple or Candlemas (Western Christianity), and its related observances:
  • A quarter day in the Christian liturgical calendar (due to Candlemas). (Scotland)
  • Celebration of Yemanja or Our Lady of Navigators (Candomblé)
  • Chandeleur (France)
  • Liichtmëssdag (Luxembourg)
  • Our Lady of the Candles (Filipino Catholics)
  • Virgin of Candelaria (Tenerife, Spain)
• Victory of the Battle of Stalingrad (Russia)
• World Wetlands Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on February 2

Notes and References

1. Book: Palgrave, Sir Francis. Francis Palgrave. The History of Normandy and of England. 1851. J. W. Parker and son. 569.
2. Book: Davis, R. H. C.. R. H. C. Davis. From Alfred the Great to Stephen. 1 January 1991. A&C Black. 978-1-85285-045-6. 193.
3. Web site: Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy 461 B.C. - 1997and Mediterranean area 760 B.C. - 1500. Guidoboni E.. Ferrari G.. Mariotti D.. Comastri A.. Tarabusi G.. Valensise G.. amp. 2010-02-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20100326045332/http://storing.ingv.it/cfti4med/. 26 March 2010 .
4. Web site: 13 March 2011. March 2011. El terratrèmol de Catalunya de 1428. Sàpiens.
5. Book: O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey. Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan. History of New Netherland Or, New York Under the Dutch. 1848. D. Appleton & Company. 213.
6. Web site: All the fun of the Frost Fair: why, when and how did Londoners party on the ice?. 27 November 2018. Museum of London. 3 December 2020.
7. Web site: Seitsemän veljestä 150 juhlavuosi. 2023-02-02. Nurmijärvi. fi.
8. Proceso de los brujos de Chiloé . Anales chilenos de historia de la medicina . Osorio . Cipriano . II . 124–162 . I . 1960 . Spanish.
9. Web site: Juicio a los brujos de Chiloé. 2020-03-20. Memoria Chilena. Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. Spanish.
10. Book: Legrand, Jacques. Chronicle of the 20th Century. Ecam Publication. 1987. 10. 0-942191-01-3.
11. Book: Thorsen, Isak. Nordisk Films Kompagni 1906-1924. 5. The Rise and Fall of the Polar Bear. Indiana University Press. 2017. 71–73.
12. Web site: Ulysses by James Joyce (February 1922) | the New York Public Library . 2024-09-06 . www.nypl.org .
13. Book: Niinistö, Jussi. Heimosotien historia 1918–1922. Helsinki. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. 2005. 951-746-687-0. fi.
14. Book: Salomaa, Markku. Punaupseerien nousu ja tuho. Otava. 2018. 978-951-1-32381-5. fi.
15. Web site: Dow . Bill . The Jailhouse Rocked When the Wings Played in Prison . detroitathletic.com . October 13, 2009 . May 28, 2014 . September 13, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140913074801/http://blog.detroitathletic.com/2009/10/13/the-jailhouse-rocked-when-the-wings-played-in-prison/ . dead .
16. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 RP-C1507 Cagayan de Oro-Lumbia Airport (CGY). 2022-02-01. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
17. Web site: Staff . Al Jazeera . Infographic: Roger Federer's career in charts . 2024-09-06 . Al Jazeera . en.
18. Web site: 2 February 2021 . ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ခေါင်းဆောင်သည့် ၁၁ ဦးပါ စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီဖွဲ့စည်း . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210206234554/https://burmese.dvb.no/archives/438760 . 6 February 2021 . 2 February 2021 . . my.
19. Web site: https://chilonas.com/2021/04/16/%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%B1-450-527%CE%BF-%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC/. April 16, 2021. el. el:Ιουστίνος Α’ (450-527)…ο ικανός αυτοκράτωρ. Justin I (450-527)… the capable emperor. May 9, 2022.
20. Encyclopedia: Emilio Sáez. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. James I. May 24, 2020.
21. Book: Anne Commire. Deborah Klezmer. Women in World History: Ead-Fur. registration. 2000. Yorkin Publications. 978-0-7876-4064-4. 105.
22. Web site: Gotthard Kettler. February 10, 2022 . no. May 5, 2022.
23. Book: Gallick, Sarah. The Big Book of Women Saints. San Francisco. HarperCollins. 2007. 17. 978-0-06082-512-6.
24. Book: Paul Edmondson. Stanley Wells. The Shakespeare Circle: An Alternative Biography. 22 October 2015. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-316-40462-1. 101.
25. Book: Morin, Jean-Baptiste (1677-1745). Bnf.fr. fr. Mar 4, 2020.
26. Book: 1830. CHEVERT. https://books.google.com/books?id=boFSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA241. BIOGRAPHIE ARDENNAISE. fr. 1. Paris. 241. Mar 6, 2020. Boulliot. Jean B..
27. Web site: Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand summary Britannica . www.britannica.com . 26 June 2022 . en.
28. Web site: Jan Drozdowski. pl. February 5, 2020.
29. Web site: Émile Coste. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417200706/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/emile-coste-1.html. dead. April 17, 2020. Sports-Reference.com. March 4, 2020.
30. Elmore . Charles . Summer 2004 . Black Medical Pioneers in Savannah, 1892-1909: Cornelius McKane and Alice Woodby McKane . The Georgia Historical Quarterly . 88 . 2 . 179–196 . 40584737 .
31. Book: Biryukova. Andreya. 2013. Предисловие. Preface. Против власти: сборник статей. Against Power: a collection of articles. Moscow. Librocom. 978-5-397-03166-0. 840427393. 5. ru.
32. Web site: Joseph Lydon. https://web.archive.org/web/20070209013034/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LYDONJOS01. Feb 5, 2020. February 9, 2007.
33. Web site: Fred Lane. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165543/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/fred-lane-1.html. dead. April 17, 2020. Sports-Reference.com. Mar 5, 2020.
34. Book: André (1882-1944; prince de Grèce et de Danemark). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
35. Web site: Julia Nava de Ruisánchez - Detalle del autor - Enciclopedia de la Literatura en México - FLM - CONACULTA. www.elem.mx. es. 2018-08-03.
36. Book: McCauley, Martin . Who's who in Russia since 1900 . 1997 . Routledge . 978-0-415-13897-0 . Who's who series . London . 87–88.
37. Web site: Charles J. Correll. Filmweb.pl. pl. Feb 10, 2020.
38. Web site: Raoul Riganti. Mar 6, 2020.
39. Book: Sutcliffe, George Gribbon (1895–1964). Hilary Kent. George Gribbon Sutcliffe (1895–1964) . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. https://web.archive.org/web/20150405012008/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutcliffe-george-gribbon-11805. Mar 5, 2020. April 5, 2015.
40. Web site: Famous birthdays for Feb. 2: Gemma Arterton, Paul Mescal . . 1 February 2024 . 2 February 2023.
41. Book: Alavi, Bozorg (1904-1997). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
42. Web site: Frank Albertson. Allmovie.com. May 3, 2020.
43. News: Last Titanic survivor dies at 97. Bbc.co.uk. June 2009. Apr 13, 2020.
44. Web site: Poul Reichhardt. da. Apr 13, 2020.
45. Book: Xuân Diệu (1916-1985). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
46. Web site: Mary Ellis, Who Flew British Spitfires in World War II, Dies at 101. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/26/obituaries/uk-mary-ellis-dead.html . 2022-01-02 . limited . live. Ceylan Yeginsu. Ceylan Yeginsu. Jul 26, 2018. Nytimes.com. May 17, 2020.
47. Book: Haasse, Hella Serafia (1918-2011). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
48. Book: Della Casa, Lisa (1919-2012). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
49. Web site: Class of 51 - Arthur Willis. tottenhamhotspur.com. 31 January 2020.
50. Web site: Clem Windsor. Espn.co.uk. Mar 5, 2020.
51. Web site: ELFI VON DASSANOWSKY. Mar 9, 2020.
52. Book: Gino Moliterno. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. 2002. Routledge. 978-1-134-75877-7. 232.
53. Web site: Dr. Gamal Hemdan . State Information Service (SIS).
54. Web site: Tommy Harmer: Spurs 'charmer' of devilish skill. independent.co.uk. December 28, 2007. 31 January 2020.
55. Web site: Sheila Allen. Allmovie.com. Mar 9, 2020.
56. Web site: Kammersänger Waldemar Kmentt gestorben. January 21, 2015. de. Feb 10, 2020.
57. Web site: Glynn Edwards. https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185134/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9efa5d96. dead. March 8, 2016. Bfi.org.uk. Feb 10, 2020.
58. Web site: John HARNEY Obituary (1931 - 2021) - Toronto, ON - The Globe and Mail . 2023-02-03 . Legacy.com.
59. Web site: Actor Khalil no more. https://web.archive.org/web/20141210175559/http://www.bd.banglanews24.com/fullnews/bn/103029.html. dead. December 10, 2014. Nov 10, 2020.
60. Web site: Remak Ramsay. Ibdb.com. Mar 5, 2020.
61. Web site: France . Lisa . Tom Smothers, one half of famed comedy duo, dies at 86 . CNN . December 27, 2023 . en . December 27, 2023.
62. Web site: Александра Стрельченко / Alexandra Strelchenko /. peoples.ru. ru. Feb 7, 2020.
63. Web site: Koseluk . Chris . Bo Hopkins, 'Wild Bunch' and 'American Graffiti' Actor, Dies at 84 . . 1 February 2024 . 28 May 2022.
64. News: Obituary: Jackie Burroughs dead at 71. The Globe and Mail. 2 February 2018. 22 September 2010.
65. Web site: Terry Biddlecombe - obituaries. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10554122/Terry-Biddlecombe-obituaries.html . January 12, 2022 . subscription . live. Jan 6, 2014. Telegraph.co.uk. Mar 5, 2020.
66. Web site: LeeAnn Redmond Obituary. Legacy.com. Feb 8, 2024.
67. Encyclopedia: Melinda C. Shepherd. Encyclopædia Britannica. Geoffrey Hughes. Feb 19, 2020.
68. Web site: Blake Clark. Zimbio.com. Sep 6, 2020.
69. Web site: Constantine Papadakis, Drexel University President, Dies at 63. Apr 7, 2009. Nytimes.com. May 3, 2020.
70. Web site: Gregory G. Antonacci. Dignitymemorial.com. May 3, 2020.
71. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for February 2, 2023 includes celebrities Shakira, Christie Brinkley . . . 1 February 2024 . 2 February 2023.
72. Web site: Osamu Kido. Mar 9, 2020.
73. Web site: Rey, Barbara, 1950-. Id.loc.gov. Nov 9, 2020.
74. Web site: Barbara Sukowa wird 65. de. Feb 21, 2020.
75. Web site: Hall of Fame. https://web.archive.org/web/20111205051058/http://www.radioacademy.org/hall-of-fame/. dead. December 5, 2011. Webcitation.org. Feb 18, 2020.
76. Web site: Dave Casper . . 1 February 2024.
77. Book: Hinterseer, Hansi (1954-....). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
78. Web site: Hon. Nelson Ne'e. Feb 5, 2020.
79. Web site: Comics Industry Birthdays. https://web.archive.org/web/20110218031356/http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays. dead. February 18, 2011. John Jackson Miller. John Jackson Miller. Jun 10, 2005. Apr 14, 2020.
80. Web site: Michael Talbott. AllMovie.com. Feb 21, 2020.
81. https://www.bfmtv.com/people/cinema/mort-du-comedien-jean-michel-dupuis_AN-202409150266.html Mort du comédien Jean-Michel Dupuis, second rôle chez Claude Lelouch et Edouard Molinaro
82. Web site: William Armstrong. 2 October 2014. The Mahdi wears Armani: The bizarre world of Adnan Oktar. Hürriyet Daily News.
83. Book: Barney, Phil (1957-....). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 13, 2020.
84. Web site: Michel Marc Bouchard. Leonard E. Doucette. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Mar 5, 2020.
85. Web site: Reilly . Rick . In Search of Trust . . 1 February 2024 . 23 November 1987.
86. Book: Lane, Lauren (1961-....). Bnf.fr. fr. Feb 10, 2020.
87. Web site: Andy Fordham. Feb 10, 2020.
88. News: Andy 'The Viking' Fordham: Former BDO world darts champion dies aged 59 - BBC Sport . BBC Sport . July 15, 2021.
89. Web site: Luke takes cool hand to C4. Frank Kane. Jan 31, 2004. Theguardian.com. Aug 15, 2024.
90. Web site: Paul Kilgus. Baseball-Reference.com. Mar 6, 2020.
91. Web site: Michael T. Weiss. Feb 10, 2020.
92. Web site: Ilya Byakin . . 1 February 2024.
93. Web site: Philip Laats. Feb 10, 2020.
94. Web site: Yandex . Kinopoisk. ru. ru:Стивен МакГанн. Stephen McGann. May 6, 2022.
95. Web site: Vigleik Storaas. Discogs.com. Feb 28, 2020.
96. Web site: Takuma Sano. Apr 14, 2020.
97. Web site: Adam Ferrara. Discogs.com. May 17, 2020.
98. Web site: Kenny Albert. May 6, 2022.
99. Web site: https://www.ishim.co.il/p.php?s=%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C. . he. he:דנה אינטרנשיונל. Dana International. Feb 5, 2020.
100. Web site: Roar i 600. Apr 17, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090420024150/http://www.rbk.no/incoming/article135485.ece. no. Roar in 600. Mar 6, 2020. April 20, 2009.
101. Web site: E. Ten Hag: Summary . Soccerway . Perform Group . 22 April 2022.
102. Web site: Michelle Gayle. Allmusic.com. Apr 13, 2020.
103. Web site: Arly Jover. Allmovie.com. Apr 14, 2020.
104. Web site: Dana Stinson. Discogs. May 5, 2022.
105. Web site: Jason Taylor. Feb 8, 2024.
106. Web site: GLAY profile. Nov 8, 2020.
107. Web site: Aleksei Naumov. et. Mar 5, 2020.
108. Web site: Aleksander TAMMERT. World Athletics. Feb 19, 2020.
109. Web site: Summary Bibliography: Adam Christopher. Isfdb.org. Mar 6, 2020.
110. Web site: Dan Gadzuric . . 1 February 2024.
111. Web site: Lee Ji-ah (이지아). HanCinema. Nov 9, 2020.
112. Web site: F. White. Feb 19, 2020.
113. Web site: Fani CHALKIA. World Athletics. Feb 11, 2020.
114. Web site: Who's that girl?. Tanya Sweeney. July 31, 2010. Independent.ie. Feb 11, 2020.
115. Web site: R Madhavan, Shilpa Shetty, Karishma Tanna, Upen Patel and others attend Shamita Shetty's birthday bash. Sushmita Sen. International Business Times. Feb 4, 2016. Feb 6, 2020. Shamita Shetty celebrated her 37th birthday on 2 February.
116. Web site: Irini TERZOGLOU. World Athletics. Mar 2, 2020.
117. Web site: Teddy Hart. Mar 9, 2020.
118. Web site: Zhang Jing-Chu. Hkmdb.com. Nov 9, 2020.
119. Web site: Lance Allred . . 1 February 2024.
120. Web site: EMRE AYDIN. https://web.archive.org/web/20071010023626/http://www.mtv.com.tr/aid_846_EMRE_AYDIN. dead. October 10, 2007. tr. Apr 14, 2020.
121. Web site: Chicken's out!. Bbc.co.uk. Mar 3, 2020.
122. Web site: Jason Vargas . . 1 February 2024.
123. Web site: Alex Westaway. Bbc.co.uk. Feb 11, 2020. September 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180919102837/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/63eabca1-6ce1-483d-9048-46440e659396. dead.
124. Web site: Brian Cage. Feb 19, 2020.
125. Web site: Chin-lung Hu. MLB.com. Nov 9, 2020.
126. Web site: Mao Miyaji. ja. Feb 28, 2020. February 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200228211013/https://aoao-tt.co.jp/prof_miyaji.html. dead.
127. Web site: Morris Almond . . 1 February 2024.
128. Web site: Masound AZIZI. World Athletics. Mar 3, 2020.
129. Web site: https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/427957/profile/. ORICON NEWS. ja. ja:桐山漣. Kiriyama Ren. Feb 28, 2020 . June 12, 2017 .
130. Web site: Kristo Saage. et. Mar 3, 2020.
131. Web site: Miwa Asao. Bvbinfo.com. Apr 13, 2020.
132. Web site: Faydee. Feb 20, 2020.
133. Web site: Miss Philippines-Earth 2011 Athena Mae Imperial clarifies misconstrued statement about Shamcey Supsup. Glen Sibonga. Oct 14, 2011. Pep.ph. fil. Apr 13, 2020.
134. Web site: J. Scott. May 3, 2020.
135. Web site: Spanjers, Martin, 1987-. Id.loc.gov. Feb 12, 2020.
136. Web site: Chan Yuk-Wan. Hkmdb.com. Nov 9, 2020.
137. Web site: Zosia Mamet. Allmovie.com. May 3, 2020.
138. Web site: Brad Peacock . . 1 February 2024.
139. Web site: Harrison Smith . . 1 February 2024.
140. Web site: Interview: SouthSide. https://web.archive.org/web/20120219025803/http://themarrack.com/interview-southside/. dead. February 19, 2012. Jan 25, 2012. May 3, 2020.
141. Web site: https://www.cyzowoman.com/2012/08/post_6474_1.html. Aug 15, 2012. cyzowoman.com. ja. ja:『忍たま乱太郎』で2.5次元界のアイドルに？ 南羽翔平クンに直撃. Feb 20, 2020.
142. Web site: Lammtarra(USA). Feb 8, 2024.
143. Web site: Joonas Tamm. Uefa.com. May 3, 2020.
144. Web site: Bobby Decordova-Reid. fulhamfc.com. 31 January 2020.
145. News: Man Utd reject bid for Morrison . BBC Sport . 26 February 2021.
146. Web site: Bosetti Caterina. it. Nov 8, 2020.
147. Web site: Paul Digby - Player Profile - Football . Eurosport UK . 26 February 2021 . en.
148. Web site: Curtis Lazar . . 1 February 2024.
149. Web site: Christian Dvorak . . 1 February 2024.
150. Web site: 8: Harry Winks. soccerbase.com. 31 January 2020.
151. Web site: 加藤 史帆 . 日向坂46公式サイト . 11 December 2020 . ja.
152. Web site: Jeff Okudah . . 1 February 2024.
153. Web site: Munetaka Murakami . Nippon Professional Baseball . February 2, 2022.
154. Web site: Eleonore Caburet . ffgym. fr. Feb 8, 2024.
155. Book: Bellenger . Dominic Aidan . Fletcher . Stella . The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury . 17 February 2005 . History Press . 978-0-7524-9495-1 . 149 . en.
156. Web site: Komorní Hrádek. cs. Nov 9, 2020.
157. Book: Nichols. Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle. 1798. E. Cave. 173.
158. Web site: Maria Laetizia Ramolino. May 17, 2020.
159. Web site: San Giovanni Teofane Venard. it. Mar 3, 2020.
160. Book: Ormsby, Frank. Thine in Storm and Calm: An Amanda McKittrick Ros Reader. Belfast St Paul. Blackstaff Press. 1988. 978-0-85640-408-5. 4.
161. Web site: McIntosh, Hugh Donald (1876–1942). Chris Cunneen. 1986. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Apr 14, 2020.
162. Web site: Hacı Ömer Sabancı Biyografisi. tr. Biography of Hacı Ömer Sabancı. Mar 6, 2020.
163. Web site: Gray, Lawrence, 1898-1970. SNAC. Apr 14, 2020.
164. Encyclopedia: Hannah Ryggen . Jan-Lauritz . Opstad . Mats . Linder . . March 14, 2024 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 18 March 2024.
165. Web site: The Hon. Paul Desruisseaux, Q.C., C.G.G., K.M., F.A.I.M., Senator. Mar 6, 2020.
166. Web site: Sam Chatmon. Allmusic.com. May 3, 2020.
167. Web site: Remembering Anita Cobby: 30 years since brutal murder of Sydney nurse. Caity Stone. Feb 1, 2016. Yahoo! News. Feb 20, 2020.
168. Web site: Gino Hernandez. Apr 13, 2020.
169. Web site: Ariste, Paul (1905-1990). fr. Apr 14, 2020.
170. Web site: Marija Gimbutas - Life and Work. https://web.archive.org/web/20040204135051/http://www.online.pacifica.edu/cgl/Gimbutasbio. dead. 2004-02-04. Joan Marler. Jan 1995. May 17, 2020.
171. Web site: Hayward, Thomas, 1917-1995. SNAC. Apr 14, 2020.
172. Web site: Fred Perry: Hero from the wrong side of the tracks . The Independent . 9 February 2022 . en . 15 May 2009.
173. Web site: Gene Kelly Biography, Movies, Songs, Singin' in the Rain, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 17 May 2021 . en.
174. Web site: The Life and Times of ERICH ELISKASES. Michael Ehn. Apr 13, 2020.
175. Web site: Paul Baloff. Metal-archives.com. Apr 14, 2020.
176. Web site: Claude Brown, Manchild of the Promised Land, Dies at 64. Robert F. Worth. Robert F. Worth. Feb 6, 2002. Nytimes.com. Apr 14, 2020.
177. Web site: Federspiel, Birgitte (1925-2005). Biblioteca Nacional de España. Feb 13, 2020.
178. Book: Arora, Vijay (1944-2007). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 13, 2020.
179. Web site: Billy Henderson. Pierre Perrone. Feb 6, 2007. Independent.co.uk. Apr 14, 2020.
180. Web site: Joe Hunter. TheGuardian.com. February 6, 2007 . Mar 3, 2020.
181. Web site: Discovery fatale. Apr 2007. Espresso.repubblica.it. it. Fatal discovery. Mar 6, 2020.
182. Web site: Eric von Schmidt, 75, a Performer and Inspiration to Folk Singers, Dies. Douglas Martin. Feb 3, 2007. Nytimes.com. Feb 13, 2020.
183. Web site: Masao TAKEMOTO. Olympic.org. Feb 13, 2020.
184. Book: Katoucha (1960-2008). Bnf.fr. fr. Apr 14, 2020.
185. Web site: Famous actress, TV host Defne Joy Foster dies at 31. NURI SOYLU. Feb 2, 2011. Istanbul. https://web.archive.org/web/20110205074914/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-234246-famous-actress-tv-host-defne-joy-foster-dies-at-32.html. Feb 13, 2020. February 5, 2011.
186. Web site: Barkhouse, Joyce. Loc.gov. Mar 6, 2020.
187. Web site: Former Puducherry chief minister Shanmugam dead. Feb 2, 2013. Feb 6, 2020.
188. Web site: Walt Sweeney, All-Pro and Critic of N.F.L., Dies at 71. Daniel E. Slotnik. Feb 6, 2013. Nytimes.com. Feb 6, 2020.
189. Web site: Guy F. Tozzoli, 90, Who Led Team That Built Twin Towers, Is Dead. David W. Dunlap. David W. Dunlap. Feb 6, 2013. Nytimes.com. Feb 6, 2020.
190. Web site: Superbike rider Tommy Aquino dies in tragic motorcross crash in California at the age of 21. Liam Prenderville. Feb 3, 2014. Mirror.co.uk. Feb 13, 2020.
191. Web site: Muere el comediante Luis Raúl. Feb 2, 2014. Elnuevodia.com. es. Comedian Luis Raúl dies. Feb 18, 2020.
192. Web site: Death of a Reggae Ambassador. HOWARD CAMPBELL. Feb 3, 2014. Jamaica Observer. Feb 13, 2020.
193. Web site: Spartans to hold minute's applause for former player Nigel Walker. Mark Carruthers. Mark Carruthers. Feb 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160829045718/http://www.newspostleader.co.uk/sport/local/spartans-to-hold-minute-s-applause-for-former-player-nigel-walker-1-6415197. Feb 6, 2020. August 29, 2016.
194. Web site: https://espreso.tv/news/2015/02/02/na_dnipropetrovschyni_u_dtp_zahynuv_spivak_kuzma_quotskryabinquot. Feb 2, 2015. Espreso.tv. uk. uk:На Дніпропетровщині у ДТП загинув співак Кузьма Скрябін. Kuzma Skryabin, a singer, was killed in an accident in Dnipropetrovsk. Feb 18, 2020.
195. Book: Stern, Stewart (1922-2015). Bnf.fr. fr. Mar 9, 2020.
196. Web site: The Jacka. Last.fm. Apr 14, 2020.
197. News: Obituary: Bernard Ebbers, convicted of orchestrating WorldCom fraud, dead at 78 . Reuters. Feb 3, 2020. Jonathan Stempel. 2020-09-13.
198. News: Captain Sir Tom Moore: 'National inspiration' dies with Covid-19 . BBC. Feb 2, 2021. Feb 2, 2021.
199. News: Legendary director K Viswanath passes away . Indian Express . 3 February 2023 . 3 February 2023 .
200. Web site: Obituaries in Austin, TX Austin American-Statesman . 2023-02-16 . statesman.com . February 8, 2023 . en.
201. News: McFadden . Robert D. . 2024-02-02 . Don Murray, a Star in Films That Took on Social Issues, Dies at 94 . 2024-02-03 . The New York Times.
202. News: Reilly . Patrick . 2024-02-09 . 'Rocky' star Carl Weathers' official cause of death revealed . 2024-02-09 . New York Post.