2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes explained

2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
Timestamp:2023-02-06 01:17:35
Timestamp-A:2023-02-06 10:24:48
Isc-Event:625613033
Isc-Event-A:625614289
Anss-Url:us6000jllz
Anss-Url-A:us6000jlqa
Local-Time:04:17 TRT (UTC+3)
Local-Time-A:13:24 TRT (UTC+3)
Duration:80 seconds
Magnitude: 7.8
Magnitude-A: 7.7
Location:Şehitkamil, Gaziantep
37.166°N 37.032°W (mainshock)
Fault:Dead Sea Transform, East Anatolian Fault, Çardak–Sürgü Fault
Damages:> US$163.6 billion (estimated)
Aftershocks:≥30,000 (by May 2023)
540+ with a or greater[1]
Casualties:59,488–62,013 deaths, 121,704 injured, 140 missing
  • 53,537 deaths, 107,213 injured, 140 missing in Turkey
  • 5,951–8,476 deaths, 14,500 injured in Syria
Type:Strike-slip, supershear, doublet
Affected:Turkey and Syria
Pga:2.212 g
Pgv:215 cm/s
Landslide:Yes
Engvar:en-us

On 6 February 2023, at 04:17 TRT (01:17 UTC), a  7.8 earthquake struck southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria. The epicenter was west–northwest of Gaziantep. The earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme) around the epicenter and in Antakya. It was followed by a 7.7 earthquake at 13:24. This earthquake was centered north-northeast from the first. There was widespread damage and tens of thousands of fatalities.

The 7.8 earthquake is the largest in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake of the same magnitude, and jointly the second-largest in the country, after larger estimates for the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. It is also one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded in the Levant. It was felt as far as Egypt and the Black Sea coast of Turkey. There were more than 30,000 aftershocks in the three months that followed. The seismic sequence was the result of shallow strike-slip faulting along segments of the Dead Sea Transform, East Anatolian and Sürgü–Çardak faults.

There was widespread damage in an area of about, about the size of Germany.[2] An estimated 14 million people, or 16 percent of Turkey's population, were affected.[3] Development experts from the United Nations estimated that about 1.5 million people were left homeless.[4]

The confirmed death toll in Turkey was 53,537; estimates of the number of dead in Syria were between 5,951 and 8,476. It is the deadliest earthquake in what is now present-day Turkey since the 526 Antioch earthquake[5] and the deadliest natural disaster in its modern history.[6] It is also the deadliest in present-day Syria since the 1822 Aleppo earthquake;[7] the deadliest worldwide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake;[8] and the fifth-deadliest of the 21st century.[9] Damages were estimated at US$148.8 billion in Turkey, or nine-percent of the country's GDP, and US$14.8 billion in Syria.[10] [11]

Damaged roads, winter storms, and disruption to communications hampered the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency's rescue and relief effort, which included a 60,000-strong search-and-rescue force,[12] 5,000 health workers[13] and 30,000 volunteers.[14] Following Turkey's call for international help, more than 141,000 people from 94 countries joined the rescue effort.[15]

Tectonic setting

Geology

Central southern Turkey and northwestern Syria are affected by the interaction between three tectonic plates; the African plate, Arabian plate and Anatolian sub-plate. The boundary between the African and Arabian plates is represented by the Dead Sea Transform (DST)—a major zone of left-lateral strike-slip fault—it accommodates the relative northward movement of Arabia with respect to Africa. The northern end of the DST truncates at the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), another major left-lateral strike-slip fault zone that accommodates the overall westward movement of the Anatolian plate as it is extruded in that direction by the northward movement of the Arabian plate. The DST and EAF meet at the Marash triple junction. The EAF continues west of the triple junction, forming the boundary between the African and Anatolian plates, linking into the Cyprus arc to the west via the Latakia Ridge.

The EAF is subdivided into seven segments, from the northeast; the Karlıova, Ilıca, Palu, Pütürge, Erkenek, Pazarcık and Amanos segments.[16] The Amanos segment is also considered part of the DST by some geologists,[17] or a transitional structure between the EAF and DST by others.[18] A northern strand to the EAF has also been recognized, including the Sürgü, Çardak, Savrun, Çokak, Toprakkale, Yumurtalık, Karataş, Yakapınar and Düziçi–İskenderun segments. The estimated slip rate on the main strand of the EAF system decreases south-westwards from per year on the Karlıova segment down to per year on the Amanos segment. On the northern strand, a slip rate of per year was estimated on the Çardak segment.[16] The Sürgü-Çardak Fault is an east–west striking long fault that runs north of the EAF. It branches away from the EAF west of Çelikhan and extends westwards to Göksun.[19] Comprising two segments; the Sürgü Fault runs between Çelikhan and Nurhak; the Çardak Fault runs between Nurhak and Göksun.[20] Seismicity on the fault is low—the only associated earthquake was a M 6.8 event in 1544.

The northern part of the DST is subdivided into several segments, although there is some disagreement between scientists as to which faults should be assigned to the DST and which to the EAF, at the northernmost end of the structure. Following the 2013 "Active Fault Map of Turkey", seven DST segments are recognized in Turkey and neighbouring parts of Syria; the Afrin, Sermada, Armanaz, Hacıpaşa, Yesemek, Sakçagöz and Narlı segments.[16]

Seismicity

The EAF has produced large or damaging earthquakes in the past few hundred years along various segments, including the 1789 (M 7.2, Palu), 1795 (M 7.0, Pazarcık), 1866 (M 7.2 Karlıova),[21] 1872 (M 7.2, Amanos), 1874 (M 7.1, Palu), 1875 (M 6.7, Palu), 1893 (M 7.1, Erkenek), 1971 (M6.6, Karlıova) and 2020 (M 6.8, Pütürge) events.[22] Other large historical earthquakes have been tentatively assigned to segments of the EAF, such as the 1114 and 1513 Marash earthquakes, both thought to have ruptured the Pazarcık segment.[23] [24]

The Palu and Pütürge segments in the east display a recurrence interval of about 150 years for M 6.8–7.0 earthquakes. The Pazarcık and Amanos segments in the west have recurrence intervals of 237–772 years and 414–917 years, respectively, for M 7.0–7.4 earthquakes.[25] A research paper published by Earth and Planetary Science Letters in 2002 studied stress accumulation and increased seismic hazard along the East Anatolian Fault. The study concluded two sections of the fault with a considerably high potential for future earthquakes. One of these sections was in Elazığ and Bingöl, located between the rupture zones of the 1874 and 1971 earthquakes. The seismic gap ruptured during a 6.1 earthquake in 2010. The 2020 6.8 earthquake ruptured to the southwest between the 1893/1905 and 1874 earthquakes.[26] Another seismic gap was located in Kahramanmaraş—this long section—according to the study, believed to last rupture in 1513 has the potential to produce magnitude 7.3 earthquakes.[27]

Large earthquakes on the northern part of the DST include events in 115, 526, 587, 1138, 1170 and 1822, which resulted in several tens of thousands to several hundreds of thousands of fatalities.[28]

Earthquake sequence

The first and largest earthquake in the sequence struck at 01:17 UTC.[29] The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) measured it at 7.8 and 7.8, respectively.[30] GEOSCOPE reported 8.0 and Kandilli Observatory (KOERI) reported 7.7 and 7.4. It had an epicenter west of Gaziantep in Gaziantep Province, which is near the border with Syria. The earthquake hypocenter was at a depth of according to USGS and according to KOERI.[31] The shock had a focal mechanism corresponding to strike-slip faulting.[32] [33]

It is one of the strongest ever recorded in Turkey, equivalent in magnitude to the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (7.8).[34] These earthquakes are surpassed only by the larger estimates for the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake.[35] [36] Globally it was the strongest recorded since August 2021.[37] Both earthquakes are the largest and only observed to occur on land within a short span of time.

At 10:24 UTC, an earthquake measuring 7.5 according to USGS, 7.6 according to KOERI, or 7.7 according to Geoscope and the GCMT, struck with an epicenter near Ekinözü, 95 km northeast of the M7.8 event. It had a depth of according to the USGS, by KOERI,[38] and by Geoscope. The shock was also the result of strike-slip faulting; it had an epicenter north of the previous large earthquake.[39]

A reevaluation of the earthquakes using long-period coda moment magnitude obtained 7.95 ± 0.013 and 7.86 ± 0.012, respectively.[40] These earthquakes were some of the largest Turkish earthquakes in over 2,000 years.[41]

Aftershocks

See main article: List of aftershocks of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake. Over 570 aftershocks were recorded within 24 hours of the 7.8 earthquake and over 30,000 recorded by May 2023.[42] An aftershock measuring 6.7 occurred about 11 minutes after the mainshock.[43] There were 25 aftershocks 4.0 or greater recorded within six hours of the main tremor, according to the USGS. More than 12 hours later, the USGS had reported at least 54 aftershocks of 4.3 or greater magnitude, while the Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) recorded at least 120 total aftershocks.[44] A 6.3 aftershock struck near Uzunbağ in Hatay Province on 20 February; the earthquake was the result of oblique-normal faulting.[45] The 7.8 earthquake had aftershocks distributed along ~ of the EAF.[46]

The 7.7 earthquake triggered its own aftershock sequence,[47] including two  6.0 aftershocks.[48] [49] Aftershocks of the second earthquake continued through at least 9 February.[50] Thousands of aftershocks associated with this earthquake were distributed along an east–west trend corresponding to the Çardak Fault for about .

Seismology

A source model for the 7.8 earthquake produced by the USGS from observed seismic waves, taking into account preliminary rupture mapping from satellite data, uses three fault segments with individual lengths, widths, strikes and dips of > ×, 028°/85° (Segment 1), > ×, 060°/85° (Segment 2) and > ×, 025°/75° (Segment 3). The mainshock produced a maximum slip of along Segment 2, beneath Sakarya in Kahramanmaraş Province, northeast of the junction where it meets Segment 1. Another zone of large slip estimated at occurred further northeast along Segment 2, northwest of Adıyaman.

The USGS source model for the 7.7 earthquake which struck nine hours later has three large fault segments with individual lengths, widths, strikes and dips of > × >, 276°/80° (Segment 1), > × >, 250°/80° (Segment 2) and ~ × >, 060°/80° (Segment 3). Maximum displacement occurred on Segment 1 at .[51]

Three segments of the EAF were involved in the 7.8 rupture; the Amanos, Pazarcık and Erkenek segments. The earthquake ruptured ~ of the EAF, producing a maximum slip of up to ~ along the Pazarcık segment.[52] [53] The northern end of the rupture was about south of the 6.8 earthquake that struck in 2020. This section of the EAF, the Pütürge segment, between both earthquakes, may represent a seismic gap. The southern segment of the EAF rupture was at its termination, near Antakya. Slip peaked at from the surface to depth during the 7.7 earthquake; slip was at the surface. Slip along the fault was compact—mostly confined to within the Çardak Fault; it was also shallower—attenuating from . Slip during the 7.8 event extended to and for the 7.7 event. The 6.4 aftershock that struck Antakya on 20 February had a rupture area of × and produced a peak slip of at depth.[54]

Preliminary analysis of the effects of stress changes caused by the M7.8 earthquake on the Çardak–Sürgü Fault, based on the USGS fault model, indicated up to 3 bars of added stress near the epicenter of the M7.7 shock, sufficient to trigger rupture on that zone, assuming that it was already close to failure.[55] [56] Stress on the Hatay Fault, source of the 20 February 6.4 aftershock, increased by 1 bar following the 6 February earthquakes.

Rupture propagation

See also: Supershear earthquake.

Preliminary analysis based on seismology and observations of surface rupture suggest rupture along a branch of the DST before transitioning onto the EAF where most of the faulting was observed. The initial rupture at the site of the epicenter of the M7.8 shock on the Narlı Fault, the northernmost section of the DST.[57] The fault ruptured unilaterally northwards until it reached the Pazarcık segment of the East Anatolian Fault. Ruptures then continued bilaterally to the northeast and southwest along this segment. This subevent on the Narlı Fault corresponded to a 7.0 earthquake which ruptured for 20 seconds. It had a focal mechanism corresponding to oblique-normal faulting. A preliminary analysis of near-field (within of the fault rupture) seismic records indicates that the initial rupture speed transitioned to supershear after propagating about away from the epicenter along the Narlı Fault before it reached the EAF.[58] Back projection suggests the total rupture length was ~.[59]

The rupture continued northeast onto the Ekernek segment and to the southwest onto the Amanos segment. The northeastern rupture ceased 55 seconds after initiation while the southwestern rupture ceased near Antakya about 80 seconds later. A 6.8 aftershock occurring 11 minutes later and west of the first M>7 epicenter may have ruptured along the Sakçagöz Fault, the next segment of the DST to the south. Rupture along the EAF during the event occurred at subshear velocity (maximum per second).[60] An analysis of near-field seismic data revealed transient supershear rupture episodes throughout the EAF rupture. Supershear rupture occurred along the northernmost section of the Narlı Fault where it meets the EAF. The rupture transitioned onto the EAF and propagated northeast at supershear velocity until its termination near Malatya. Rupture towards the southwest was mostly subshear, but at the southern termination in Hatay, where the fault has multiple branches and kinks, supershear was likely observed. Supershear rupture at the southern termination contributed to the intense ground motion in Antakya.

The second M>7 earthquake initiated on a separate fault known as the Çardak–Sürgü Fault Zone, part of the northern strand of the East Anatolian Fault.[16] The rupture propagated bilaterally along the Çardak segment, continuing eastwards onto the Sürgü segment before continuing eastwards to Malatya along the northeast–southwest trending Doğanşehir Fault Zone. Rupture also propagated towards the southwest along the Çardak segment. The total rupture length was estimated at . The westward-propagating rupture occurred at supershear velocity (maximum per second) while the eastward-propagating rupture occurred at subshear velocity (maximum per second). The rupture lasted about 35 seconds.

The 6.4 aftershock on 20 February occurred along the Hatay Fault. The focal mechanism indicated normal faulting along a northeast–southwest striking fault.[61]

Surface rupture

The extent of surface ruptures associated with the M7.8 and M7.7 earthquakes have been mapped using a mixture of satellite imagery and ground observations. Pixel matching on images captured by Sentinel-1 before and after the earthquakes showed sharp discontinuities in displacement, revealing two separate zones of surface rupture. The longer of the pair, produced by the first earthquake, measured while the second earthquake produced of surface rupture.[62] These observations were backed up with direct imaging of the ruptures using other satellite data, such as from the DigitalGlobe's WorldView-1, 2 & 3 and GeoEye-1, and by field work.[63] [64] Remote sensing using satellite imagery indicated of surface rupture with large normal faulting component.

The zone of surface rupture extended from north of Antakya, Hatay Province towards Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province and Gölbaşı, Adıyaman Province.[65] Surface ruptures continued north of these cities. Surface rupture occurred in the Amik Valley. The westernmost part of Hatay Airport was damaged by surface ruptures but cracks in the runway were attributed to ground deformation. A major canal was damaged and lead to flooding in parts of the Amik Valley which was formerly Lake Amik. Field observations indicate a maximum displacement of on the surface.[66] Geologists traced a surface rupture trending south from Pazarcık with an offset of . From Golbasi to Nurdağı ground displacements were up to . The surface rupture observed during the M7.8 earthquake was unusually large, comparable to that during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake along the San Andreas Fault.[67]

Large surface offsets of were observed along the Sürgü-Çardak Fault. Along a road west of, the rupture displaced the road left-laterally for . The largest maximum surface offset was ; one of the largest surface offset ever observed from an earthquake.[68]

Ground motion

Ground acceleration values recorded in some areas near the fault rupture were in excess of 1 g.[69] Three USGS seismic installations, two at Antakya and one at Hassa, recorded large ground accelerations and velocities. The town of Hassa recorded 0.9082 g in ground acceleration (pga) and in ground velocity. The station data corresponded to a Modified Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). A peak ground acceleration of 1.62 g was recorded by a station at Fevzipaşa.[70] The peak ground acceleration generally exceeded 0.5 g in a large area around the epicenter, near Adiyaman and a large part of Hatay. High pga values of 2 g were recorded in Hatay. The maximum recorded pga was 2.212 g at a station in Pazarcık Belediyesi Parkı, Pazarcık; a government health facility nearby had limited damage but the surrounding town was devastated. The maximum recorded pga during the 7.7 earthquake was 0.59 g at Göksun.

According to Kandilli Observatory, the maximum Mercalli intensity (MMI) of the mainshock was estimated to have reached MMI XI–XII (Extreme) in Antakya and near the epicenter. MMI XI (Extreme) or higher was observed along the fault rupture from the epicenter to Antakya.[71] The MMI also reached IX–X (Violent–Extreme) in Kahramanmaraş and İskenderun, VIII–IX (Severe–Violent) in Malatya and Adıyaman, VII–VIII (Very strong–Severe) in Gaziantep, Kilis, Idlib and Aleppo, and VI–VII (Strong–Very strong) in Adana and Şanlıurfa.[72] The maximum MMI of the second earthquake was X (Extreme).[73]

Geological effects

Liquefaction was identified via satellite and remote sensing along the southern portion of the 7.8 rupture on the East Anatolian Fault from Antakya to Golbasi. Liquefaction and lateral spreading were observed at and near coastal areas, fluvial valleys and drained lake or swamp areas, covered by Holocene sediments. These effects were widespread in the Amik Valley and Orontes River plain, north of Antakya, Hatay Province. Limited observations were made in high-elevation areas due to snow cover and lack of satellite observations. Liquefaction was also observed in Samandağ. At Lake Gölbaşı, Adıyaman Province, lateral spreading occurred along the northern, eastern and southern coast. Parts of the lakeshore were also submerged. Gölbaşı was also damaged by liquefaction and lateral spreading.

Subsidence due to lateral spreading caused extensive damage in İskenderun. Liquefaction produced sand ejecta that buried Atatürk Boulevard in Çay District. Regular flooding in the city was observed after the earthquakes. Earlier flooding may be attributed to liquefaction while subsequent occurrences may be due to damage to the coast and water infrastructure. The sea inundated parts of the city by as much as . Large areas of the coast and sections of piers were flooded due to lateral spreading. Large waves from bad weather and a tsunami may have contributed to the effects observed at İskenderun.[74]

Both earthquakes caused shaking levels (≥0.12 g) sufficient for landslide-triggering across a area. About 3,673 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified using satellite imagery, aerial photos, and one field survey of the area. Landslides mainly occurred in the northern region of the affected area. Rockslides were the most commonly observed; there were also many bedrock rotational landslides, translational slides and lateral spreads. Surface ruptures propagating through hillsides also triggered landslides. These landslides blocked roads and river channels, destroyed or seriously damaged buildings and caused many deaths.[75]

One of the largest landslides occurred near Tepehan village, Hatay Province; a translational slide which detached a block . This landslide occurred in a region comprising marl and clay-rich limestone. It produced a vertical displacement along its scarp. ITV News reported the landslide scarp was up to long and "wider than a football pitch" in some areas.[76]

Tsunami

Despite an epicenter inland, a tsunami was recorded in the Mediterranean Sea. It was the first recorded tsunami in the eastern Mediterranean Sea region since the one produced by the 1953 6.2 earthquake in Cyprus. The largest wave measured along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Although no underwater surveys results have been made available to identify the sources of these tsunamis, they were likely produced by landsliding at Iskenderun Port and liquefaction on the coastal flatlands of Antakya.[77]

Small tsunami waves were recorded off the coast of Famagusta, Cyprus, without damage.[78] The tsunami measured, and tsunami waves were recorded at at İskenderun and at Erdemli.[79] Tsunami warnings were issued for the southern Turkish coast, southern and eastern Italian coasts and the whole eastern Mediterranean Sea area, but later withdrawn.

Effects on other faults

The earthquake rupture terminated near Suvatlı in the Amik Valley, where some to its east is the Hacıpaşa Fault, a Dead Sea Transform segment. The rupture was arrested by a stepover that connects the East Anatolian Fault with the Hacıpaşa Fault. Though it did not rupture, the Coulomb stress increased on the Hacıpaşa Fault. With a combination of the increases stress, 600–900 years without major earthquakes, and an annual slip rate of, it is a potential source of magnitude 7.0 or greater earthquakes. The accumulated slip along this segment is estimated at . An earthquake "domino effect" remains plausible along the Dead Sea Transform beginning with the Hacıpaşa Fault, as observed along the North Anatolian Fault, where successive earthquakes have migrated westwards along the fault since 1939.[80]

Damage and casualties

In Turkey

Province! scope="col"
DeathsInjuries
Adana4547,450
Adıyaman[81] 8,38717,499
Batman[82] 020
Diyarbakır[83] 414902
Elazığ5379
Gaziantep[84] 3,89713,325
Hatay[85] [86] 24,14730,762
Kahramanmaraş[87] [88] 12,6229,243
Kilis[89] 74754
Malatya[90] 1,3936,444
Mardin10
Osmaniye[91] 9912,224
Şanlıurfa[92] 3408,919
Unspecified8128,427
Total53,537107,703

There were 53,537 deaths[93] [94] and 107,213 injured[95] across 11 of the 17 affected provinces of Turkey.[96] About 140 people remain missing; 118 in Hatay Province.[97] At least 15.73 million people[98] and 4 million buildings were affected.[99] More than 2 million residents in the affected provinces were evacuated to nearby provinces including Mersin, Antalya, Mardin, Niğde and Konya.[100] At least 518,009 houses[101] and over 345,000 apartments were destroyed.[102] More than 20 percent of Turkey's agriculture production was affected. The United Nations said crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture and rural infrastructure were heavily damaged. At least 516 university buildings were affected, of which 106 were heavily damaged.[103]

By 23 February 2023, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change conducted damage inspections for 1.25 million buildings; revealing 164,000 buildings were either destroyed or severely damaged.[104] Another inspection carried out in March revealed that 1,411,304 housing units sustained light to moderate damage.[101] Over 150,000 commercial infrastructure were at least moderately damaged.[105] The International Organization for Migration estimated over 2.7 million people were made homeless.[106] A damage assessment by the Turkish government revealed at least 61,722 buildings had to be demolished including 11,900 in Gaziantep Province, 10,900 in Hatay Province, 10,800 in Kahramanmaraş Province and 36,046 in Malatya Province.[107] Broad fissures appeared on roads.[108] During recovery efforts, body parts were often found in the rubble.[109]

In Adana, 12 buildings collapsed in the city center, 23 were badly damaged and 120 were moderately damaged.[110] Three apartments were among the buildings that collapsed in the city.[111] Across Adana Province, damage assessments revealed 59 buildings, 1,274 apartments and 2,952 houses were destroyed, severely damaged or required demolition.[101]

At least 300 buildings were razed in Malatya. Sixty percent of the city's buildings received damage. Nearly every neighborhood of the city was affected by collapsed buildings. Out of the 968 mosques in the city, 25 were destroyed and 420 others were damaged.[112] Two hotels collapsed in Malatya, causing many casualties. The ceiling of Malatya Erhaç Airport experienced a partial collapse,[113] as did the historic Yeni Camii mosque.[114] Damage was also reported at the Arslantepe Mound.[115] In Akçadağ, 11 people died, including four attributed to the second earthquake.[116] At least 263 deaths were reported in Doğanşehir.[117]

In Gaziantep, many of the historical sites were severely damaged, such as Gaziantep Castle,[118] [119] Şirvani Mosque[118] and Liberation Mosque.[120] The city recorded 16,211 collapses and buildings which were severely damaged or required demolition.[121] In the city center, at least 154 people died after a four-story building collapsed; four other collapsed buildings left another 102 dead.[122] In Nizip, at least 51 people were killed when a six-story apartment building collapsed.[123]

In Nurdağı, nearly 2,500 people died and about 50 percent of the houses were badly damaged or destroyed. An additional 30 percent of its building stock received moderate damage.[124] Mass graves were created to bury the overwhelming number of dead. Gaziantep Oğuzeli Airport was forced to restrict its service to rescue flights. Ninety percent of houses were heavily damaged or destroyed in Sakçagözü, and 256 people died.[125] In İslahiye, there were 1,368 deaths, over 1,500 injuries and more than 200 destroyed apartments.[126] There were over 130 deaths in Sulumağara; 200 in Altınüzüm; and 300–400 in Keküklü.[127]

In Hatay Province, 13,517 buildings collapsed, 8,162 required demolition and 67,346 were heavily damaged,[128] along with 215,255 houses.[101] The districts of Antakya, Kırıkhan and İskenderun were the most affected.[129] In Antakya, 70 percent of homes[130] and 6,369 buildings collapsed, 3,734 had to be demolished and 21,830 were badly damaged. The runway at Hatay Airport was split and uplifted, causing flight cancellations.[131] The Ankara Metropolitan Municipality completed repairs on the airport on 12 February,[132] allowing its reopening.[133] Two provincial hospitals and a police station were destroyed,[134] and a gas pipeline exploded.[135] The building that housed the assembly of Hatay State was destroyed,[136] as was St. Paul's Church[137] and the Habib'i Neccar Mosque, while damage occurred at the Antakya Synagogue[138] and the Hatay Archaeology Museum.[137] Several dozen buildings in Güzelburç district[139] and nearly every house in the central and Cebrail districts collapsed. Most of the squad and coaching staff of the local football club Hatayspor were initially trapped in the collapse of their headquarters in Antakya before being rescued, with player Christian Atsu and sporting director Taner Savut dying.[140] [141] In Kırıkhan District, 1,886 buildings collapsed and 7,190 others were severely damaged or required demolition. At least 982 buildings were destroyed, 8,894 others were badly damaged and 943 had to be demolished in Defne. In Reyhanlı, 318 buildings collapsed and 1,661 others were severely damaged or required demolition. At least 187 buildings collapsed, 2,176 others were badly damaged and 194 others had to be demolished in Arsuz. In Kumlu, 131 buildings were destroyed, 738 others were severely damaged and 84 others required demolition. At least 58 buildings collapsed and 669 others were badly damaged or had to be demolished in Payas.

The collapse of the luxury Rönesans Rezidans apartment trapped an estimated 800 people,[142] killing at least 269 and leaving 46 missing as presumed dead.[143] In May 2023, an investigation by The New York Times found that inadequate design and safety lapses may have contributed to its collapse. An engineer revealed to the newspaper; "the building violated the basic tenets of engineering," after inspecting its blueprints. Contractors of the building said they adhered to building regulations but those were not enough against the earthquake.[144]

The 13-storey apartment block consists of three closely spaced buildings linked externally, but not structurally; when the collapse occurred, all three buildings separated. The basement, two-storey parking space was considered the "strongest part" of the complex as it had more concrete walls than other parts of the structure. The building's exterior walls and those that separated units and rooms consisted of heavy masonry which may have prevented the structure from swaying and possibly held the building mostly intact despite toppling. The building was considered a soft story structure as the ground floor had fewer masonry walls which meant it was at greater risk of damage from seismic ground motion. Among other factors were that the core concrete columns which housed the elevator systems were situated along the north side which left the south side vulnerable without adequate support. Another reason was that beams emerging from either side of the building were misaligned and did not connect to each other. These features may have contributed to the building overturning onto its south side.

In İskenderun, an industrial city in Hatay Province, a large fire at the port was reported on 6 February at 17:00,[145] believed to have originated from a container carrying flammable industrial oil,[146] forcing the port's closure and the diversion of many ships. It was extinguished on 6[147] and 8[148] February, only for it to reignite the next day each time.[149] [150] It was finally extinguished on 10 February.[151] A total of 3,670 containers were destroyed by the fire and the port managing authority said it would take three months for operations to resume.[152] The city saw 534 buildings collapse, 337 requiring demolition and 4,622 receiving severe damage. Flooding occurred along the city shoreline, inundating streets up to inland.[153] The Cathedral of the Annunciation, seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Anatolia, was almost completely destroyed. At least 3,109 people died in the city and over 12,000 were injured.[154] In Erzin District, 31 buildings collapsed and 897 were heavily damaged or had to be demolished. However, there were no collapses or major damage in Erzin, the largest town in the district. Multiple factors including strict building codes prevented destruction. An estimated 20,000 people fled to Erzin, increasing its population by about 50 percent.[155] In Samandağ, 670 buildings collapsed, 9,212 were badly damaged or required demolition and 7,850 people died.[156] At least 1,046 buildings collapsed and 3,452 others were severely damaged or had to be demolished in Hassa District. In Altınözü, 838 buildings were destroyed, 3,892 others were badly damaged and 650 others required demolition. There were 213 collapsed buildings and 1,453 others had been severely damaged or had to be demolished in Yayladağı. At least 139 buildings collapsed, 755 others were badly damaged and 87 others had to be demolished in Belen. In Dörtyol, 115 buildings were destroyed and 2,030 others had to be demolished or were severely damaged.

Mass burials occurred in Kahramanmaraş[157] [158] for more than 5,000 bodies. A city official said the mass grave would eventually be the burial ground for 10,000 bodies.[159] Around 75 percent of the city's buildings were damaged or destroyed.[72] In Elbistan, 924 people died and 1,825 were injured.[160] An estimated 2,000 buildings were destroyed.[161] At Ordekdede, a village in Pazarcik District, almost all single-story buildings were decimated. None of the 140 houses in the village were structurally stable. Thirty-four people died in the village.[162] At least 11 people died, 107 houses were destroyed and 70 percent of the building stock were damaged in Ekinözü.[163] In Afşin, at least 180 people died. At least 335 buildings including 90 in the city center were destroyed. The Afşin-Elbistan Thermal Power Plant was also damaged.[164] In, a village in Göksun, 95 percent of homes were affected and 152 died.[165] In Nurhak, there were around 200 deaths and all houses were severely damaged.[166] In Türkoğlu, 1,171 buildings collapsed and 4,500 others required demolition.[167]

In Adıyaman Province, over 20,000 buildings and 56,256 houses were destroyed.[101] In the city of Adıyaman, four neighborhoods were razed.[168] Many buildings along Atatürk Boulevard collapsed.[169] The city hall, a 6th-century mosque and Gölbaşı District's state hospital were also destroyed.[170] [171] Isias Hotel, the largest hotel in the city, also collapsed, killing 65 people.[172] [173] Up to 10 percent of Adıyaman's population perished.[174] The mayor of Kömür said the Karapınar and Bahçelievler neighborhoods were nearly destroyed. Destruction was also observed in Barbaros, Çelikhan, Sümerevler and Karapınar districts. In Harmanlı, a village in Gölbaşı District, 80–90 percent of it was destroyed.[175] The second earthquake destroyed three buildings in the province. In Gölbaşı, 71 percent of the town's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed and 695 people were killed with over 400 injured, including 286 deaths in the town center.[176] There were also 410 deaths in Besni District, about 90 percent of them in the town itself.[177] In Kâhta, at least 55 people died.[178]

In Diyarbakir Province, 8,602 houses were severely damaged or destroyed, and 124,432 others were partially damaged.[101] Additionally, 8,086 buildings were damaged, required demolition or collapsed. Diyarbakır Fortress, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was also partly destroyed.[179] The adjacent World Heritage Site of Hevsel Gardens was also damaged.[180] Part of the Galeria complex in Yenişehir, which included a shopping mall and dozens of apartments collapsed, killing 89 and injuring 22.[181]

At least 466 buildings were heavily damaged in Şanlıurfa Province; 201 were destroyed. Structures around the Pool of Abraham were damaged. The minaret at the religious shrine partially collapsed, sending rubble into the pools below and discoloring the water, which was also contaminated by seeping sewage.[138] In Eyyübiye District, the minaret of the Eyüp Prophet Mosque was damaged and removed.[182] Thirty-three people were killed in the collapse of the Osman Ağan Apartment.[183]

In Osmaniye Province, of the 22,841 buildings surveyed, 1,739 were heavily damaged, destroyed or required urgent demolition. Additionally, 16,111 houses were collapsed or were badly damaged, with partial damage occurring in 73,588 housing units.[101] At least 1,088 of the 13,667 buildings examined in Merkez District were destroyed, seriously damaged or needed to be demolished.[184]

In Kilis Province, 119 buildings were destroyed and 138 others were heavily damaged,[185] along with 2,514 houses.[101] In Batman Province, 218 buildings were damaged, and an additional 15 were completely destroyed.[186] In Mardin Province, 59 buildings were heavily damaged and another 190 were slightly damaged[187] and a death related to a heart attack occurred in Kızıltepe District.[188] In Bingöl Province, several houses cracked and some livestock were killed by collapsing barns.[189] In Samsun, damage occurred in Samsun Stadium.[190] In Kayseri Province, eight buildings collapsed, while 5,252 others were damaged to some extent.[191] Several houses were damaged and a barn collapsed in Muş Province.[192] In Sivas Province, the second earthquake destroyed a few houses.[193] In Giresun Province, a five-story building was damaged and evacuated.[194] An unoccupied apartment in Elazığ was damaged and later collapsed during the second earthquake.[195]

The dead included member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for Adıyaman Yakup Taş,[196] Yeni Malatyaspor goalkeeper Ahmet Eyüp Türkaslan,[197] former Turkish national handball team player Cemal Kütahya and his five-year-old son,[198] [199] and Saul Cenudioğlu, leader of the Jewish community in Antakya, who died along with his wife.[138] Former MP for Kahramanmaraş Sıtkı Güvenç died from earthquake injuries on 9 February.[200] Three Turkish soldiers died during rescue operations.[201] Twenty-six local journalists,[202] four doctors,[203] 120 police officers and 32 gendarmeries were among the dead.[204]

Damage assessment statistics by province (as of 16 February 2023)[205] ! Province! Type! Heavily damaged or destroyed! Moderately damaged! Slightly damaged! Undamaged! Total! Buildings surveyed
AdanaBuilding593041,6885,3137,3647,724
1,2747,27038,26178,040124,845127,269
AdıyamanBuilding6,9902,61311,6949,31030,60734,578
Independent Unit29,70311,17938,82321,365101,070115,046
DiyarbakırBuilding6437186,72518,03926,12528,969
Independent Unit6,93210,09586,925178,216282,168294,814
ElâzığBuilding6641381,4607232,9853,114
Independent Unit4,04380115,5329,50329,87930,703
GaziantepBuilding12,9644,36129,47189,092135,888156,482
Independent Unit31,52217,050179,149309,389537,110586,628
HatayBuilding15,2482,82717,21229,18864,47568,116
Independent Unit71,73518,14662,03474,851226,766239,142
KahramanmaraşBuilding12,9801,05820,55625,42060,01469,577
Independent Unit60,0517,67199,48161,932229,135258,523
KilisBuilding8121372,2082,8496,0066,608
Independent Unit1,2241,03316,29612,22830,78131,904
MalatyaBuilding8,3659458,9607,46325,73332,344
Independent Unit44,9966,61759,82531,894143,332174,293
OsmaniyeBuilding2,5312668,03422,04132,87234,797
Independent Unit9,5952,10440,92951,409104,037108,162
ŞanlıurfaBuilding46655013,50719,58534,10839,557
Independent Unit2,7254,707112,39986,896206,727229,605
TotalBuilding61,72213,917121,512229,023426,177481,866
Independent Unit263,80086,673749,654915,7232,015,8502,196,089

In Syria

According to Turkish-backed officials on 2 February 2024, 4,537 people died in rebel-held areas while 1,414 died in government-controlled areas. The International Blue Crescent placed the death toll in Syria at 8,476.[206] The Syrian Ministry of Health said over 2,248 died,[207] most were in Aleppo and Latakia.[208] In rebel-held areas, at least 4,547 people died.[207] [209] In a report by the International Medical Corps dated 8 March 2023, 7,259 people were confirmed dead.[210]

Over 14,500 were also injured in Syria.[211] Among the dead included 2,153 children and 1,524 women.[212] The Syrian Network for Human Rights stated 73 medics, five media personnel, 62 workers in humanitarian agencies, and four civil defense personnel were among the dead.[213] The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said additional dead were buried before being registered and some victims died in hospitals. Syria's National Earthquake Centre said the earthquake is "the biggest earthquake recorded" in its operational history.[214]

An estimated 5.37 million people across Syria may have been made homeless,[215] while 10.9 million people, nearly half of Syria's population, were affected.[216] More than 123 residential areas, villages, towns and cities were badly damaged. Many power plants, water facilities, hospitals and public infrastructure also sustained damage. At least 453 schools were damaged.[217] Across the country, 22,452 housing units were destroyed and 62,878 others were damaged.[218]

Hundreds were killed in the town of Atarib.[209] In Jindires, over 1,100 people were killed[219] and at least 250 buildings were razed;[220] among the deaths were a family of 7—the only survivor was a newborn.[221] In Jableh, at least 283 people died, 173 were injured and 19 buildings collapsed.[222] Four bodies were recovered and 15 bodies were in the process of recovery during debris clearance on 10 February.[223] On 11 February, six bodies were retrieved from the rubble of a collapsed house along al-Maliyeh Street.[224] Civilians were stuck under the rubble for hours due to the lack of rescue teams in several villages such as Atarib, Besnaya, Jindires, Maland, Salqin and Sarmada.[225] [226] [227] In Latakia Governorate, 142,000 people were affected; at least 805 people died and 1,131 others were injured. The region's governor said 105 buildings were destroyed, 247 were at risk of collapse and 900 others were severely damaged.[228] [229] [230] At Tishreen University, 10 students, 3 employees and a professor died.[231] At least 48 people were killed in Hama, of which 43 were from the collapse of an eight-story building.[232]

The Associated Press, citing local residents, said the Afrin Dam had cracked.[233] On 9 February at 04:00, the dam burst and flooded the village of Al-Tloul, which was exacerbated by heavy rains along the Afrin River basin. Nearly all its residents fled; about 500 families were displaced. According to Reuters, citing local residents, between 35 and 40 people died and most buildings in Al-Tloul were damaged or destroyed by the earthquake.[234] In Atarib, 148 bodies arrived at an underground hospital. A doctor at the hospital said some bodies were missing their head or limbs.[235] Various archaeological sites in Tartus Governorate were damaged, including the Khawabi Castle and Aleika Castle, which partially collapsed. Damage to historical towers and infrastructure were also reported in Tartous and Safita.[236]

The president of the Syrian American Medical Society, Amjad Rass, said emergency rooms were packed with injured.[237] In Idlib Governorate, one hospital received 30 bodies.[238] [239] In the village of Azmarin, Idlib Governorate, at least 260 people died, including 51 members of one family; at least 300 were injured and 100 were rescued. Fifteen buildings in the village were leveled and about 50 percent of its housing stock had cracks.[240] Footballer Nader Joukhadar, who played for the national team, was killed alongside his son when their home collapsed in Jableh.[241] [242]

According to the International Rescue Committee, the earthquake struck when rebel-held areas were preparing for a blizzard and experiencing a cholera outbreak.[243] In Aleppo, dozens of buildings collapsed[244] and at least 444 people died, including 163 children.[245] By 8 February, the bodies of 210 victims were returned to their families.[246] The Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums said various archeological sites across the city were extensively cracked or collapsed.[247] Cracks were also reported in the outer façade of the Aleppo National Museum.[248] In Atarib, Aleppo, the Syrian American Medical Society hospital said 120 bodies were recovered.[249] About 20,000 homes were affected in Aleppo, leaving 70,000 homeless.[250] Total damage in the city exceeded US$403 million.[218] In Rajo, the doors and walls of a prison facility cracked. Twenty prisoners, believed to be Islamic State (ISIS) members, escaped the facility.[251]

In Damascus, many people fled from their homes onto the streets.[252] [253] In the northern parts of the city, many buildings were cracked.[254] Many buildings in Syria had already been damaged by an almost 12-year-long civil war.[255] The Crusader-built castle Margat suffered damage, with part of a tower and parts of some walls collapsing. Cracks also opened up in the walls of the Krak des Chevaliers castle.[138] The Citadel of Aleppo was also affected.[256] In addition, one of the towers of Sahyun Castle near Latakia was destroyed.[257] The minaret of the Grand Mosque in Kobanî was also damaged.[258]

Foreign casualties

Foreign casualties by country
CountryDeaths inRef.
6,600align=right bgcolor=#EFEFEF
Afghanistan300—[259]
Haiti85[260]
5451[261]
29—[262] [263]
Yemen29[264] [265]
Morocco20[266]
Lebanon163[267]
Iraq13—[268]
Azerbaijan10[269]
France8[270]
Italy7[271] [272]
6[273]
Philippines6[274] [275]
Somalia6
Georgia5[276]
Ukraine5[277]
Indonesia4[278] [279]
Netherlands4[280]
4[281]
Uzbekistan4[282]
Australia3[283]
Egypt3[284]
3[285]
United States3[286]
Algeria2[287]
Austria2[288]
Greece2[289]
Kazakhstan2[290]
Belarus1[291]
Belgium1[292]
Bosnia and Herzegovina1[293]
Bulgaria1[294]
Cameroon1[295]
Canada1[296]
China1[297]
Colombia1[298]
Czech Republic1[299]
Ghana1[300]
Gibraltar1[301]
India1[302]
Jordan1
Kyrgyzstan1[303]
Saudi Arabia1
Serbia1[304]
Sri Lanka1[305]
Sudan1[306]
Thailand1[307]
Uganda1[308]
Total7,25554Ref.
7,309

At least 6,600 Syrians residing in Turkey were killed.[309] According to Turkey's Presidency of Migration Management 1.75 million Syrians live in southern Turkey; 460,150 in Gaziantep; 354,000 in Antakya; 368,000 in Şanlıurfa; 250,000 in Adana. Turkey's health ministry returned the bodies of 1,793 Syrian victims to their relatives in Syria,[310] while thousands of Syrians were buried in Turkey due to difficulties transporting them to Syria.[311] At least 11 Iraqi war refugees died in Turkey.[312]

At least 100 Afghans were killed by the earthquake in Turkey, mostly refugees who fled the country after the Taliban takeover in August 2021.[313] Among the deaths of Lebanese was an entire family of three in Malatya.[267] Ten Azerbaijanis were killed in Turkey, including four students in Malatya.[314] An Italian family of six, and an entrepreneur also perished.[271] Nineteen students, two teachers and a parent from Northern Cyprus died when the Isias Hotel in Adıyaman collapsed.[262] Seven other Turkish Cypriots died in Hatay and Kahramanmaraş.[263]

Effects in other countries

In Lebanon, residents were awakened from their sleep. Buildings in the country shook for up to 40 seconds. In Beirut, residents fled their homes and stayed in streets or drove in their vehicles to flee from buildings. The earthquake damaged 16,200 buildings across the country, including 10,460 in Beirut and 4,000 in Tripoli.[315]

In Ashdod, Israel, a building was evacuated after cracks were observed in a pillar,[316] and Champion Motors Tower in Bnei Brak was slightly damaged by the second earthquake.[317] In Nicosia, Cyprus, some windows cracked, and the wall of a house collapsed, damaging two nearby vehicles.[318] [319] Six Cuvier's beaked whales were found dead along the island's northern coast on 10 February. The Department of Fisheries and Marine Research said there was a possible link between the beaching and earthquake as these whales' echolocation system are affected by sea disturbances.[320]

The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre said shaking was felt in Armenia, Egypt, Palestine, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Russia. In Iraq, minor damage occurred in some houses and buildings in Erbil, and the city's citadel was severely damaged.[321] [322] In Egypt, tremors were strongly felt in the capital Cairo,[323] and is considered the strongest earthquake felt since 1975.[324] A crack appeared in the Corniche in Alexandria.[325]

Aftershocks

On 20 February, a 6.3 aftershock struck near Antakya, causing additional buildings to collapse in Samandağ and further damage in Antakya.[326] Six people died in Antakya, Defne and Samandağ.[327] [328] At least 562 were injured including 18 in serious condition who received immediate medical attention before being taken to Adana and Dörtyol.[329] [330] AFAD warned residents to stay away from the coast as there was potential for a tsunami of up to .[331] The mayor of Hatay said several people were trapped under debris. A bridge was damaged and an empty three-story building in İskenderun collapsed.[332] [333] In Syria, five people died during stampedes and panic across several governates and at least 500 people were injured.[334] [335] The White Helmets said people in Aleppo and Idlib were injured by collapsed buildings. Some residents in Jinderis were injured after leaping off buildings. In northwestern Syria, damaged and abandoned buildings collapsed without casualties.[336] Shaking was felt in Lebanon, Egypt and Jordan.[337]

A 5.2 aftershock occurred on 27 February, near Yeşilyurt.[338] It collapsed about 30 buildings in the town.[339] Two people died and 140 others were injured; 12 in serious condition.[340] One fatality and four injuries were attributed to a factory collapse in Kahramanmaraş Province.[341]

On 25 July, a damaging 5.5 aftershock struck Kozan, Adana Province.[342] The shock left 63 people injured in Adana and Osmaniye provinces.[343] [344] A house in Sumbas was also damaged by rockfalls.[345] Another aftershock struck Malatya Province on 10 August, measuring 5.3.[346] Twenty-three people were injured; 22 in Malatya and one in Adıyaman.[347] One building collapsed and two were damaged in Malatya.[348]

A 6.0 earthquake struck Kale District, Malatya Province on 16 October 2024, causing 254 injuries across seven provinces, with Elazığ Province alone recording 116 injuries.[349] [350]

Search and rescue

Turkey was placed on a "level four" alert to request international aid.[351] More than 53,000 Turkish search and rescue personnel were dispatched to the affected provinces.[352] Seventy countries also assisted in these operations.[353] In the first two days, more than 8,000 people were rescued and 380,000 people were relocated to shelters or hotels.[354] [355] An "air aid corridor" was established by the Turkish Armed Forces to mobilize search and rescue teams.[356] Poor weather conditions and damaged roads hampered rescue and relief missions.[357] [358] By 19 February, most rescue efforts had concluded except in Hatay and Kahramanmaraş provinces.[359]

Syria made an appeal to UN member states, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and other humanitarian organizations for international aid.[360] President Bashar al-Assad ordered all teams of the civil defense, firefighting, health and public construction groups to be mobilized in the affected governates.[361] He also added that medical services, food and shelter were urgently needed. The Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection was ordered by President al-Assad to supply food and organize teams to distribute them. Technical teams were also on site to evaluate building conditions and evacuate residents in at-risk structures. The Ministry of Water Resources was tasked with rapidly assessing damage to dams, reservoirs and water stations, and ensuring people have access to water.[362] Some hotels including in Latakia and Damascus offered to accommodate to survivors free of charge and ensure basic necessities. Refugees and expatriates also opened their homes as shelters for people. Sports facilities, events venues, university dormitories and halls were also opened to take in people. The Syria Trust for Development announced the establishment of shelters across many governorates. Volunteer groups inspected buildings for damage and distributed food items, blankets and first aid essentials.[363] Many hospitals were overwhelmed by the large number of casualties and prior to the earthquakes, were already experiencing supply shortages.[364]

International humanitarian efforts

Countries

National mourning

President Erdoğan declared seven days of national mourning in Turkey on Twitter.[365] [366] Seven days of national mourning was observed in Northern Cyprus, and one day in Bangladesh and Kosovo.[367] [368] Albania's prime minister, Edi Rama, said 13 February would be a day of national mourning.[369] On 13 February, all overseas diplomatic missions of North Macedonia lowered the Macedonian flags to half-mast.[370]

Criticism by the Syrian government and opposition

Investigative reports revealed that Syrian government had deliberately obstructed aid to all of Syria's opposition-held areas, including the Idlib region, which was the worst-struck area in the earthquake.[371] Syrian government officials and state-run media blamed United States and European Union sanctions against the country for the lack of humanitarian aid and hampering rescue. On 10 February, Syrian president Bashar al-Assad[372] accused Western countries of having "no regard for the human condition."[373] The US Treasury said its sanctions "contain robust exemptions for humanitarian efforts" in the first place, and that after the earthquake it issued a blanket authorization for relief efforts. The United Nations has also been criticized for its policy of focusing aid shipments solely to the regime, at the expense of Syrian lives in opposition-held territories.[374]

Idlib region, under the control of Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), was one of the hardest-hit territories.[375] Assad regime's policy of besieging North-West Syria; which blockades the supply of food, medicines and other humanitarian supplies, has further deteriorated the crisis in Idlib.[376] Abu Mohammad al-Julani, commander of the SSG-aligned Tahrir al-Sham rebel militia, criticized aid agencies of neglecting the situation in Idlib and called on the international community to be more proactive in reconstruction and relief efforts, adding that the "United Nations needs to understand that it's required to help in a crisis".[377] Upon traveling to the Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing bordering the rebel-held territories, UNOCHA Under-Secretary Martin Griffith stated on 12 February that "We have so far failed the people in north-west Syria".[377] As of 13 February, Ankara and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army were accused of blocking aid convoys sent by the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria from entering the north-west region.[378] [379]

The United Nations criticized Russia's attempts to block delivery of aid through checkpoints to rebel-held territories. Secretary General António Guterres urged the Security Council to immediately permit aid flows into Northwestern Syria.[380] United States appealed for the immediate opening of all closed checkpoints to send in relief efforts to all parts of Syria; calling for an emergency UN Security Council meeting to increase humanitarian assistance through Bab al-Hawa and open up more border crossings for the entry of UN aid.[377] [380] Stéphane Dujarric, a United Nations spokesperson, said on 14 February, "some aid is getting into the north-west, pointing to 58 trucks that arrived with aid through the Bab Al-Hawa crossing." However, the organization does not possess heavy equipment or search and rescue teams. He stressed that the "international community as a whole needs to step up to get that aid where it is needed."[381]

Raed al-Saleh, chief of Syrian Civil Defence, strongly rebuked the UN for its negligence and delay in responding to the rescue efforts:

"Let me be clear: The White Helmets received no support from the United Nations during the most critical moments of the rescue operations.. The UN's failure to respond quickly to this catastrophe is shameful. When I asked the UN why help had failed to arrive in time, the answer I received was bureaucracy. In the face of one of the deadliest catastrophes to strike the world in years, it seems the UN's hands were tied by red tape."[371]

Health concerns

Due to below-freezing temperatures in the affected areas in both Turkey and Syria, the mayor of Hatay, Lütfü Savaş, warned about the hypothermia risk.[382] In Adiyaman Province, some residents trapped under rubble died from hypothermia.[383]

Concerns arose regarding the possible spread of infection in areas where sanitation facilities were damaged or unfunctional. Due to water shortage experienced in both countries, many survivors could not shower. International health organizations said the shortage of clean water would be a public health risk. The World Health Organization said water shortage "increases the risk of waterborne diseases and outbreaks of communicable diseases."[384]

On 18 February, Turkey's Health Minister Fahrettin Koca said there was an increase in intestinal and upper respiratory infection cases but "numbers did not pose a serious threat to public health." At a stadium serving as shelter in Kahramanmaraş, a clinic managed by 15 to 30 medics attended up to 10,000 patients in the day. The clinic provided tetanus shots and sanitary items to residents. Many people at the stadium were unable to shower and the six toilets were unable to accommodate to the large number of people. In Antakya, residents said more portable toilets were needed.

Health authorities in Turkey had to ensure earthquake survivors were free of disease. The World Health Organization collaborated with local authorities to monitor the rates of waterborne diseases, seasonal influenza and COVID-19 among the affected.

Commemorations

On the first anniversary of the earthquake on 6 February 2024, the Turkish government organized a series of programs to mark the disaster, with schools closed in the affected regions. In Antakya, a moment of silence was held at 04:17, when the earthquake struck, and carnations were scattered into the Orontes River. A silent march was held in Adiyaman while President Erdoğan is expected to visit Kahramanmaraş. Protests were also held in Antakya criticizing health minister Fahrettin Koca and mayor Lütfü Savaş, with demonstrators chanting "Can anyone hear me?", a reminder of cries for rescue following the earthquake and "We won't forget, we won't forgive." In Malatya Province, the governor banned events that were not officially sanctioned until 9 February.[385]

See also

References

Notes

  1. Web site: United States Geological Survey. 6 February 2023. USGS earthquake catalog. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002654/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=34.02535,30.00366&extent=40.12009,43.36304&range=search&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22starttime%22:%222023-02-06%2000:00:00%22,%22endtime%22:%222025-02-06%2023:59:59%22,%22maxlatitude%22:38.737,%22minlatitude%22:35.496,%22maxlongitude%22:39.452,%22minlongitude%22:33.904,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22maxmagnitude%22:7.4,%22orderby%22:%22time%22%7D%7D. live.
  2. News: England. Andrew. Smith. Alan. Parrish. Graham. Bernard. Steven. Turkey and Syria's devastating earthquakes in graphics. 24 February 2023. Financial Times. London. 9 February 2023. 30 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230430212632/https://www.ft.com/content/337edef6-05c9-498c-a3f0-13776082f218. live.
  3. News: Parkinson. Joe. Hinshaw. Drew. Grove. Thomas. After Turkey's Earthquake Comes the Reckoning. 'Why Are We Unprepared?'. 27 February 2023. The Wall Street Journal. 12 February 2023. 27 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230227002028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-earthquake-erdogan-unprepared-edbe4d5d. live.
  4. Web site: 1.5 million now homeless in Türkiye after quake disaster, warn UN development experts. 21 February 2023. 23 February 2023. United Nations Office at Geneva. 26 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230226201433/https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2023/02/78128/15-million-now-homeless-turkiye-after-quake-disaster-warn-un. live.
  5. News: Turkey earthquake: Rising toll makes quake deadliest in Turkey's modern history. Bilginsoy. Z.. El Deeb. S.. Armangue. B.. Wilks. A.. The New Zealand Herald. 15 February 2023. 15 February 2023. 15 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230215224347/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/turkey-earthquake-rising-toll-makes-quake-deadliest-in-turkeys-modern-history/KQHKJKUATJCZDIJUTQTAILHKJ4/. live.
  6. Web site: The town that didn't collapse: How a tiny Turkish city avoided the earthquake's destruction. 15 February 2023. 16 February 2023. NBC News. 6 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306002638/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/erzin-turkey-earthquake-building-collapse-construction-codes-rcna70733. live.
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  82. Web site: Deprem sonrası Batman'da son durum. The latest situation in Batman after the earthquake. Sonsöz. 6 January 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207043033/https://www.batmansonsoz.net/haber/deprem-sonrasi-batman-da-son-durum-56018.html. live.
  83. Web site: Diyarbakır'da can kaybı 414'e yükseldi. Loss of life in Diyarbakir increased to 414. GuneydoguEkspress. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. tr. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221074543/https://www.guneydoguekspres.com/genel/diyarbakirda-can-kaybi-414e-yukseldi-h31623.html. live.
  84. Web site: Bakan Koca: Depremde Gaziantep'te 3 bin 897 kişi hayatını kaybetti. tr. 26 February 2023. 26 March 2023. Demirören News Agency. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326163218/https://www.dha.com.tr/gundem/bakan-koca-depremde-gaziantepte-3-bin-897-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti-2212198. live.
  85. Web site: Depremin birinci yılında Hatay: "Toplam ölü sayısının yarısı Hatay'dan". 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. VOA. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205184310/https://www.voaturkce.com/a/depremin-birinci-yilinda-hatay/7470126.html. live.
  86. News: Lütfü Savaş: Hatay'da 21 bin 910 kaybımız var. Lütfü Savaş: We have 21 thousand 910 casualties in Hatay. 5 March 2023. Ege'de Sonsöz. 23 February 2023. tr. 26 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230226221127/http://www.egedesonsoz.com/haber/lutfu-savas-hatay-da-21-bin-910-kaybimiz-var/1134494. live.
  87. News: Kahramanmaraş'ta Depremlerde 12 Bin 622 Kişi Hayatını Kaybetti!. 13 April 2023. Haber46. 2 March 2023. tr. 18 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013106/https://www.haber46.com.tr/kahramanmarasta-depremlerde-12-bin-622-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti. live.
  88. News: Bakan Soylu: Kahramanmaraş'ta 10 bin 194 kişi hayatını kaybetti. 4 March 2023. Kisadalga. 13 February 2023. tr. 6 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306050440/https://kisadalga.net/haber/detay/basvuru-incelemesi-tamamlanan-eytlilerin-emekli-ayligi-odemelerine-nisan-ayinda-baslanacak_59554?history=1&order=1. live.
  89. Web site: Sağlık Bakanı Koca: 10 ilde 17 bin 929'u hekim olmak üzere 143 bin 829 personelimiz hizmet veriyor. Anadolu Agency. tr. 9 February 2023. 12 March 2023. 12 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230212184508/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/saglik-bakani-koca-10-ilde-17-bin-929u-hekim-olmak-uzere-143-bin-829-personelimiz-hizmet-veriyor/2813793. live.
  90. News: Malatya'da depremde vefat sayısı 1393'e yükseldi. The number of deaths in the earthquake in Malatya increased to 1393. tr. Ilke News Agency.
  91. News: Depremin vurduğu Osmaniye'de vefat edenlerin mezarları yürekleri dağlıyor. Ensonhaber. 19 February 2023. 24 February 2023. tr. 24 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224190956/https://www.ensonhaber.com/gundem/depremin-vurdugu-osmaniyede-vefat-edenlerin-mezarlari-yurekleri-dagliyor. live.
  92. Web site: Şanlıurfa'da depremde kaç kişi öldü ve kaç kişi yaralandı? Vali bilançoyu açıkladı... Esonhaber. 13 February 2023. 24 February 2023. tr. 24 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224191232/https://www.ensonhaber.com/bilgi/sanliurfada-depremde-kac-kisi-oldu-ve-kac-kisi-yaralandi-vali-bilancoyu-acikladi. live.
  93. News: Nearly 60,000 Killed In 2023 Turkey, Syria Quake: New Toll. 2 February 2024. Agence France-Presse. Barron's. 2 February 2024. 2 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240202130418/https://www.barrons.com/news/nearly-60-000-killed-in-2023-turkey-syria-quake-new-toll-528e4a39. live.
  94. News: Son Dakika... Süleyman Soylu açıkladı: Depremde can kaybı 50 bin 783 oldu. Last Minute... Süleyman Soylu announced: The loss of life in the earthquake was 50 thousand 783. 22 April 2023. Cumhuriyet. 22 April 2023. tr. 22 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230422114009/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/son-dakika-suleyman-soylu-acikladi-depremde-can-kaybi-50-bin-783-oldu-2074031. live.
  95. News: 6 Şubat depreminin acı bilançosu: 53 bin 537 vefat. The sad toll of the February 6 earthquake: 53 thousand 537 deaths. tr. 6 February 2024. Besni Ekspres Gazetesi. 2 February 2024. 6 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240206010058/https://besniekspres.com/haber/6_subat_depreminin_aci_bilancosu_53_bin_537_vefat-14020.html. live.
  96. News: Depremde can kaybı 50 bin 96 oldu. Loss of life in the earthquake was 50 thousand 96. 22 April 2023. TRT Haber. 20 March 2023. tr. 22 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230422122351/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/depremde-can-kaybi-50-bin-96-oldu-754477.html. live.
  97. News: Some still search for loved ones a year after Turkey's earthquake. 6 February 2024. Reuters. The Straits Times. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240206121724/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/some-still-search-for-loved-ones-a-year-after-turkeys-earthquake. live.
  98. News: Earthquake hit one-fifth of Turkey's food production: UN. 1 April 2023. Agence France-Presse. Al Arabiya. 31 March 2023. 7 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153158/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/03/31/Earthquake-hit-one-fifth-of-Turkey-s-food-production-UN-. live.
  99. News: Temoçin. R.. Deprem sonrası moloz yığınına dönen binalar 'yasadışı yapıları' tekrar gündeme getirdi: 'İmar affı öldürdü'. Buildings that turned into rubble after the earthquake brought 'illegal structures' to the agenda again: 'The construction amnesty killed it'. 8 February 2023. Cumhuriyet. 8 February 2023. tr. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208052202/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/deprem-sonrasi-moloz-yiginina-donen-binalar-yasadisi-yapilari-tekrar-gundeme-getirdi-imar-affi-oldurdu-2049411. live.
  100. News: 2 million people evacuated from quake-hit provinces. 30 March 2023. Hürriyet Daily News. 2 March 2023. 30 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230330004256/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/2-million-people-evacuated-from-quake-hit-provinces-181310. live.
  101. Web site: Türki̇ye earthquakes recovery and reconstruction assessment. Government of Turkey. 26 January 2024. ReliefWeb. 27 March 2023. 12 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230512042943/http://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-recovery-and-reconstruction-assessment. live.
  102. News: Asrın felaketi'nde can kaybı 47 bin 932 oldu. 10 March 2023. TrtHaber. 10 March 2023. 17 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230317152358/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/asrin-felaketinde-can-kaybi-47-bin-932-oldu-752123.html. live.
  103. Web site: Deprem bölgesinde ağır hasarlı 106, az hasarlı 410 üniversite binası var!. Tele1. 14 March 2023. 10 April 2023. tr. 14 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230314175631/https://tele1.com.tr/deprem-bolgesinde-agir-hasarli-106-az-hasarli-410-universite-binasi-var-805476/. live.
  104. Web site: 23 February 2023. Minister: Earthquakes left over 164,000 buildings collapsed, severely damaged in Türkiye. Bianet. 23 February 2023. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223213758/https://bianet.org/english/society/274703-minister-earthquakes-left-over-164-000-buildings-collapsed-severely-damaged-in-turkiye. live.
  105. News: Turkey begins rebuilding for millions left homeless after quakes. 26 February 2023. i24NEWS. 25 February 2023. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301151957/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/levant-turkey/1677265208-turkey-begins-rebuilding-for-millions-left-homeless-after-quakes. live.
  106. Web site: Türkiye: 2023 Earthquakes Situation Report No. 8, As of 9 March 2023. 9 March 2023. 11 March 2023. ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 10 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230310122122/https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-2023-earthquakes-situation-report-no-8-9-march-2023. live.
  107. News: Turkey: Over 50,000 buildings must be demolished in quake-hit areas. 16 February 2023. NHK News. 16 February 2023. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230217041330/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20230216_03/. live.
  108. News: Depremde yol yarıldı araçlar içine düştü. 9 February 2023. Sözcü. 8 February 2023. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210105545/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2023/gundem/depremde-yol-yarildi-araclar-icine-dustu-7585244/. live.
  109. News: Tondo. L.. Narlı. D. B.. Michaelson. R.. Hezaber. H.. No room for the dead as cemeteries in earthquake-hit Turkey and Syria fill up. 10 February 2023. The Guardian. 10 February 2023. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223093417/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/10/cemeteries-earthquake-turkey-syria-fill-up. live.
  110. Web site: Adana'da enkaz kaldırma çalışmaları bitti, geriye acı bir tablo kaldı. tr. T24. 15 February 2023. 1 March 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216145946/https://t24.com.tr/video/adana-da-enkaz-kaldirma-calismalari-bitti-geriye-aci-bir-tablo-kaldi,52354. live.
  111. Web site: 6 February 2023. Adana Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Zeydan Karalar: 17 ve 14 katlı binalar yıkıldı. Habertürk. tr. 6 February 2023. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228001057/https://www.haberturk.com/zeydan-karalar-17-ve-14-katli-binalar-yikildi-3562710. live.
  112. Web site: Deprem 968 Camiden 420'sine Hasar Verdi, 25'i Yıkıldı. Malatya Haber. 3 March 2023. 10 April 2023. tr. 10 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230410134627/https://malatyahaber.com/haber/depremlerde-25-cami-yikildi-3-din-gorevlisi-hayatini-kaybetti. live.
  113. News: Barut. D.. 6 February 2023. Malatya üşüyor: Hava soğuyor, yardım yetersiz. tr. Malatya is getting cold: It's getting cold, help is not enough. Gazete Duvar. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207013821/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/malatya-usuyor-hava-soguyor-yardim-yetersiz-haber-1601990. live.
  114. News: 6 February 2023. Yıkıldık Türkiyem. We're Destroyed My Turkey. Karar. tr. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002654/https://www.karar.com/guncel-haberler/yikildik-turkiyem-1726529. live.
  115. Web site: Akin. Ezgi. 10 February 2023. Prehistoric world heritage site Gobekli Tepe survives Turkey earthquakes. 14 February 2023. Al-Monitor. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220111033/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/02/prehistoric-world-heritage-site-gobekli-tepe-survives-turkey-earthquakes. live.
  116. Web site: Depremden kaçarken depreme yakalandılar... Güvenli diye gittikleri evin enkazında kaldılar!. Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. 23 February 2023. 1 March 2023. tr. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223075054/https://www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr/gundem/ilk-depremden-kurtuldular-guvenli-diye-gittikleri-evin-enkazinda-kaldilar-951075. 23 February 2023.
  117. Web site: Sonsöz. Depremde Hayatını Kaybedenlerin İsimleri. tr. 26 March 2023. 24 February 2023. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326171546/https://www.malatyasonsoz.com.tr/haber/depremde-hayatini-kaybedenlerin-isimleri-391172.html. live.
  118. Web site: Marcus. Lilit. 6 February 2023. Ancient castle used by Romans and Byzantines destroyed in Turkey earthquake. 6 February 2023. CNN. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206142358/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/gaziantep-castle-destroyed-turkey-earthquake/index.html/. live.
  119. Web site: Gures. Murat. 5 February 2023. Live Updates: Powerful Quake Kills Hundreds in Turkey and Syria. 5 February 2023. The New York Times. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228001057/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/02/06/world/turkey-earthquake/aacc52e8-d3fb-5ef5-8297-7579f733a1ff. live.
  120. Web site: Boncuk. Mehmet. Tarihi cami depremde hasar gördü. Sabah. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208212847/https://www.sabah.com.tr/gaziantep/2023/02/06/tarihi-cami-depremde-hasar-gordu. live.
  121. Web site: Erdoğan: Gaziantep'te 37 Bin 645 Bölümden Oluşan 16 Bin 211 Bina Yıkık, Acil Yıkılacak ve Ağır Hasarlı. 29 April 2023. 21 February 2023. tr. Son Dakika. https://web.archive.org/web/20230317100622/https://www.sondakika.com/politika/haber-erdogan-gaziantep-te-37-bin-645-bolumden-olusan-15650370/. 17 March 2023. live.
  122. Web site: Gaziantep'te 256 kişinin can verdiği sitede ihmaller zinciri. 29 April 2023. 23 February 2023. tr. Aydınlik. https://web.archive.org/web/20230317175725/https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/haber/gaziantepte-256-kisinin-can-verdigi-sitede-ihmaller-zinciri-ayse-mehmet-polat-sitesi-nicin-yikildi-ihmal-var-miydi-kotu-iscilik-ornegi-kalitesiz-beton-370262. 17 March 2023. live.
  123. Web site: Gaziantep'te 51 kişiye mezar olan Furkan Apartmanı'nda çileden çıkaran olay! 1 kolon hayatlarını kararttı. 18 March 2023. 29 April 2023. tr. A Haber. https://web.archive.org/web/20230317150122/https://www.ahaber.com.tr/yasam/2023/02/18/gaziantepte-51-kisiye-mezar-olan-furkan-apartmaninda-cileden-cikaran-olay-1-kolon-hayatlarini-karartti. 17 March 2023. live.
  124. News: Halil. Fidan. Anadolu Agency. Gaziantep'in Nurdağı ilçesinde arama kurtarma çalışmaları tamamlandı. 15 February 2023. 27 February 2023. tr. 27 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230227004539/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/gaziantepin-nurdagi-ilcesinde-arama-kurtarma-calismalari-tamamlandi/2820728. live.
  125. Web site: Kahreden bilanço! Depremin vurduğu köyde 256 kişi öldü. tr. Haberturk. 16 February 2023. 1 February 2023. 6 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306170645/https://www.haberturk.com/depremin-vurdugu-koyde-256-kisi-oldu-3566140?page=2. live.
  126. Web site: 1368 kişinin hayatını kaybettiği İslahiye'de arama kurtarma çalışmaları sona erdi. Türkiye. 15 February 2023. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326111718/https://www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr/gundem/1368-kisinin-hayatini-kaybettigi-islahiyede-arama-kurtarma-calismalari-sona-erdi-949909. live.
  127. Web site: MARAŞ DEPREM – Antep İslahiye yardım bekliyor. Rudaw Media Network. 8 February 2023. 28 March 2023. tr. 28 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011001/https://www.rudaw.net/turkish/middleeast/turkey/0802202310. live.
  128. News: Hatay earthquake report released: 89,025 buildings lost. 23 April 2023. Gercek News. 8 April 2023. 23 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230423110912/https://www.gerceknews.com/turkey-syria-earthquake/hatay-earthquake-report-released-89025-buildings-lost-219542h. live.
  129. News: Hatay'da son durum: '2 bine yakın yıkılmış bina var, kayıplarımız çok fazla'. The latest situation in Hatay: 'There are nearly 2,000 destroyed buildings, our losses are too high'. 7 February 2023. BBC News. 6 February 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207011738/https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/ce4yl2gw8dqo. dead.
  130. News: Inanc. Yusuf Selman. Turkey earthquake: In Antakya, survivors stumble through city reduced to ruin. 11 April 2023. Middle East Eye. 10 February 2023. 11 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230411224933/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-earthquake-antakya-scenes-devastation-despair. live.
  131. News: 6 February 2023. Deprem Hatay'da havalimanının pistini yardı. tr. The earthquake broke the runway of the airport in Hatay. NTV. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206075702/https://www.ntv.com.tr/video/turkiye/deprem-hatayda-havalimaninin-pistini-yardi,v-wtlTZEMU20zM4vlWQxFA. live.
  132. News: 8 February 2023. Mansur Yavaş: 'Hatay Havalimanı'nın uçuşlara açılması için çalışmalara başladık'. Mansur Yavaş: 'We have started work to open Hatay Airport to flights'. Cumhuriyet. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208102728/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/mansur-yavas-hatay-havalimaninin-ucuslara-acilmasi-icin-calismalara-basladik-2049520. live.
  133. News: Hatay airport in Turkey resumes operations following deadly earthquake. Sariyuce. Isil. Liakos. Chris. CNN. 12 February 2023. 12 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216100359/https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/turkey-syria-earthquake-updates-2-12-23-intl/h_52b11031b4b2b86e9b48ddce43ea8bd3. live.
  134. News: 6 February 2023. Hatay'da iki devlet hastanesi depremde yıkıldı. tr. Two state hospitals in Hatay were destroyed in the earthquake. Diken. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206073302/https://www.diken.com.tr/hatayda-iki-devlet-hastanesi-depremde-yikildi/. live.
  135. Web site: Hatay'da depremin ardından doğal gaz boru hattı patladı. After the earthquake in Hatay, the natural gas pipeline exploded. 6 February 2023. Hürriyet Daily News. 6 February 2023. tr. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206092344/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/hatayda-depremin-ardindan-dogal-gaz-boru-hatti-patladi-42215611. live.
  136. Web site: Hatay'daki yıkım SÖZCÜ muhabirinin objektifine böyle yansıdı. This is how the destruction in Hatay was reflected in the lens of SÖZCÜ reporter. 7 February 2023. sozcu.com.tr. 7 February 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207101756/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2023/gundem/son-dakika-hataydaki-yikim-sozcu-muhabirinin-objektifine-boyle-yansidi-7583228/. live.
  137. News: Major earthquakes hit country's historic sites. 14 February 2023. Hürriyet Daily News. 11 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222025417/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/major-earthquakes-hit-countrys-historic-sites-180778. live.
  138. News: Turkey earthquake: ancient monuments destroyed in cradle of civilisation. 14 February 2023. The Times. London. 10 February 2023. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040402/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/turkey-earthquake-ancient-monuments-destroyed-in-cradle-of-civilisation-vwlq8cqgc. live.
  139. News: Deprem sonrası Hatay'dan gelen görüntüler kan dondurdu. Images from Hatay after the earthquake froze blood. 7 February 2023. Sözcü. 7 February 2023. tr. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206152448/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2023/gundem/deprem-sonrasi-hataydan-gelen-goruntuler-kan-dondurdu-7582014/. live.
  140. News: Footballer Atsu rescued from Turkey quake rubble. BBC Sport. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207090115/https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64552881. live.
  141. News: Hatayspor Sporting Director Taner Savut found dead under debris. 21 February 2023. Daily Sabah. 21 February 2023. 24 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224062443/https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/football/hatayspor-sporting-director-taner-savut-found-dead-under-debris. live.
  142. News: 7 February 2023. The residence of the rich in Hatay completely collapsed. All new buildings. 800 people under the rubble. Hatay'da zenginlerin oturduğu rezidans komple çöktü. Hepsi yeni binalar. 800 kişi enkaz altında. 21 February 2023. Yeniçağ. tr. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221222614/https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/zenginlerin-oturdugu-rezidans-coktu-627143h.htm. live.
  143. News: Safak. Timur. Hubbard. Ben. Turkey Earthquake Trial Opens Amid Anger and Tears. 8 May 2024. The New York Times. 19 April 2024.
  144. News: Hubbard. Ben. Singhvi. Anjali. Glanz. James. Gröndahl. Mika. Ince. Elif. Eski. Beril. Timur. Safak. Why One Upscale Apartment Building Became a Death Trap. 8 May 2024. The New York Times. 11 May 2023.
  145. News: Large fire, plume of smoke at Turkey's Iskenderun port -witnesses. 7 February 2023. Reuters. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207011536/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/large-fire-plume-smoke-turkeys-iskenderun-port-witnesses-2023-02-06/. live.
  146. News: Türkiye's Iskenderun port on fire after the quake, operations halted. 8 February 2023. Channel NewsAsia. 7 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208012846/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/turkey-syria-quake-turkiye-port-iskenderun-damaged-ships-diverting-maersk-3260616. live.
  147. News: Turkey: Fire extiguished at quake-damaged Iskenderun Port. 8 February 2023. DW News. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207224131/https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-fire-extiguished-at-quake-damaged-iskenderun-port/a-64634017. live.
  148. News: Fire at Iskenderun port extinguished. 9 February 2023. BBC News. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208192005/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/64533954. live.
  149. News: Turkey-Syria earthquake: Death toll passes 9,000. 8 February 2023. DW News. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208084111/https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-syria-earthquake-death-toll-passes-9000/a-64636583. live.
  150. News: WATCH: Plane flies through smoke as port fire reignites. 9 February 2023. BBC News. 9 February 2023. 18 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230218044515/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-64565412. live.
  151. News: Fire extinguished at Turkey's Iskenderun port. 12 February 2023. Reuters. 10 February 2023. 12 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230212130147/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fire-extinguished-turkeys-iskenderun-port-2023-02-10/. live.
  152. News: Chambers. Sam. Three months to get Iskenderun terminal operations back to normal. 20 February 2023. Splash 247. 20 February 2023. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220201558/https://splash247.com/three-months-to-get-iskenderun-terminal-operations-back-to-normal/. live.
  153. News: Hatay'da şimdi sular yükseldi. Now the waters have risen in Hatay. 8 February 2023. Yeni Akit Gazetesi. 7 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208012856/https://www.yeniakit.com.tr/haber/hatayda-simdi-sular-yukseldi-1731169.html. live.
  154. News: 3 bin 109 kişinin öldüğü İskenderun'da son durum. 4 March 2023. Cumhuriyet. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326113523/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/3-bin-109-kisinin-oldugu-iskenderunda-son-durum-2057546. live.
  155. Web site: The town that didn't collapse: How a tiny Turkish city avoided the earthquake's destruction. 15 February 2023. Kristina Jovanovski. 26 February 2023. NBC News. 6 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306002638/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/erzin-turkey-earthquake-building-collapse-construction-codes-rcna70733. live.
  156. Web site: Her gün ailesini kaybettiği yerde: 'Taşı alıp mezara koydu insanlar'. 8 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. Gazete Duvar. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164925/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/her-gun-ailesini-kaybettigi-yerde-tasi-alip-mezara-koydu-insanlar-haber-1607067. live.
  157. News: Turkey resorts to mass burials after massive earthquake. 10 February 2023. Tribune News Service. South China Morning Post. 10 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210114/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3209731/turkey-resorts-mass-burials-after-massive-earthquake. live.
  158. Web site: Rescuers work through night after Turkey quake kills thousands. BBC News. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206132818/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/64533954/page/3. live.
  159. News: Turkey earthquake: More than 5,000 victims buried at city's mass cemetery as mourners scramble for more graves. 13 February 2023. WION. 13 February 2023. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230217220200/https://www.wionews.com/world/turkey-earthquake-more-than-5000-victims-buried-at-citys-mass-cemetery-as-mourners-scramble-for-more-graves-561299. live.
  160. Web site: Elbistan'da enkaz kaldırma çalışması; 1 gün önceden depremzedelere duyuruluyor. DHA. 20 February 2023. 3 March 2023.
  161. News: Deprem 2 bin binayı yıktı: Elbistan faysız yere taşınacak. Earthquake destroyed 2 thousand buildings: Elbistan will be moved to faultless place. 15 February 2023. NTV. 15 February 2023. tr. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214230038/https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/deprem-2-bin-binayi-yikti-elbistan-faysiz-yere-tasinacak,3AIlXSlKKEuhonSZcBJsBw. live.
  162. News: Çallı. Muhammed Enes. Twin earthquakes destroy village in Türkiye's Kahramanmaras province. 21 February 2023. Anadolu Agency. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221001720/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/twin-earthquakes-destroy-village-in-turkiye-s-kahramanmaras-province/2826278. live.
  163. News: Yer kaymasının en fazla yaşandığı Ekinözü'nde yaralar sarılıyor. Anadolu Agency. 22 February 2023. 2 March 2023. tr. 2 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302185634/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/yer-kaymasinin-en-fazla-yasandigi-ekinozunde-yaralar-sariliyor/2827561. live.
  164. News: Afşîn'de deprem bilançosu: 180 can kaybı, 335 yıkım, 7 tutuklama. Mesopotamia Agency. 19 February 2023. 4 March 2023. tr. 22 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231022155557/http://mezopotamyaajansi35.com/tum-haberler/content/view/198995. live.
  165. News: Depremde Göksun'daki Mahallede 152 kişi hayatını kaybetti!. Maraş Pusula. 23 March 2023. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326170008/https://www.maraspusula.com/depremde-goksundaki-mahallede-152-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti. live.
  166. News: İki gün sonra yolu açılan Nurhak'ta en az 200 kişi yaşamını yitirdi. Mezopotamya Ajansı. 11 February 2023. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326170758/http://mezopotamyaajansi35.com/tum-haberler/content/view/197773. live.
  167. News: Türkoğlu'nda depremzedelerin yaraları sarılıyor. Anadolu Agency. 13 March 2023. 17 April 2023. tr. 17 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230417145617/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/turkoglunda-depremzedelerin-yaralari-sariliyor/2844369. live.
  168. News: Bayar. Ceren. Alan. Serkan. Adıyaman'da deprem: Bize makine lazım, makine, makine…. Earthquake in Adıyaman: We need machinery, machinery, machinery…. 9 March 2023. Gazete Duvar. 7 February 2023. tr. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208004159/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/adiyamanda-deprem-bize-makine-lazim-makine-makine-haber-1602241. live.
  169. News: Adıyaman'da deprem öncesi ve sonrası araç kamerasında. On the vehicle camera before and after the earthquake in Adıyaman. 9 March 2023. Cumhuriyet. 5 March 2023. tr. 9 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230309013538/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/adiyamanda-deprem-oncesi-ve-sonrasi-arac-kamerasinda-2057935. live.
  170. Web site: Belediye binası moloza döndü. Milliyet. 7 February 2023. 1 March 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073549/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/belediye-binasi-moloza-dondu-6899669. live.
  171. News: 6 February 2023. Adıyaman'da 20 kişi hayatını kaybetti, belediye binası yıkıldı. tr. Medyascope. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206170433/https://medyascope.tv/2023/02/06/deprem-bolgesinde-il-il-son-durum-adiyamanda-20-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti-belediye-binasi-yikildi/. live.
  172. Web site: Kıbrıs Isias Otel'e karşı yargı sürecini takipte. tr. DW News. 21 February 2023. 14 March 2023. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221162245/https://www.dw.com/tr/k%C4%B1br%C4%B1s-isias-otele-kar%C5%9F%C4%B1-yarg%C4%B1-s%C3%BCrecini-takipte/a-64778172.
  173. Web site: Depremde yıkılan oteller. Turizm Gazetesi. 7 February 2023. 1 March 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208005934/https://www.turizmgazetesi.com/haber/depremde-yikilan-oteller/84273. live.
  174. Web site: 'We have no hope': Discontent grows over slow response to Turkey earthquakes. ITV News. 28 February 2023. 3 March 2023. 7 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230307130723/https://www.itv.com/news/2023-02-28/we-have-no-hope-discontent-grows-over-slow-response-to-turkey-earthquakes. live.
  175. News: Bulut. Fırat. Pazarcık'ta deprem: Adıyaman ve Malatya'da ulaşılamayan yerler var. Earthquake in Pazarcık: There are places that cannot be reached in Adıyaman and Malatya. 9 March 2023. Gazete Duvar. 6 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208002924/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/pazarcikta-deprem-adiyaman-ve-malatyada-ulasilamayan-yerler-var-haber-1601879. live.
  176. Web site: Depremlerin etkilediği Gölbaşı ilçesini ayağa kaldırmak için çalışmalar sürüyor. 7 March 2023. 24 March 2023. Anadolu Agency. tr. 24 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230324193039/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/depremlerin-etkiledigi-golbasi-ilcesini-ayaga-kaldirmak-icin-calismalar-suruyor/2839067. live.
  177. Web site: Arama kurtarma çalışmalarının sona erdirildiği Besni'de 410 kişinin hayatını kaybettiği bildirildi. Evrensel. 16 March 2023. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326161941/https://www.evrensel.net/haber/482485/arama-kurtarma-calismalarinin-sona-erdirildigi-besnide-410-kisinin-hayatini-kaybettigi-bildirildi. live.
  178. Web site: Milletvekili Kılınç'ın Kahta'da hastane izlenimleri: Hastalar taburcu edilemiyor, çünkü evleri yok. The Independent. 8 February 2023. 26 March 2023. tr. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162757/https://www.indyturk.com/node/608486/haber/milletvekili-k%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7%C4%B1n-kahtada-hastane-izlenimleri-hastalar-taburcu-edilemiyor. live.
  179. Web site: 7 February 2023. Massive Quakes in Turkey and Syria Damage Gaziantep Castle, Heritage Sites. 8 February 2023. Artforum. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209005616/https://www.artforum.com/news/massive-quakes-in-turkey-and-syria-damage-gaziantep-castle-heritage-sites-90104. live.
  180. Web site: 9 February 2023. Turkey and Syria earthquakes: Travel warnings, what tourists need to know and where to donate. 9 February 2023. euronews. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221105606/https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/02/07/turkey-earthquakes-travel-warnings-appeals-and-what-tourists-need-to-know. live.
  181. News: Diyarbakır'daki Galeria Sitesi'nin 1 bloğu yıkım sırasında çöktü; o anlar kamerada. 1 block of Galeria Complex in Diyarbakır collapsed during demolition; those moments on camera. Yeniçağ. 10 March 2023. 10 March 2023. tr. 10 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230310173145/https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/diyarbakirdaki-galeria-sitesinin-1-blogu-yikim-sirasinda-coktu-o-anlar-kamerada-639744h.htm. live.
  182. News: Tosun. Mehmet. Kutbe. Harun. Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı Oktay: Kilis ve Şanlıurfa'da arama kurtarma çalışmaları tamamlandı. Vice President Oktay: Search and rescue efforts in Kilis and Şanlıurfa have been completed. 9 March 2023. Anadolu Agency. 9 February 2023. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214174922/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/cumhurbaskani-yardimcisi-oktay-kilis-ve-sanliurfada-arama-kurtarma-calismalari-tamamlandi/2813828. live.
  183. Web site: Şanlıurfa'da 33 kişinin öldüğü binayla ilgili 11 gözaltı. 11 detentions related to the building where 33 people died in Şanlıurfa. Sözcü. 11 February 2023. tr. 10 March 2023. 10 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230310104937/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2023/ekonomi/sanliurfada-depremde-yikilan-binalarla-ilgili-8-gozalti-7588429/. live.
  184. News: Depremde en çok hasarlı ilçeler Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığınca belirlendi. The most damaged districts in the earthquake were determined by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. 9 March 2023. Yeni Şafak. 15 February 2023. tr. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216110143/https://www.yenisafak.com/depremde-en-cok-hasar-ilceler-hangileri-hangi-ilcede-ne-kadar-yikik-bina-var-az-orta-agir-hasarli-yikil-acil-yikilacak-bina-sayisi-kac-h-4507993. live.
  185. Web site: Kilis'te enkaz altında kimse kalmadı. 1 March 2023. 8 February 2023. Hürriyet. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209055641/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/kiliste-enkaz-altinda-kimse-kalmadi-42216692. live.
  186. Web site: Batman'da 15 bina ağır hasar aldı. Haberturk. 9 January 2023. tr. 14 February 2023. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214232931/https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-batman-da-15-bina-agir-hasar-aldi-3564140. live.
  187. Web site: Mardin´de 59 yapı ağır hasarlı çıktı. 59 buildings were heavily damaged in Mardin. Haberturk. 13 February 2023. tr. 13 April 2023. 13 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230413231610/https://www.haberturk.com/mardinde-59-yapi-agir-hasarli-cikti-3565391. live.
  188. Web site: Mardin'de deprem sırasında kalp krizi geçiren Pelin öğretmen hayatını kaybetti. Pelin teacher died of a heart attack during the earthquake in Mardin. Sözcü. 6 January 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206174631/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2023/gunun-icinden/mardinde-deprem-sirasinda-kalp-krizi-geciren-pelin-ogretmen-hayatini-kaybetti-7582348/. live.
  189. Web site: Deprem Bingöl'de Hasara Neden Oldu. Earthquake Caused Damage in Bingol. bingolonline.com. 6 February 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207032038/https://www.bingolonline.com/haber/deprem-bingolde-de-hasara-neden-oldu-77768.html. live.
  190. Web site: 19 Mayıs Stadı'nda 'Depremin İzleri'. 'Traces of the Earthquake' at 19 Mayıs Stadium. Hedefhalk. 19 February 2023. 19 February 2023. 20 February 2023. https://archive.today/20230220014012/https://www.hedefhalk.com/19-mayis-stadi-nda-depremin-izleri/1713528/. live.
  191. Web site: Son Dakika! Valilik açıkladı: Kayseri'de ağır hasarlı bina sayısı 1148. tr. 29 March 2023. 29 April 2023. Canıl Gaste. 29 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230429140228/https://www.canligaste.com/amp/haber/son-dakika-valilik-acikladi-kayseri-de-agir-hasarli-bina-sayisi-1148/325676/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjowpConc_-AhU3gP0HHcVTBUQQFnoECBYQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw1mqIP8R2K88HYp9H_ok46r. live.
  192. Web site: Deprem sonrası Muş'ta bir köyde bir ahır çöktü, evlerde hasar oluştu. Demirören News Agency. tr. 22 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222200001/https://www.dha.com.tr/yerel-haberler/mus/merkez/deprem-sonrasi-musta-bir-koyde-bir-ahir-coktu-2201778. live.
  193. Web site: Kahramanmaraş merkezli deprem Sivas'ta da hasara yol açtı. 6 February 2023. 23 February 2023. Cumhuriyet. tr. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223000909/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/kahramanmaras-merkezli-deprem-sivasta-da-hasara-yol-acti-2048769. live.
  194. Web site: Depremin hissedildiği Giresun'da hasarlı bina boşaltıldı. 6 February 2023. 23 February 2023. Haber61. tr. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223001803/https://www.haber61.net/depremin-hissedildigi-giresunda-hasarli-bina-bosaltildi. live.
  195. Web site: Elazığ'da depremde hasar gördüğü için boşaltılan bina çöktü. The building, which was evacuated because it was damaged in the earthquake in Elazig, collapsed. aa.com.tr. tr. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207033100/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/elazigda-depremde-hasar-gordugu-icin-bosaltilan-bina-coktu/2808199. live.
  196. Web site: Son Dakika: AKP milletvekili Yakup Taş yaşamını yitirdi. Last Minute: AKP deputy Yakup Taş passed away. 7 February 2023. cumhuriyet.com.tr. tr. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207125556/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/son-dakika-akp-milletvekili-yakup-tas-yasamini-yitirdi-2049186. live.
  197. News: Yılmaz Vural yayında açıkladı: Ahmet Eyüp Türkaslan'ın cansız bedenine ulaşıldı. Yılmaz Vural announced on the air: The lifeless body of Ahmet Eyüp Türkaslan was found. 7 February 2023. NTV Spor. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207161416/https://www.ntvspor.net/futbol/yeni-malatyaspor-kalecisi-ahmet-eyup-turkaslan-in-cansiz-bedenine-ulasildi-63e2720e0d0b57102060ec33. live.
  198. Web site: Rönesans Rezidans'taki Hentbol Milli Takımı Kaptanı Cemal Kütahya ve ailesi için umutlu bekleyiş sürüyor. 16 February 2023. CNN TÜRK. 10 February 2023. tr. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210093646/https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/diger-sporlar/ronesans-residancetaki-hentbol-milli-takimi-kaptani-cemal-kutahya-ve-ailesi-icin-umutlu-bekleyis-suruyor. live.
  199. Web site: 14 February 2023. Handball captain dies in earthquake in Türkiye's southeast. 15 February 2023. Daily Sabah. 15 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230215074551/https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/handball-captain-dies-in-earthquake-in-turkiyes-southeast/news. live.
  200. Web site: Gazete Duvar. 2 September 2023. Eski vekil Sıtkı Güvenç depremde vefat etti. 11 February 2023. Former deputy Sıtkı Güvenç passed away in the earthquake. tr. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033826/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/eski-vekil-sitki-guvenc-depremde-vefat-etti-haber-1602635. live.
  201. News: TSK deprem bölgesine "hava yardım koridoru" kurdu. Turkish Armed Forces established an "air aid corridor" in the earthquake zone. 6 February 2023. Anadolu Agency. tr. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207020012/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/tsk-deprem-bolgesine-hava-yardim-koridoru-kurdu/2807784. live.
  202. News: Erkilik. O.. Yazicioglu. Y.. Bozarslan. M.. Sahinkaya. E.. 2 March 2023. Earthquake Deals Another Blow to Turkey's Struggling Local Media. 3 March 2023. Voice of America. 2 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302212314/https://www.voanews.com/amp/earthquake-deals-another-blow-to-turkey-s-struggling-local-media/6987128.html. live.
  203. News: Deprem bölgesinde hayatını kaybeden doktorların sayısı artıyor. Tele1. 9 February 2023. tr. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210130038/https://tele1.com.tr/deprem-bolgesinde-hayatini-kaybeden-doktorlarin-sayisi-artiyor-786433/. 10 February 2023. live.
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  205. Web site: Depremlerden etkilenen illerde 61 bin 722 binanın acil yıkılması gerekiyor. 16 February 2023. tr. Hürriyet Daily News. In provinces affected by earthquakes, 61,722 buildings must be demolished urgently. 16 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216112915/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/depremlerden-etkilenen-illerde-61-bin-722-binanin-acil-yikilmasi-gerekiyor-42220807. live.
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  207. Web site: ارتفاع حصيلة الـ ـضـ ـحـ ـايـ ـا الذين فـ ـارقـ ـوا الحياة جراء الـ ـزلـ ـز ا ل الـ ـمـ ـدمّـ ـر في سوريا إلى 6795 إنسان. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. 4 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230404060112/https://www.syriahr.com/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%B6%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%AD%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81/591382/. live.
  208. News: Health Ministry: Death toll from earthquake has risen to 812 deaths and 1,449 injuries, in provinces of Aleppo, Lattakia, Hama, Idleb Countryside and Tartous. 7 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207075007/https://www.sana.sy/en/?p=299328. live.
  209. News: 8 February 2023. 72 after catastrophe 3,556 people killed in Syria due to devastating earthquake. SOHR. 9 February 2023. 12 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230212140625/https://www.syriahr.com/en/287884/. live.
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  212. Web site: A Total of 7,259 Syrians, including 2,153 Children and 1,524 Women, Died Due to the Turkey-Syria Earthquake: 2,534 Died in Non-Regime Territories, 394 in Regime Territories, and 4,331 in Turkey. Syrian Network for Human Rights. 28 February 2023. 10 March 2023. 31 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230331183746/https://snhr.org/blog/2023/02/28/a-total-of-7259-syrians-including-2153-children-and-1524-women-died-due-to-the-turkey-syria-earthquake-2534-died-in-non-regime-territories-394-in-regime-territories-and-4331-in-turkey/. live.
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  214. News: 6 February 2023. Major quake kills more than 100 across Turkey, Syria. CNA (Channel NewsAsia). 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206054348/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/major-quake-kills-more-100-across-turkey-syria-3256346. live.
  215. News: Up to 5.3 million in Syria may be homeless after quake: UN. 11 February 2023. Agence France-Presse. The Straits Times. 11 February 2023. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221231447/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/up-to-53-million-in-syria-may-be-homeless-after-quake-un. live.
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  221. News: Syrian newborn pulled alive from earthquake rubble. 7 February 2023. Channel NewsAsia. Agence France-Presse. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207145829/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/syria-newborn-alive-earthquake-rubble-turkey-turkiye-rescue-3260721. live.
  222. News: Dabin. B.. al-Jazaeri. R.. 283 deaths 173 injuries in the earthquake in Jableh, Lattakia. 9 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 9 February 2023. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210082143/https://sana.sy/en/?p=299733. live.
  223. News: Four bodies pulled from rubble removal operations in Jableh. 10 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 10 February 2023. 11 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211114036/https://sana.sy/en/?p=299894. live.
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  225. Web site: Destruction strikes at night as huge earthquake rocks Turkey and Syria – in pictures. The Guardian. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206082434/https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2023/feb/06/destruction-strikes-at-night-as-huge-earthquake-rocks-turkey-and-syria-in-pictures. live.
  226. Web site: Photos show aftermath of two massive earthquakes that struck Turkey and Syria. CNBC. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206212715/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/06/photos-show-aftermath-of-massive-earthquakes-in-turkey-and-syria.html. live.
  227. Web site: 'There's no one to help us': Syria's rebel-controlled zones in ruins after devastating earthquake. France 24. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002723/https://observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230206-syria-idlib-aleppo-rebel-zones-devastation-earthquake-rescue. live.
  228. News: Baraa. Ali. 805 deaths, 105 collapsed buildings, and 900 completely damaged ones in quake-affected areas, Lattakia. 27 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 27 February 2023. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228094917/https://sana.sy/en/?p=302097. live.
  229. News: al-Jazaeri. Ruaa. 805 deaths, 142,000 quake-affected people in Lattakia Province-Governor. 14 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207041949/https://www.sana.sy/en/?p=299062. live.
  230. News: Muhammad. Z.. وزارة التربية السورية: وفاة 46 طالباً ومعلماً في اللاذقية جراء الزلزال. The Syrian Ministry of Education: 46 Students And Teachers Died in Lattakia As A Result of the Earthquake. 11 February 2023. NPA Syria. ar. 11 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211082559/https://npasyria.com/141311/. live.
  231. News: Sharif. Fadi Bey. الزلزال يتسبب بوفاة 10 طلاب و3 موظفين وأستاذة جامعية بكلية الطب … وزير التعليم العالي لـ"الوطن": أضرار طالت البنى التحتية في عدد من الجامعات تتم صيانتها.. ولجان للكشف عن سلامة أبنية السكن الجامعي. The earthquake causes the death of 10 students, 3 employees, and a university professor at the Faculty of Medicine. The minister of higher education told Al-Watan: Damage to the infrastructure in a number of universities is being maintained.. 16 February 2023. Al-Watan. 16 February 2023. tr. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216071709/http://alwatan.sy/archives/335146. live.
  232. News: Earthquake rescue mission finishes in Syria's Hama: official. 8 February 2023. Inform.kz. 7 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208070630/https://www.inform.kz/en/earthquake-rescue-mission-finishes-in-syria-s-hama-official_a4032838. live.
  233. News: Live Updates Aid, rescues in quake-hit Turkey, Syria. Associated Press. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023.
  234. News: Ashawi. K.. Shielded from war, Syria town emptied out by earthquake and floods. 11 February 2023. Reuters. 10 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216021704/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/shielded-war-syria-town-emptied-out-by-earthquake-floods-2023-02-09/. live.
  235. News: Engelbrecht. Cora. An Underground Hospital in Syria Fills With Quake Victims. The New York Times. 15 February 2023. 9 February 2023. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220073822/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/09/world/middleeast/earthquake-syria-hospital.html. live.
  236. News: Zain. Hala. Several archaeological sites in Tartous province damaged by the earthquake. 20 February 2023. Syrian Arab News Agency. 19 February 2023. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220073823/https://www.sana.sy/en/?p=301043. live.
  237. News: 6 February 2023. Death toll rises rapidly following powerful 7.8 quake in Turkey, Syria. 1 News. Associated Press. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206062957/https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/02/06/death-toll-rises-rapidly-following-powerful-78-quake-in-turkey-syria/. live.
  238. News: Fitzpatrick. M.. 6 February 2023. Massive earthquake kills hundreds in Turkey, Syria. Radio France Internationale. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206085104/https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20230206-massive-earthquake-kills-hundreds-in-turkey-syria. live.
  239. News: 6 February 2023. Death toll after Turkey, Syria earthquake tops 1,400. RTÉ. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206060537/https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/0206/1354014-quake-turkey-syria/. live.
  240. News: Hayel. Ibrahim. فاجعة الزلزال.. الموت يحصد 51 شخصاً من عائلة واحدة في إدلب. The catastrophe of the earthquake.. Death claimed 51 people from one family in Idlib. 14 February 2023. Orient Net. 14 February 2023. ar. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214154939/https://orient-news.net/ar/news_show/201932. live.
  241. Web site: 6 February 2023. وفاة اللاعب السوري نادر جوخدار في الزلزال. Royanews. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206114023/https://royanews.tv/news/293769. live.
  242. News: Wafat laeib duliin sabiq fi zilzal Suria. A former international player died in the Syrian earthquake. ar:وفاة لاعب دولي سابق في زلزال سوريا. 27 February 2024. Agence France-Presse. ar. Al Arabiya. 6 February 2023.
  243. News: Armstrong. C.. زلزال تركيا وسوريا: لماذا تعد حلب من أكثر المناطق تضررا من هذه الكارثة؟. Turkey and Syria earthquake: Why is Aleppo one of the areas most affected by this disaster?. 7 February 2023. BBC News. 7 February 2023. tr. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207034803/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-64549944. live.
  244. News: Earthquake stuns Syria's Aleppo even after war's horrors. 9 February 2023. Associated Press. Politico. 8 February 2023. 11 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211152551/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/08/earthquake-aleppo-syria-turkey-00081989. live.
  245. News: Zinklo. K.. ارتفاع ضحايا الزلزال إلى 444 وفاة في حلب منها 237 امرأة … زيادة في المحروقات والغاز المنزلي وانتقادات لقرار العودة إلى المدارس تدريجياً من اليوم. The earthquake victims rose to 444 deaths in Aleppo, including 237 women … an increase in fuel and domestic gas, and criticism of the decision to gradually return to schools from today. 16 February 2023. Al-Watan. 14 February 2023. ar. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216071718/https://alwatan.sy/archives/335145. live.
  246. News: Hamijo. M. M.. المحامي العام الأول في حلب: تسليم 210 ضحايا لذويها ومن المتوقع ازدياد عدد الضحايا … محامي عام اللاذقية لـ"الوطن": الكشف على 400 ضحية منها لأسر بأكملها … نقيب الأطباء لـ"الوطن": العثور على طبيبين متوفين وطبيب وزوجته الطبيبة مازالا تحت الأنقاض. The First Public Prosecutor in Aleppo: 210 victims were handed over to their families, and the number of victims is expected to increase... The Public Prosecutor of Lattakia told Al-Watan: Examination of 400 victims, including entire families... The Captain of Doctors told Al-Watan: two deceased doctors, a doctor and his wife, the doctor, were found still under the rubble. 10 February 2023. Al-Watan. 8 February 2023. ar. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210235711/http://alwatan.sy/archives/334492. live.
  247. News: Adel. E.. زلزال سوريا.. انهيار مناطق أثرية في حلب بسبب الهزة الأرضية اليوم (تفاصيل). The earthquake in Syria... the collapse of archeological areas in Aleppo due to the earthquake today (details). 7 February 2023. 6 February 2023. Al-Masry Al-Youm. ar. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207034807/https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2812117. live.
  248. News: Heyman. Taylor. Turkey earthquake before and after: How heritage sites look after devastation. 10 February 2023. 7 February 2023. MENA News. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222025417/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/07/turkey-earthquake-before-and-after-what-heritage-sites-look-like-after-devastation/. live.
  249. News: Shaikhouni. L.. Turkey and Syria earthquake: 'The hospital was collapsing with my son inside'. 8 February 2023. BBC News. 8 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207224520/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64538295. live.
  250. News: الأمم المتحدة: الأوضاع في سورية صعبة للغاية وفريقنا على الأرض يقيّم الاحتياجات. United Nations: The situation in Syria is very difficult and our team is on the ground assessing the needs. 9 February 2023. The New Arab. 9 February 2023. ar. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209005617/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/society/الأمم-المتحدة-الأوضاع-في-سورية-بعد-الزلزال-صعبة-للغاية. live.
  251. News: At least 20 escape Syria prison holding IS inmates after quake. 7 February 2023. Agence France-Presse. France 24. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207005132/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230206-at-least-20-escape-syria-prison-holding-is-inmates-after-quake. live.
  252. News: 6 February 2023. Powerful 7.8 quake knocks down buildings in Turkey, Syria. Associated Press. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206020324/https://apnews.com/article/earthquake-shakes-turkey-b927808f6a5c54bdb669120faa40b7bc. live.
  253. News: Israel to provide Syria with blankets, tents, medicine after earthquake. The Jerusalem Post. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206065849/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-730717. live.
  254. News: Cracks, Fissures Risk Collapse of Buildings North of Damascus. Asharq Al-Awsat. 8 February 2023. 12 February 2023. 12 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230212061344/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4145506/cracks-fissures-risk-collapse-buildings-north-damascus. live.
  255. News: 6 February 2023. Major earthquake strikes Turkey, Syria; about 200 dead, many trapped (Update). Cyprus Mail. Reuters. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206065216/https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/02/06/major-earthquake-strikes-turkey-syria-76-dead-many-trapped/. live.
  256. News: 6 February 2023. آثار سوريا لم تسلم من الزلزال.. تضرر قلعتي حلب والمرقب. ar. Al Arabiya. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206093928/https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/2023/02/06/تضرر-قلعة-حلب-التاريخية-جراء-الزلزال-المدمر. live.
  257. Web site: Syrian Castle among Quake-Hit Ancient Sites at Risk. aawsat.com. 13 March 2023. 14 March 2023. 14 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230314144136/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4210101/syrian-castle-among-quake-hit-ancient-sites-risk. live.
  258. News: Damage in Minaret of Kobani's Grand Mosque After Earthquake. 7 February 2023. North Press Agency. 7 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208051815/https://npasyria.com/en/92292/. live.
  259. Web site: گورهای دسته جمعی افغان‌ها؛ سقوط کرامت انسانی در ترکیه. mass graves of Afghans; Fall of human dignity in Turkey. Tahlil Roz. fa. 20 February 2023. 14 March 2023. 4 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230404060113/https://tahlilroz.com/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87/. live.
  260. Web site: Tremblement de terre en Turquie: Des dizaines d'haïtiens parmi les victimes. LTInfo News. 7 February 2023. 8 April 2023. 10 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230410120338/https://latourinfonews.com/tremblement-de-terre-en-turquie-des-dizaines-dhaitiens-parmi-les-victimes. live.
  261. Web site: ارتفاع حصيلة الضحايا الفلسطينيين في زلزال تركيا وسورية إلى 105. The (Palestinian) death toll from the earthquakes in Turkey and Syria rose to 105. Arab48. 18 February 2023. 18 February 2023. ar. 18 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230218170029/https://www.arab48.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9/2023/02/18/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-105. live.
  262. News: Bodies of Cyprus Students Killed in Turkey Quake Flown Home. Barrons. 10 February 2023. 10 February 2023. 15 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230215124724/https://www.barrons.com/news/bodies-of-cyprus-students-killed-in-turkey-quake-flown-home-b571e09e. live.
  263. News: Seven Turkish Cypriots among those killed in earthquake. 9 February 2023. Cyprus Mail. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209130202/https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/02/07/six-turkish-cypriots-among-those-killed-in-earthquake/. live.
  264. News: ارتفاع حصيلة الضحايا اليمنيين إلى ثمانية أشخاص جراء زلزال تركيا. ar. Yemen Shabab. 14 February 2023. 15 February 2023. 2 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222442/https://yemenshabab.net/news/82725. live.
  265. News: إعلامي يمني يكشف عن استشهاد 21 فرد من أسرته جراء زلزال تركيا (كشف). 15 February 2023. Al Mashhad-Al Yemeni. ar. 11 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216104949/https://www.almashhad-alyemeni.com/249239. live.
  266. News: Séisme en Turquie: 20 Marocains décédés et 33 portés disparus (Ambassade). Le Matin. fr. 28 February 2023. 5 March 2023. 13 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231013194821/https://lematin.ma/express/2023/seisme-turquie-20-marocains-decedes-33-portes-disparus/387197.html. live.
  267. Web site: Le séisme a tué 16 Libanais en Turquie, selon le ministère des Affaires étrangères. L'Orient Today. 15 February 2023. 15 February 2023. 7 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230307053936/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1328334/un-autre-libanais-retrouve-mort-sous-les-decombres-en-turquie.html. live.
  268. Web site: 13 Iraqis killed in Turkey quake. Al Sharqiya. 16 February 2023.
  269. News: Türkiyədə zəlzələ nəticəsində həlak olmuş Azərbaycan Respublikası vətəndaşları barədə mətbuat məlumatı. 15 February 2023. 15 February 2023. 19 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230219164821/https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no07523. live.
  270. News: Séisme en Turquie et en Syrie: huit Français sont morts, annonce le Quai d'Orsay. fr. Le Journal du Dimanche. 3 March 2023. 1 March 2023. 2 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302083423/https://www.lejdd.fr/international/seisme-en-turquie-et-en-syrie-huit-francais-sont-morts-annonce-le-quai-dorsay-133172. live.
  271. News: Il terremoto in Turchia, trovati i corpi della famiglia italiana. 11 February 2023. Today. it. 11 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211120957/https://www.today.it/mondo/famiglia-italiana-morta-terremoto-turchia.html. live.
  272. Web site: Ritrovato senza vita in Turchia il corpo di Angelo Zen. 16 February 2023. Agi. 16 February 2023. it. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216165804/https://www.agi.it/politica/news/2023-02-16/terremoto-tajani-ritrovato-corpo-angelo-zen-20138703/. live.
  273. News: مرگ ۶ ایرانی در زلزله ترکیه تایید شد. Shargh. fa. 17 February 2023. 14 March 2023. 3 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230303031814/https://www.sharghdaily.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-6/870630-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AF. live.
  274. News: Filipino woman, children found dead in Turkey quake aftermath. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 20 February 2023. 19 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222044244/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/211221/filipino-woman-children-found-dead-in-turkey-quake-aftermath. live.
  275. News: 2 Filipinos killed in Turkey quake. 9 February 2023. ABS-CBN. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209235830/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/10/23/2-filipinos-killed-in-turkey-quake. live.
  276. Web site: Body of another Georgian citizen killed by earthquake found in Turkey. Interpress News. 12 February 2023. 17 February 2023. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230217075503/https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/article/123826-body-of-another-georgian-citizen-killed-by-earthquake-found-in-turkey/. live.
  277. Web site: 14 February 2023. Щонайменше п'ятеро українців загинули від землетрусу в Туреччині. Що про них відомо. 15 February 2023. BBC News Україна. uk. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319043139/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-64640704. live.
  278. News: Tanamal. Yvette. Embassy reports first Indonesian deaths in Turkey quakes. The Jakarta Post. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120116/https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2023/02/08/embassy-reports-first-indonesian-deaths-in-turkey-quakes.html. live.
  279. News: Sempat Hilang Kontak, 2 WNI Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Gempa Turki. CNN Indonesia. 18 February 2023. id. 18 February 2023. 3 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230303235917/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230218203926-134-914866/sempat-hilang-kontak-2-wni-ditemukan-meninggal-akibat-gempa-turki. live.
  280. News: Vier Nederlanders overleden door aardbevingen in Turkije. nl. NRC. 8 February 2023. Dungen. Lotje van den. 4 March 2023. 4 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304003610/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/02/08/nederlandse-man-26-overleden-door-aardbevingen-in-turkije-a4156588. live.
  281. News: Четверо россиян погибли при землетрясении в Турции. Morozova. A.. ru. Vedomosti. 20 February 2023. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230305131803/https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/news/2023/02/10/962459-dvoe-rossiyan-pogibli-pri-zemletryasenii. live.
  282. Web site: Earthquake claims lives of four Uzbek citizens. Daryo. 13 February 2023. 16 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216210946/https://daryo.uz/en/2023/02/13/earthquake-claims-lives-of-four-uzbek-citizens. live.
  283. Web site: Australian woman third victim of earthquake, as family pay tribute to Melbourne man killed. 9news.com.au. 11 February 2023. 16 February 2023. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216180331/https://amp.9news.com.au/article/bbfac0f0-a071-4c35-92f7-b076984ca2de. live.
  284. News: 19 February 2023. مراسلنا: 3 ضحايا مصريين في زلزال تركيا. ar. Al Qahera News. 3 March 2023. 3 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230303034255/https://alqaheranews.net/blog/16181/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7. live.
  285. News: A mother and two children from the Republic of Moldova, dead as a result of the disaster in Turkey. Another 27 Moldovans are still missing. O mamă și doi copii din Republica Moldova, morți în urma dezastrului din Turcia. Alți 27 de moldoveni sunt în continuare dispăruți. Observator News. 8 February 2023. ro. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208141037/https://observatornews.ro/eveniment/o-mama-si-doi-copii-din-republica-moldova-morti-in-urma-dezastrului-din-turcia-alti-27-de-moldoveni-sunt-in-continuare-disparuti-510541.html. live.
  286. News: At least 3 Americans killed during earthquake in Turkey and Syria, US State Department confirms. 8 February 2023. ABC7 Chicago. WLS-TV. 8 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209005619/https://abc7news.com/2023-turkey-earthquake-syria-death-toll-americans-killed/12787884/. live.
  287. News: 9 February 2023. Turkey quake: Two Algerian nationals among the dead. Algeria Press Service. live. subscription. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209225834/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/46666-turkey-quake-two-algerian-nationals-among-the-dead. 9 February 2023.
  288. News: 7 February 2023. Erdbeben in Türkei und Syrien: Zwei Österreicher unter den Toten. de. Die Presse. 11 February 2023. 11 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211085304/https://www.diepresse.com/6248366/erdbeben-in-tuerkei-und-syrien-zwei-oesterreicher-unter-den-toten. live.
  289. News: Σεισμός στην Τουρκία: Νεκροί οι Έλληνες αγνοούμενοι στην Αντιόχεια. Earthquake in Turkey: Greeks missing in Antioch dead. LiFO. el. 10 February 2023. 11 February 2023. 12 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230212200316/https://www.lifo.gr/now/world/seismos-stin-toyrkia-entopistike-nekros-o-ellinas-stin-antioheia. live.
  290. News: Kazakhstani Mirbolat Kurmashev died in earthquake in Turkey. El.kz. 10 February 2023.
  291. News: "Усе выратаваліся, акрамя іх". У Турцыі загінула беларуска разам з мужам і двума дзецьмі. Nasha Niva. be. 9 February 2023.
  292. News: Une Belge en vacances en Turquie parmi les victimes du séisme. 7sur7. 9 February 2023.
  293. News: NIJE PREŽIVIO U ruševinama u Turskoj pronađeno tijelo državljanina BiH. Srpska Info. bs. 11 February 2023.
  294. News: Откриха тялото на български гражданин в Искендерун след земетресението. Darik News. bg. 9 February 2023.
  295. Web site: Corpse of amputee footballer killed in Turkey earthquake arrives Yaounde Feb. 14. Mimimefoinfos. 13 February 2023.
  296. News: Canadian woman's body found in building that collapsed during quake in Turkey. Tutton. Michael. CBC News. 14 February 2023. 14 February 2023.
  297. News: Promising Uyghur university graduate dies in Turkey quake. Rfa. 10 February 2023.
  298. News: 9 February 2023. Atención: Cancillería confirmó el fallecimiento de la colombiana Johanna Millán, víctima del terremoto en Turquía. 10 February 2023. Semana. es.
  299. News: 9 February 2023. Czech woman confirmed dead in Turkey earthquake. 9 February 2023. Radio Prague International.
  300. Web site: Christian Atsu found dead after Turkey earthquake. BBC News. 18 February 2023.
  301. News: Gomez. Eyleen. Gibraltar mourns GHA doctor who died in Turkey earthquake. Gibraltar Chronicle. 13 February 2023. 6 August 2023.
  302. News: Body of Missing Indian Man Found Under Destroyed Hotel in Turkey. 11 February 2023. NDTV. 11 February 2023.
  303. News: Earthquake in Turkey: Citizen of Kyrgyzstan dies in Hatay. 13 February 2023. 16 February 2023.
  304. News: 8 February 2023. Осмогодишњак српског порекла међу жртвама земљотреса у Турској. 11 February 2023. Politika. sr.
  305. News: 12 February 2023. Sri Lankan national has died in Turkey earthquake. 12 February 2023. Newswire.lk.
  306. News: 10 February 2023. بين قتلى ومفقودين.. ما حصيلة الضحايا العرب في زلزال تركيا؟. 11 February 2023. Sky News Arabia. ar.
  307. News: 1 Thai dead in Turkey quake. Bangkok Post. 9 February 2023.
  308. News: Ugandan confirmed among the dead as Turkey death toll continues to rise. Nile Post. 14 February 2023.
  309. Web site: IFRC. Türkiye – Earthquakes Operation Update #2 – Emergency Appeal № MDRTR004 (21/04/2023). ReliefWeb. 21 April 2023. 23 April 2023.
  310. News: مـ ـأسـ ـاة الـ ـزلـ ـز ا ل في يومها الـ 18 تـ ـو د ي بـ ـحـ ـيـ ـاة 6760 إنسان في سورية. 24 February 2023. 24 February 2023. ar.
  311. News: Baladi. E.. Half of Syrians in Turkey live in the earthquake zone. 9 February 2023. Enab Baladi. 8 February 2023.
  312. Web site: 14 February 2023. At least 11 Iraqis killed in Turkey's earthquake; none in Syria, says foreign ministry. Kurdistan24.
  313. News: Foreign Ministry: About 100 Afghans Killed or Injured in Turkey Earthquake. TOLOnews. 8 February 2023. Sangar. Rohullah. 9 February 2023. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210003203/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-181960. live.
  314. https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no07523 Türkiyədə zəlzələ nəticəsində həlak olmuş Azərbaycan Respublikası vətəndaşları barədə mətbuat məlumatı, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, published on 15 February 2023, Retrieved on 15 February 2023
  315. News: 27 February 2023. Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay'daki depremler, Lübnan'da eski binaları gündeme taşıdı. Anadolu Agency. 27 February 2023. Zuhayri'ye göre, başkent Beyrut'ta 10 bin 460 ve Trablusşam'da 4 bin olmak üzere ülke genelinde toplamda 16 bin 200'da hasarlı yapı var.. According to Zuhayri, there are a total of 16,200 damaged buildings across the country, including 10,460 in the capital Beirut and 4,000 in Tripoli..
  316. Web site: 6 February 2023. לאחר רעידות האדמה שהורגשו באשדוד: סדק נגרם לעמוד בבניין מגורים באשדוד – דיירי הבניין פונו (וידאו). ashdodnet.com. he. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002705/https://ashdodnet.com/חדשות-אשדוד/הפסקת-חשמל-נרחבת-בעקבות-קריסת-הפיגומים-באשדוד-530371. live.
  317. News: מגדל משרדים ברמת גן פונה ברעש: "שמשה התנפצה ונפלו רסיסים, הייתה פאניקה". Ynet. Ynet. 6 February 2023. 23 February 2023. he. רובינשטיין. רועי.
  318. Web site: 6 February 2023. el:"Είμαι σε σοκ…" – Ο Νικόλας Ιωαννίδης δείχνει τη ζημιά στο σπίτι του από τον σεισμό. "Eímai se sok…" – O Nikólas Ioannídis deíchnei ti zimiá sto spíti tou apó ton seismó. "I'm in shock..." – Nikolas Ioannidis shows the damage to his house from the earthquake. el. Hello!. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002719/https://cy.hellomagazine.com/celebrity-news/eimai-se-sok-o-nikolas-ioannidis-deichnei-ti-zimia-sto-spiti-tou-apo-ton-seismo/. live.
  319. Web site: 6 February 2023. el:Φωτο: Κατέρρευσε πλίνθινος τοίχος, "έθαψε" οχήματα του Δήμου Λευκωσίας. Foto: Katérrefse plínthinos toíchos, "éthapse" ochímata tou Dímou Lefkosías. Photo: A brick wall collapsed, "burying" Nicosia Municipality vehicles. alphanews.live. el. 6 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002708/https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/foto-katerreyse-plinthinos-toihos-ethapse-ohimata-toy-dimoy-leykosias. live.
  320. News: Cyprus probes dead whales washed up on northern shores, earthquake link possible. 9 March 2023. Reuters. The Straits Times. 11 February 2023.
  321. News: هزات ارتدادية تصل العراق.. وكشف حجم الأضرار. Aftershocks reach Iraq.. and reveal the extent of the damage. Sky News Arabia. 6 February 2023. 11 February 2023. ar.
  322. News: فيديو متداول يظهر حدوث أضرار في قلعة أربيل الأثرية جراء الزلزال الذي ضرب جنوبي تركيا ومناطق من سوريا.. للاطلاع على آخر الأخبار. 6 February 2023. 11 February 2023. Nabd.
  323. News: هزة أرضية "زلزال" شعر بها سكان القاهرة. An earthquake "earthquake" was felt by the residents of Cairo. 11 February 2023. 6 February 2023. Al-Masry Al-Youm.
  324. News: Ragheb. M.. "البحوث الفلكية" تجيب عن الأسئلة الأكثر جدلا بعد زلزال تركيا وسوريا.. هل نحن بعيدون عن الأحزمة الزلزالية الخطرة؟.. وما التوزيع المكانى للنشاط الزلزالى فى مصر؟.. وهل مصر معرضة لحدوث زلزال قوى الفترة المقبلة؟. "Astronomical Research" answers the most controversial questions after the earthquake in Turkey and Syria.. Are we far from dangerous seismic belts?.. What is the spatial distribution of seismic activity in Egypt?.. Is Egypt vulnerable to a strong earthquake in the coming period?". 10 February 2023. 11 February 2023. Youm7. ar.
  325. News: Mounir. J. M.. حقيقة تصدع كورنيش الإسكندرية وشرخ 20 مترًا بسبب زلزال تركيا.. تحرك عاجل من الأجهزة التنفيذية لإصلاح التصدع.. صب طبقة خرسانية وبلوكات 5 أطنان لحماية سور الكورنيش من الأمواج.. والمحافظ يوجه بسرعة الإصلاح.. صور. The fact that the Alexandria Corniche cracked and a 20-meter crack due to the earthquake in Turkey.. Urgent action by the executive bodies to repair the crack.. Pouring a concrete layer and 5-ton blocks to protect the Corniche wall from waves.. And the governor directs the speed of repair.. Photos. 12 February 2023. Youm7. ar. 7 February 2023.
  326. Web site: New powerful earthquakes rock Turkey and Syria. Al Jazeera. 20 February 2023. 20 February 2023.
  327. News: Hatay merkezli depremler: 6 kişi hayatını kaybetti, 562 kişi yaralandı. 21 February 2023. BBC Türkçe. 21 February 2023.
  328. News: Hatay Deprem Vefat Sayisi Son Dakıka: Bakan Soylu duyurdu: Hatay depremi ölü sayısı ve yaralı sayısı kaç oldu, kaç kişi öldü, kaç bina yıkıldı?. Hatay Earthquake Number of Death Last Minute: Minister Soylu announced: What was the number of dead and injured in Hatay earthquake, how many people died, how many buildings were destroyed?. 21 February 2023. Sabah. 21 February 2023. tr.
  329. Web site: 17. gün! Depremde ölü sayısı ne kadar oldu, güncel yaralı sayısı kaç? Hangi ilde kaç bina yıkıldı, kaç kişi öldü?. CNN Türk. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. tr.
  330. News: Hatay depreminde ölü sayısı 3'e yükseldi. Death toll rises to 3 in Hatay earthquake. 20 February 2023. Çağdaş Kocaeli. 20 February 2023. tr.
  331. News: Tsunami alert issued in southern Turkey after 6.4, 5.8, 5.2, 5.2 magnitude quakes. 20 February 2023. Duvar English. 20 February 2023.
  332. News: Bicker. Laura. Slow. Oliver. New Turkey earthquake leaves people trapped under rubble in Hatay. 20 February 2023. BBC News. 20 February 2023.
  333. News: İskenderun'da deprem nedeniyle 3 katlı boş bina yıkıldı. 3-storey empty building collapsed due to earthquake in Iskenderun. 20 February 2023. Anadolu Agency. 20 February 2023.
  334. Web site: المرصد السوري: 5 وفيات جراء الزلزال الجديد في سورية. ar. Emarat Al Youm. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023.
  335. News: Death toll rises to 8 from new Turkey-Syria earthquake. 21 February 2023. Associated Press. 21 February 2023.
  336. News: Fraser. Suzan. 3 dead, more than 200 hurt as new quake hits Turkey, Syria. 20 February 2023. Associated Press. 20 February 2023.
  337. News: Three killed, 213 injured in Turkey border earthquake. 20 February 2023. Roya News. 20 February 2023.
  338. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.2 – 8 km SSE of Yeşilyurt, Turkey. 27 February 2023. United States Geological Survey.
  339. News: Malatya Valisi Şahin: 5.6 büyüklüğündeki deprem, psikolojik olarak insanları yıktı. tr. Hürriyet. 2 March 2023. 2 March 2023.
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  343. News: Adana'da 5.5 büyüklüğünde deprem. 25 July 2023. 25 July 2023. sozcu.com.tr.
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  345. Web site: Depremde dağdan kopan dev kaya eve düştü. 25 July 2023. 25 July 2023. bursahayat.com.tr.
  346. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.3 – eastern Turkey. 10 August 2023. 10 August 2023. United States Geological Survey.
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  348. News: Malatya'da 5.3 Büyüklüğünde Deprem: 1 Bina Yıkıldı, 2 Bina Hasar Gördü. 10 August 2023. 10 August 2023. sondakika.com. tr.
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  350. Web site: Bakan Yerlikaya: "5.9 büyüklüğündeki depremden 249 vatandaş etkilendi". Yeni Mesaj Gazetesi. 17 October 2024. 17 October 2024. tr.
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  369. News: Arnavutluk Türkiye'deki depremler nedeniyle ulusal yas ilan etti. Albania declares national mourning for earthquakes in Turkey. 13 February 2023. Anadolu Agency. 11 February 2023. tr.
  370. News: Kuzey Makedonya'da, Türkiye ve Suriye'deki depremler nedeniyle yas ilan edildi. North Macedonia declared mourning due to earthquakes in Turkey and Syria. 13 February 2023. Anadolu Agency. 13 February 2023. tr.
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  379. Web site: 15 February 2023. Northwest Syria: Aid Delays Deadly for Quake Survivors. 21 February 2023. Human Rights Watch.
  380. News: Nichols. Michelle. 11 February 2023. Frustration at UN ahead of likely row with Russia on Syria aid. Reuters. https://web.archive.org/web/20230211041932/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/frustration-un-ahead-likely-row-with-russia-syria-aid-2023-02-10/. 11 February 2023.
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Sources

Further reading

    • Zhe Jia et al., The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, Mw 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet.Science

External links

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes".

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