2006 United States state legislative elections explained
| Election Name: | 2006 United States state legislative elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 2005 United States state legislative elections |
| Previous Year: | 2005 |
| Next Election: | 2007 United States state legislative elections |
| Next Year: | 2007 |
| Seats For Election: | 88 legislative chambers in 46 states |
| Election Date: | November 7, 2006 |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Map Size: | 320px |
| Map2 Image: | US2006statelowerhouses.svg |
| Map2 Size: | 320px |
| Map2 Caption: | Map of lower house elections:
|
| 1Data1: | 48 |
| 2Data1: | 57 |
| 3Data1: | 9 |
| 1Data2: | 50 |
| 2Data2: | 41 |
| 3Data2: | 9 |
| Party3: | Coalition |
| 1Data3: | 0 |
| 2Data3: | 1 |
| 3Data3: | 1 |
| 1Blank: | Chambers before |
| 2Blank: | Chambers after |
| 3Blank: | Overall change |
| Colour3: | d9b2d9 |
The 2006 United States state legislative elections were held on November 7, 2006, halfway through President George W. Bush's second term in office. This election was a wave elections in the United States election, and saw Democrats simultaneously reclaim both houses of Congress and pick up six governorships. Elections were held for 90 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Kansas, New Mexico, and South Carolina held elections for their lower, but not upper house. Four territorial chambers in three territories and the District of Columbia were up, including the newly created territorial legislature in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Democrats flipped ten legislative chambers. Democrats gained control of the Oregon House of Representatives, the Minnesota House of Representatives, both houses of the Iowa General Assembly, and both houses of the New Hampshire General Court for the first time since 1875, giving them complete legislative control over those states. The Iowa Senate was previously tied. Democrats also won majorities in the Wisconsin Senate, the Michigan House of Representatives, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and the Indiana House of Representatives, turning those legislatures into split bodies.[1] Additionally, a Democratic-led coalition was created in the Alaska Senate, which was previously a Republican majority.[2] Democrats won a majority of state legislative chambers for the first time since 1995.
Conversely, Republicans gained control of the Montana House of Representatives with the lone Constitution Party representative voting for Republican control of that body.
Democrats won a trifecta in Iowa for the first time since 1967, and in New Hampshire since 1875.
Summary table
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 90 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 6,343 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. The chambers not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly-scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.
Note that this table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly-scheduled elections.
Electoral predictions
Early in the election cycle, analysts considered Democrats to have an advantage over Republicans, despite both parties controlling a similar number of competitive legislative chambers. The unpopularity of President George W. Bush, as well as a number of Republican governors, made the party vulnerable to losses in legislatures across the country, with Democrats looking to build on the gains they made in the 2004 elections. In addition to targeting many Republican-held chambers considered imminently vulnerable in 2006, Democrats also sought to make gains in more solidly-Republican chambers, such as the New York State Senate and Ohio House of Representatives, with the hopes of flipping them in 2008.[4] As the cycle progressed, local political factors shifted projections for multiple chambers, usually in the Democrats' favor.[5]
Ratings are designated as follows:
- "Tossup": Competitive, no advantage
- "Lean": Competitive, slight advantage
- "Likely": Not competitive, but opposition could make significant gains
- "Safe": Not competitive at all
| State | Chamber | Lastelection | Rothenberg[6] | Result |
|---|
| Alabama | | Senate | data-sort-value="-71.4" | D 25–10 | | data-sort-value="-65.7" | D 23–12 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 63–42 | | data-sort-value="-59.0" | D 62–43 |
| Alaska | | Senate | data-sort-value="60.0" | R 12–8 | | data-sort-value="-75.0" | Coal. 15–5 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="65.0" | R 26–14 | | data-sort-value="57.5" | R 23–17 |
| Arizona | | Senate | data-sort-value="60.0" | R 18–12 | | data-sort-value="56.7" | R 17–13 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="63.3" | R 38–22 | | data-sort-value="55.0" | R 33–27 |
| Arkansas | | Senate | data-sort-value="-77.1" | D 27–8 | | data-sort-value="-77.1" | D 27–8 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-72.0" | D 72–28 | | data-sort-value="-72.0" | D 72–28 |
| California | | State Senate | data-sort-value="-62.5" | D 25–15 | | data-sort-value="-62.5" | D 25–15 |
|---|
| State Assembly | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 48–32 | | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 48–32 |
| Colorado | | Senate | data-sort-value="-51.4" | D 18–17 | | data-sort-value="-57.1" | D 20–15 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-53.8" | D 35–30 | | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 39–26 |
| Connecticut | | State Senate | data-sort-value="-63.9" | D 24–12 | | data-sort-value="-63.9" | D 24–12 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-65.6" | D 99–52 | | data-sort-value="-70.9" | D 107–44 |
| Delaware | | Senate | data-sort-value="-61.9" | D 13–8 | | data-sort-value="-61.9" | D 13–8 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="63.4" | R 26–15 | | data-sort-value="56.1" | R 23–18 |
| Florida | | Senate | data-sort-value="65.0" | R 26–14 | | data-sort-value="65.0" | R 26–14 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="70.0" | R 84–36 | | data-sort-value="65.0" | R 78–42 |
| Georgia | | State Senate | data-sort-value="60.7" | R 34–22 | | data-sort-value="60.7" | R 34–22 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="55.0" | R 99–80–1 | | data-sort-value="58.9" | R 106–74 |
| Hawaii | | Senate | data-sort-value="-80.0" | D 20–5 | | data-sort-value="-80.0" | D 20–5 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-80.4" | D 41–10 | | data-sort-value="-84.3" | D 43–8 |
| Idaho | | Senate | data-sort-value="80.0" | R 28–7 | | data-sort-value="80.0" | R 28–7 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="81.4" | R 57–13 | | data-sort-value="72.9" | R 51–19 |
| Illinois | | Senate | data-sort-value="-52.5" | D 31–27–1 | | data-sort-value="-62.7" | D 37–22 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-55.1" | D 65–53 | | data-sort-value="-55.9" | D 66–52 |
| Indiana | | Senate | data-sort-value="66.0" | R 33–17 | | data-sort-value="66.0" | R 33–17 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="52.0" | R 52–48 | | data-sort-value="-51.0" | D 51–49 |
| Iowa | | Senate | data-sort-value="0" | 25–25 | | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 30–20 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="51.0" | R 51–49 | | data-sort-value="-54.0" | D 54–46 |
| Kansas | | House of Representatives | data-sort-value="66.4" | R 83–42 | | data-sort-value="62.4" | R 78–47 |
|---|
| Kentucky | | Senate | data-sort-value="59.5" | R 22–15 | | data-sort-value="57.9" | R 21–16–1 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-57.0" | D 57–43 | | data-sort-value="-61.0" | D 61–39 |
| Maine | | Senate | data-sort-value="-51.4" | D 18–17 | | data-sort-value="-51.4" | D 18–17 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-50.3" | D 76–73–1–1 | | data-sort-value="-59.6" | D 90–59–2 |
| Maryland | | Senate | data-sort-value="-70.2" | D 33–14 | | data-sort-value="-70.2" | D 33–14 |
|---|
| House of Delegates | data-sort-value="-69.5" | D 98–43 | | data-sort-value="-73.8" | D 104–37 |
| Massachusetts | | Senate | data-sort-value="-85.0" | D 34–6 | | data-sort-value="-87.5" | D 35–5 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-85.6" | D 137–23 | | data-sort-value="-88.1" | D 141–19 |
| Michigan | | Senate | data-sort-value="57.9" | R 22–16 | | data-sort-value="55.3" | R 21–17 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="52.7" | R 58–52 | | data-sort-value="-52.7" | D 58–52 |
| Minnesota | | Senate | data-sort-value="-52.2" | D 35–31–1 | | data-sort-value="-65.7" | D 44–23 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="50.7" | R 68–66 | | data-sort-value="-63.4" | D 85–49 |
| Missouri | | Senate | data-sort-value="67.6" | R 23–11 | | data-sort-value="61.7" | R 21–13 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="59.5" | R 97–66 | | data-sort-value="56.4" | R 92–71 |
| Montana | | Senate | data-sort-value="-54.0" | D 27–23 | | data-sort-value="-52.0" | D 26–24 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-50.0" | D 50–50 | | data-sort-value="50.0" | R 50–49–1 |
| Nevada | | Senate | data-sort-value="57.1" | R 12–9 | | data-sort-value="52.4" | R 11–10 |
|---|
| Assembly | data-sort-value="-61.9" | D 26–16 | | data-sort-value="-64.3" | D 27–15 |
| New Hampshire | | Senate | data-sort-value="66.7" | R 16–8 | | data-sort-value="-58.3" | D 14–10 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="62.3" | R 249–151 | | data-sort-value="-59.8" | D 239–160–1 |
| New Mexico | | House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 42–28 | | data-sort-value="-60.0" | D 42–28 |
|---|
| New York | | State Senate | data-sort-value="56.5" | R 35–27 | | data-sort-value="52.4" | R 33–29 |
|---|
| State Assembly | data-sort-value="-69.3" | D 104–46 | | data-sort-value="-70.7" | D 106–42–1–1 |
| North Carolina | | Senate | data-sort-value="-58.0" | D 29–21 | | data-sort-value="-62.0" | D 31–19 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-52.5" | D 63–57 | | data-sort-value="-56.7" | D 68–52 |
| North Dakota | | Senate | data-sort-value="68.1" | R 32–15 | | data-sort-value="55.3" | R 26–21 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="71.3" | R 67–27 | | data-sort-value="64.9" | R 61–33 |
| Ohio | | Senate | data-sort-value="66.7" | R 22–11 | | data-sort-value="63.6" | R 21–12 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="61.6" | R 61–38 | | data-sort-value="53.5" | R 53–46 |
| Oklahoma | | Senate | data-sort-value="-54.2" | D 26–22 | | data-sort-value="-50.0" | D 24–24 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="56.4" | R 57–44 | | data-sort-value="56.4" | R 57–44 |
| Oregon | | State Senate | data-sort-value="-56.7" | D 17–13 | | data-sort-value="-63.3" | D 19–11 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="55.0" | R 33–27 | | data-sort-value="-51.7" | D 31–29 |
| Pennsylvania | | State Senate | data-sort-value="60.0" | R 30–20 | | data-sort-value="58.0" | R 29–21 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="54.2" | R 110–93 | | data-sort-value="-50.2" | D 102–101 |
| Rhode Island | | Senate | data-sort-value="-86.8" | D 33–5 | | data-sort-value="-86.8" | D 33–5 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-78.7" | D 59–16 | | data-sort-value="-80.0" | D 60–15 |
| South Carolina | | House of Representatives | data-sort-value="59.7" | R 74–50 | | data-sort-value="58.9" | R 73–51 |
|---|
| South Dakota | | Senate | data-sort-value="71.4" | R 25–10 | | data-sort-value="57.1" | R 20–15 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="71.4" | R 50–20 | | data-sort-value="71.4" | R 50–20 |
| Tennessee | | Senate | data-sort-value="51.5" | R 17–16 | | data-sort-value="51.5" | R 17–16 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-53.5" | D 53–46 | | data-sort-value="-53.5" | D 53–46 |
| Texas | | Senate | data-sort-value="61.3" | R 19–12 | | data-sort-value="64.5" | R 20–11 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="58.0" | R 87–63 | | data-sort-value="54.0" | R 81–69 |
| Utah | | State Senate | data-sort-value="72.4" | R 21–8 | | data-sort-value="72.4" | R 21–8 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="74.7" | R 56–19 | | data-sort-value="73.3" | R 55–20 |
| Vermont | | Senate | data-sort-value="-70.0" | D 21–9 | | data-sort-value="-76.7" | D 23–7 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-55.3" | D 83–60–6–1 | | data-sort-value="-62.0" | D 93–49–6–2 |
| Washington | | State Senate | data-sort-value="-53.1" | D 26–23 | | data-sort-value="-65.3" | D 32–17 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="-56.1" | D 55–43 | | data-sort-value="-62.2" | D 62–36 |
| West Virginia | | Senate | data-sort-value="-61.8" | D 21–13 | | data-sort-value="-67.6" | D 23–11 |
|---|
| House of Delegates | data-sort-value="-68.0" | D 68–32 | | data-sort-value="-72.0" | D 72–28 |
| Wisconsin | | Senate | data-sort-value="57.6" | R 19–14 | | data-sort-value="-54.5" | D 18–15 |
|---|
| State Assembly | data-sort-value="60.6" | R 60–39 | | data-sort-value="52.5" | R 52–47 |
| Wyoming | | Senate | data-sort-value="76.7" | R 23–7 | | data-sort-value="76.7" | R 23–7 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | data-sort-value="76.7" | R 46–14 | | data-sort-value="71.7" | R 43–17 | |
State summaries
Alabama
All of the seats of the Alabama House of Representatives and half of the Alabama Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Alaska
All of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives and half of the Alaska Senate were up for election. A Democratic-led coalition established control of the Senate while Republicans maintained control of the House.
Arizona
See main article: 2006 Arizona Senate election and 2006 Arizona House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Arizona Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Arkansas
All of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives and half of the Arkansas Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
California
See main article: 2006 California State Senate election and 2006 California State Assembly election.
All of the seats of the California House of Representatives and half of the California Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Colorado
All of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives and half of the Colorado Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Connecticut
See main article: 2006 Connecticut State Senate election.
All of the seats of the Connecticut Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Delaware
See main article: article, 2006 Delaware Senate election and 2006 Delaware House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Delaware House of Representatives and half of the Delaware Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate while Republicans maintained control of the House.
Florida
All of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives and half of the Florida Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Georgia
All of the seats of the Georgia Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Hawaii
All of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives and half of the Hawaii Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Idaho
All of the seats of the Idaho Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Illinois
See main article: 2006 Illinois House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives and 2/3rds of the Illinois Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Indiana
All of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives and half of the Indiana Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives.
Iowa
See main article: 2006 Iowa Senate election and 2006 Iowa House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives and half of the Iowa Senate were up for election. Democrats gained control of both state legislative chambers.
Kansas
All of the seats of the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the House.
Kentucky
All of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives and half of the Kentucky Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate and Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Maine
All of the seats of the Maine Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Maryland
See main article: 2006 Maryland Senate election and 2006 Maryland House of Delegates election.
All of the seats of the Maryland General Assembly were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Massachusetts
See main article: 2006 Massachusetts Senate election and 2006 Massachusetts House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Massachusetts Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Michigan
See main article: 2006 Michigan Senate election and 2006 Michigan House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Michigan Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats won control of the House of Representatives.
Minnesota
See main article: 2006 Minnesota Senate election and 2006 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Minnesota Legislature were up. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and won control of the House.
Missouri
All of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives and half of the Missouri Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Montana
See main article: 2006 Montana House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives and half of the Montana Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and Republicans flipped control of the House.
Nebraska
See main article: article.
Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates. Republicans maintained control.
Nevada
All of the seats of the Nevada House of Representatives and half of the Nevada Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the House while Republicans maintained control of the Senate.
New Hampshire
All of the seats of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the New Hampshire Senate were up for election. Democrats gained control of both legislative chambers.
New Mexico
See main article: 2006 New Mexico House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election; Democrats maintained control.
New York
All of the seats of the New York Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats maintained control of the Assembly.
North Carolina
See main article: 2006 North Carolina Senate election and 2006 North Carolina House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the North Carolina House of Representatives and half of the North Carolina Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
North Dakota
All of the seats of the North Dakota House of Representatives and half of the North Dakota Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Ohio
All of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives and half of the Ohio Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.
Oklahoma
See main article: 2006 Oklahoma Senate election.
All of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives and half of the Oklahoma Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained effective control of the newly tied Senate with the Lieutenant Governor's tie-breaking vote, although both parties elected a co-president of the Senate. Republicans maintained control of the House.
Oregon
All of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives and half of the Oregon Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and won control of the House.
Pennsylvania
See main article: 2006 Pennsylvania Senate election and 2006 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and half of the Pennsylvania Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats won control of the House of Representatives.
Rhode Island
All of the seats of the Rhode Island Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
South Carolina
All of the seats of the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both the House.
South Dakota
All of the seats of the South Dakota Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Tennessee
See main article: 2006 Tennessee House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives and half of the Tennessee Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats maintained control of the House.
Texas
See main article: 2006 Texas Senate election and 2006 Texas House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives and half of the Texas Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Utah
All of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives and half of the Utah Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Vermont
All of the seats of the Vermont Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Washington
See main article: 2006 Washington State Senate election and 2006 Washington House of Representatives election.
All of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives and half of the Washington Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both legislative chambers.
West Virginia
See main article: 2006 West Virginia Senate election.
All of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates and half of the West Virginia Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Wisconsin
All of the seats of the Wisconsin Assembly and half of the Wisconsin Senate were up for election. Democrats won control of the Senate while Republicans maintained control of the Assembly.
Wyoming
All of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives and half of the Wyoming Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Territorial and federal district summaries
American Samoa
All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.
Guam
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Republicans retained control of the legislature.
U.S. Virgin Islands
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats won control of the newly created legislature.
Washington, D.C.
The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats are up for election. Council members serve four-year terms. Democrats retained supermajority control of the council.
| +colspan=5 | District of Columbia Council |
| Party | Before | After | Change |
|---|
| Democratic | | 11 | | 11 | |
|---|
| Republican | 1 | 1 | |
|---|
| Independent | 1 | 1 | |
|---|
| Total | 13 | 13 | | |
Notes and References
- Web site: December 29, 2006 . Elections Bring Blue Wave and New Plans to Statehouses . 2023-03-03 . www.pewtrusts.org . en.
- News: Demer . Lisa . November 29, 2006 . Bipartisan gang takes over Alaska state Senate: COMMITTEES: As other six watch, 14 senators divvy up leadership jobs for next year. . 1 . Anchorage Daily News . March 2, 2023.
- Web site: 2020 Legislative Races by State and Legislative Chamber . National Conference of State Legislatures.
- Jacobson . Louis . July 7, 2006 . Handicapping the State Legislatures: A 50-State Status Report . The Rothenberg Political Report . 29 . 14 . 1–9 . https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/EH6LU0 . August 24, 2020 . Harvard Dataverse.
- Web site: Jacobson . Louis . October 4, 2006 . State Legislative Races Outlook . 2024-08-19 . www.insideelections.com . en.
- Web site: Jacobson . Louis . November 4, 2006 . State Legislature Ratings . 2024-08-19 . www.insideelections.com . en.
