1993 in animation explained
Events in 1993 in animation.
Events
January
February
March
- March 8: The first episode of Beavis and Butt-Head is broadcast.
- March 16: The first episode of Albert the 5th Musketeer is broadcast.
- March 29: 65th Academy Awards:
May
- May 28: Filmation's final project, Happily Ever After, finally releases after the four year hiatus due to distribution problems after Filmation's closure.[3] The film was poorly received for its limited creativity and animation quality, and gained some notoriety for having African American singer Irene Cara to take the voicing role as the titular character.[4]
June
September
- September 5: The first episode of 2 Stupid Dogs airs.
- September 6: The first episode of Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog airs. It was originally planned to be a Saturday morning series, but got rejected by ABC and became a weekday series for syndication instead.[5]
- September 13: The first episode of Animaniacs airs.
- September 18:
- The first episodes of Biker Mice from Mars and Rocko's Modern Life [6] air.
- The first episode of Sonic the Hedgehog airs. It gained a cult following and is acclaimed for its unexpected storylines in a Saturday morning cartoon of its time.[7]
- September 23: The Thief and the Cobbler by Richard Williams is released after being in production for a record-breaking 30 years. Unfortunately, it was not well-received due to the changes made after Williams lost all rights of the film in 1992.[8] It would not be released in the US until 1995 when Miramax Films retains its distribution rights while editing the film further, which became a critical failure and is since regarded to be an insult to Richard Williams.[9]
October
- October 10: A five-year-old boy, Austin Matthews, sets fire to his mother's mobile home in Moraine, Ohio, killing his two-year-old sister Jessica. The mother claims that her son got the idea from watching Beavis and Butt-Head.[10] Although it is later revealed that the family did not have cable television and thus could not watch the show, the controversy led to Beavis and Butt-Head being rescheduled to air later in the evenings and be edited to remove all references to fire.[11]
- October 21: During a U.S. Senate hearing, chairman of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee Ernest Fritz Hollings, argues that TV broadcasters have to be pressured to curb violent or otherwise offensive shows, making direct reference to Beavis and Butt-Head. However, he is ridiculed for mispronouncing the characters' names as Buffcoat and Beaver and admitting that he had never watched the show.[12]
- October 29: Henry Selick's The Nightmare Before Christmas is released. It becomes a cult classic and an unexpected phenomenon on every Halloween.[13]
November
December
Specific date unknown
Films released
See main article: List of animated feature films of 1993.
- January 1 - Columbus's Great Adventures (Japan)
- January 16 - Special Gag Force Robot Twins (South Korea)
- January 22 - Offside (Japan)
- January 25 - Al Caral's Legacy (Japan)
- February 10 - The 1001 Gags of Spiff and Hercules (France)
- February 24 - (Japan)
- March 6:
- March 12 - Opera Imaginaire (France)
- March 13 - Mobile Suit SD Gundam Festival (Japan)
- March 18 - Sangokushi (dai 2-bu): Chōkō Moyu! (Japan)
- April 25 - Desert Rose ~ The Snow Apocalypse (Japan)
- May 5 - Ocean Waves (Japan)
- June 5 - Ninja Scroll (Japan)
- June 18 - Once Upon a Forest (United States and United Kingdom)
- July 10:
- July 17 - Soreike! Anpanman Kyōryū Nosshī no Daibōken (Japan)
- July 23:
- Lupin III: Voyage to Danger (Japan)
- Mellow (Japan)
- July 24:
- (Japan)
- Rokudenashi Blues 1993 (Japan)
- July 31 - (Japan)
- August 7 - (Japan)
- August 14 - Tama of 3rd Street: Please! Search for Momo-chan!! (Japan)
- August 27 - The Gigolo - Dochinpira (Japan)
- September 23 - The Thief and the Cobbler (United States, United Kingdom, and Canada)
- September 24 - Mermaid's Scar (Japan)
- September 25:
- October 2 - The Halloween Tree (United States)
- October 29 - The Nightmare Before Christmas (United States)
- November 13 - Bonobono (Japan)
- November 24 - We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (United States)
- December 3 - Oishinbo: Nichibei Kome Sensō (Japan)
- December 5 - (Japan)
- December 10:
- December 18:
- Blue Memory: Manmo Pioneers and Boys (Japan)
- Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Overture to a New War (Japan)
- December 19 - (Japan)
- December 23 - Art of Fighting (Japan)
- December 25 - (United States)
- December 26 - E.Y.E.S. of Mars (Japan)
- December 29 - Street Fighter (South Korea)
- Specific date unknown:
- The Cat's Mill (Latvia)
- The Fantastic Voyages of Sinbad (Australia)
- The History of the Wonderful World (Denmark)
- Mafalda (Cuba and Spain)
- Puss in Boots (Australia)
- Thumbelina (Australia)
Television series debuts
See main article: List of animated television series of 1993.
Television series endings
Births
January
- January 1: Xavier Pritchett, American former child actor (voice of the title character in Little Bill).
- January 4: Aaryn Doyle, Canadian actress (voice of Foo in The Save-Ums!, Pansy in Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends).
- January 18: Mitra Jouhari, American comedian, actress, and writer (voice of Sorority Girl #1 in Big Mouth, Nurse Denise in Ten Year Old Tom, Saltine in Digman!, Cleopatra in Clone High (2023), Waiter in the Human Resources episode "International Creature Convention").
February
- February 6: Tinashe, American singer and actress (portrayed Robin Wheeler in Out of Jimmy's Head, voice of Leilani Makani in the Rocket Power episode "Island of the Menhune", On Ji in the episode "The Headband").[19]
March
April
May
- May 10: Spencer Fox, American musician, singer, and former child actor (voice of Dash Parr in The Incredibles, Jim and Tim Possible in season 4 of Kim Possible).
- May 14: Miranda Cosgrove, American actress (voice of Margo in the Despicable Me franchise, Kon Suay in Khan Kluay, Samantha in A Mouse Tale, Miranda Wright in the What's New, Scooby-Doo? episode "A Terrifying Round with a Menacing Metallic Clown", Sarah in the episode "Morpholomew").[21]
June
July
August
- August 1: Leon Thomas III, American actor (singing voice of Tyrone in seasons 2 and 3 of The Backyardigans).[23]
- August 11: Alyson Stoner, American actress (voice of Isabella Garcia-Shapiro in Phineas and Ferb, Sam Sharp in The Loud House, Destructress in Hamster & Gretel, Florina in , Opal in The Legend of Korra, Batgirl in Young Justice).
- August 16: Cameron Monaghan, American actor (voice of Superboy in Reign of the Supermen, Poi and Ping in the episode "The Fortuneteller", Andy in the Shorty McShorts' Shorts episode "Flip Flopped").[24]
- August 24: Aoi Koga, Japanese voice actress (voice of Sora Kaneshiro in Angel's 3Piece!, Yuri Miyata in Two Car, Kaguya Shinomiya in , Shoko Komi in Komi Can't Communicate).
- August 26: Keke Palmer, American actress (voice of Peaches in the Ice Age franchise, Aisha in Winx Club, Izzy Hawthorne in Lightyear, Rochelle Hillhurst in Big Mouth and Human Resources, Maya Leibowitz-Jenkins in , Brandi in The Cleveland Show episode "Harder, Better, Faster, Browner", Pam in the Family Guy episode "Baby Got Black", Stylee in the Bubble Guppies episode "Guppy Style!", Fraülen Hapstein in the Robot Chicken episode "Musya Shakhtyorov in: Honeyboogers").
- August 28: Sora Amamiya, Japanese voice actress, singer and YouTuber (voice of Elizabeth Liones in The Seven Deadly Sins, Touka Kirishima in Tokyo Ghoul, Asseylum Vers Allusia in Aldnoah.Zero, Chizuru Mizuhara in Rent-A-Girlfriend, Akame in Akame ga Kill!, Aqua in KonoSuba, Isla in Plastic Memories, Mayuri in , Hitomi Uzaki in Killing Bites, Miia in Monster Musume, Ayame Himuro in Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It, Miko Yotsuya in Mieruko-chan).
- August 29: Liam Payne, British singer (voice of B-Bot in Ron's Gone Wrong, himself in the Family Guy episode "Run, Chris, Run"), (d. 2024).[25] [26] [27]
September
- September 7: Taylor Gray, American actor (voice of Ezra Bridger in Star Wars Rebels).
- September 15: James Street, American child actor (second voice of Huckleberry Pie in Strawberry Shortcake), (d. 2007).
- September 16: Tayla Parx, American singer, songwriter, and actress (voice of Victor Stone in ).
- September 18: Taran Kootenhayoo, Canadian actor (voice of Randall and Totem Raiser in Molly of Denali), (d. 2020).[28]
- September 25: Zach Tyler Eisen, American former actor (voice of Aang in , Pablo in season 1 of The Backyardigans, Andrew Mulligan in Little Bill, Lucas in The Ant Bully, Baby Red Fish in the Dora the Explorer episode "Fish Out of Water").
October
- October 8: Molly Quinn, American actress (voice of Bloom in Winx Club, Supergirl in , Eunice in ).
- October 25: Zeno Robinson, American voice actor (voice of Alan Albright in the Ben 10 franchise, Hunter in The Owl House, the Green Poncho in Craig of the Creek, Remy Remington in Big City Greens, Cyborg and Steel in Young Justice, Nino Lahiffe and Max Kanté in , Randy Robertson in Spider-Man, young King Andrias in the Amphibia episode "The Core & the King").
November
December
- December 3: AnnaSophia Robb, American actress (voice of Tambi in Khumba, Dani Fenton in the Danny Phantom episode "Kindred Spirits", Yasmin in the Robot Chicken episode "Catdog on a Stick").[32]
- December 17: Kiersey Clemons, American actor (voice of Dee Dee Skyes in Scoob!, Victoria in Michael Jackson's Halloween, Derica in Fairfax, Eliza in Praise Petey).
- December 19: Nik Dodani, American actor, writer, and comedian (voice of Randy Betancourt in Big Nate, Kardez in Strange World, Gavin in The Owl House episode "Through the Looking Glass Ruins").
- December 22: Meghan Trainor, American singer and songwriter (voice of Smurfmelody in , Fairy Godmother in , guest starred in the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "SpongeBob's Appreciation Day!").
- December 27: Olivia Cooke, English actress (voice of Georgia Nolan in Fireheart, Loch Ness Monster in the Axe Cop episode "Night Mission: The Extincter").
- December 28: Broti Gupta, Indian-American podcaster, television writer, and producer (The Simpsons).
Deaths
February
- February 7: Nic Broca, Belgian animator and comics artist (Ovide and the Gang, The Snorks), dies at age 60.[33]
- February 9: Jacques Verbeek, Dutch animator and comics artist (made animated films with Karin Wiertz), dies at age 46.[34]
- February 21: Harvey Kurtzman, American comics artist, writer, publisher and animation scriptwriter (scripted Mad Monster Party? and animated shorts for Sesame Street), dies at age 68.[35]
March
- March 3: Bill Draut, American comics artist and animator (G.I. Joe), dies at age 71.[36]
- March 10: Vladimir Suteev, Russian children's writer, artist, animator, film director, screenwriter (China in Flames, Petya and Little Red Riding Hood, The Magic Store), dies at age 89.[37]
- March 14: Larz Bourne, American animation writer (Famous Studios, Gene Deitch, Hanna-Barbera, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Terrytoons), dies at age 77.[38] [39]
April
- April 1: Jerry Hausner, American actor (voice of Waldo in Mr. Magoo, Hemlock Holmes, The Mole, Broodles and Itchy in The Dick Tracy Show), dies at age 83.[40] [41]
- April 19: Lee Blair, American artist (Walt Disney Animation Studios), dies at age 81.[42]
- April 20:
- Cantinflas, Mexican comedian, actor and filmmaker (voice of Amigo in Amigo and Friends), dies from lung cancer at age 81.[43]
- Charles Degotte, Belgian comics artist and animator (Dupuis), commits suicide at age 59.[44]
May
- May 3: Hermína Týrlová, Czech animator, film director, and screenwriter, (directed Tajemství Lucerny (The Lantern's Secret) and Ferda Mravenec (Fernando the Ant), dies at age 93.[45] [46]
- Specific date unknown: Renaud Mader, aka Mad, French comics artist and animator (Gaumont, Walt Disney Animation), dies at age 26.[47]
June
July
- July 2: Dmitry Nalbandyan, Armenian animator and painter, dies at age 86.[49]
- July 4: Roman Abelevich Kachanov, Russian animator (Cheburashka), dies at age 72.[50]
- July 11: Mary Moder, American voice actress (voice of Fiddler Pig in Disney's Three Little Pigs shorts), dies at age 87.
- July 21: Robert Glass, American sound engineer (The Simpsons), was stabbed to death at age 53.[51]
- July 26: Marcellite Garner, American voice actress (voiced Minnie Mouse in several cartoons), dies at age 83.
August
September
- September 9: David Tendlar, American animator and comics artist (Fleischer Studios, Famous Studios, Terrytoons, Hanna-Barbera), dies at age 84.[53]
- September 10: Cal Howard, American animator, cartoon writer (Walter Lantz, Walt Disney Company, Fleischer Brothers, Ub Iwerks, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Screen Gems) and voice actor (voice of Gabby Goat in Get Rich Quick Porky, Prince David in Gulliver's Travels), dies at age 82.
- September 30: Carlo Vinci, American comics artist and animator (Van Beuren Studios, Terrytoons, MGM, Walt Disney Company, Hanna-Barbera), dies at age 87.[54] [55] [56]
October
- October 13: Otmar Gutmann, German TV producer, animator and director (creator of Pingu), dies from cancer at age 56.[57]
- October 16: Bonnie Poe, American voice actress (continued voice of Betty Boop), dies at age 81.[58]
- October 25: Vincent Price, American actor (voice of January Q. Irontail in Here Comes Peter Cottontail, narrator in Vincent, Vincent Van Ghoul in The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo, Ratigan in The Great Mouse Detective, Edgar Allan Poe in Tiny Toon Adventures, Zigzag in The Thief and the Cobbler), dies at age 82.[59]
November
December
- December 4: Frank Zappa, American rock artist and composer (voice of the Pope in The Ren & Stimpy Show episode "Powdered Toast Man", created background music for the first season of Duckman), dies from cancer at age 52.[61] [62] [63]
- December 10: Roland Davies, English comics artist, animator, animation producer and painter (Roland Davies Films Ltd., animated cartoons based on Come On, Steve), dies at age 89.[64] [65] [66]
- December 13: Ken Anderson, American art director and writer (Walt Disney Animation Studios), dies at age 84.[67]
- December 25: Ann Ronell, American composer and lyricist (co-wrote Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf), dies at age 88.
- December 30: Mack David, American lyricist and songwriter (Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, The Bugs Bunny Show), dies at age 81.[68]
Specific date unknown
See also
External links
Notes and References
- News: Pebbles, Bamm-Bamm Plan Stone Age Wedding in Bedrock . LA Times. 1993-02-06. October 21, 2023 . Charles . Solomon.
- News: The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners . October 22, 2011 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220926/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993 . November 9, 2014.
- Web site: Snow White through the years - Timelines - Los Angeles Times. 30 March 2012 . Timelines.latimes.com.s3-website-us-west-1.amazonaws.com. November 25, 2023.
- Book: Lou Scheimer: Creating the Filmation Generation. Scheimer. Lou. Mangels. Andy. 2012. TwoMorrows Publishing. 9781605490441. en.
- Web site: How Sonic scored two different animated series at the same time . February 18, 2020 . Polygon . November 25, 2023 . March 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200312042057/https://www.polygon.com/2020/2/18/21140375/sonic-90s-cartoons-streaming-satam-jaleel-white-adventures-of-sonic . live .
- Web site: Joe Murray. lambiek.net. May 7, 2023.
- Web site: Lee. Patrick. A hedgehog for all seasons: Our guide to 20 manic years of Sonic cartoons. The A.V. Club. 30 September 2015. October 1, 2023. November 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211130220338/https://www.avclub.com/a-hedgehog-for-all-seasons-our-guide-to-20-manic-years-1798284993. live.
- News: Now Showing. May 20, 2024. Manila Standard. Kamahalan Publishing Corporation. April 23, 1994. 20.
- McCracken. Harry. 1995. The Theft of the Thief. FPS Magazine.
- News: Cartoon On MTV Blamed For Fire. October 10, 1993. The New York Times. October 29, 2010. The Associated Press.
- Web site: "Heh-Heh-Heh... Heh-heh-heh... you said heh-heh-heh... Gobblin'...". Joost. Wesley. Goblin Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/19990209193025/http://www.sonic.net/%7Egoblin/9beavis.html. February 9, 1999. dead.
- News: On Senate TV: 'Buffcoat and Beaver?'. Los Angeles Times. October 21, 1993.
- Web site: The Nightmare Before Christmas Reviews . . . November 1, 2023.
- News: Boomerang Has Wilma-Thon for Mom's Day . Animation Magazine. October 21, 2023.
- Web site: U.S. National Film Registry – Titles. Carnegie Mellon University. July 22, 2009.
- Web site: Complete National Film Registry Listing . Library of Congress. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Kidscreen Summit 2021 - Rita Street. summit.kidscreen.com. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Women in the Animation Industry - Some Thoughts . 1996 . December 16, 2015 . Animation World Network . Simensky . Linda.
- Web site: Tinashe Biography & History . July 10, 2023 . AllMusic . en.
- Web site: Hadel . Zach . January 31, 2022 . PsychicPebbles & Michael Cusack Talk Smiling Friends . July 10, 2023 . YouTube.
- Web site: Miranda Cosgrove Biography, Songs, & Albums . 2023-07-10 . AllMusic . en.
- Web site: Gillies . Elizabeth . July 25, 2011 . Elizabeth Gillies on Twitter: "Enjoying the last few hours of my childhood! Tomorrow I am a legal adult!" . June 28, 2023 . Twitter . en.
- News: Navarro . Mireya . September 23, 2007 . When Childhood Is a Tough Role . en-US . The New York Times . July 10, 2023 .
- Web site: Deskryptory Biblioteki Narodowej . 2023-05-23 . dbn.bn.org.pl.
- Web site: Liam Payne, Zach Galifianakis and the creators of Ron's Gone Wrong speak to Sky News' Backstage podcast . 2024-10-16 . Sky News . en.
- Web site: Kreps . Daniel . 2016-05-14 . Watch One Direction's 'Family Guy' Appearance . 2024-10-16 . Rolling Stone . en-US.
- Web site: 2024-10-16 . Liam Payne, former One Direction member, dies at 31 in Argentina hotel fall . 2024-10-16 . AP News . en.
- Web site: Vlessing . Etan . Taran Kootenhayoo, Canadian Indigenous Actor, Dies at 27 . The Hollywood Reporter . January 4, 2021 . April 26, 2022.
- Web site: Gardner. Chris. Jak Knight, Stand-Up Comedian, Writer and Actor, Dies at 28. The Hollywood Reporter. July 15, 2022.
- Web site: Comedian Jak Knight's Cause of Death Confirmed by Coroner After Bust Down Star Found Dead at 28. White. Chelsea. July 18, 2022. People Magazine. www.people.com. July 18, 2022.
- Web site: Young Hollywood Recalls Jak Knight As Brilliant Comedian And Singular Talent. Haring. Bruce. July 15, 2022. Deadline. Deadline Hollywood. July 18, 2022.
- Web site: Robb, AnnaSophia 1993– Encyclopedia.com . 2023-08-29 . www.encyclopedia.com.
- Web site: Nic Broca. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Jacques Verbeek. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Harvey Kurtzman. lambiek.net.
- Web site: Bill Draut. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Аниматор.ру | Новости | 20 июля на телеканале "Культура" в 15:05 можно будет ув.... www.animator.ru. August 2, 2020.
- Book: Arnold, Mark. The Best of the Harveyville Fun Times!. 361. 2006. 1-84728-368-3.
- News: Larz E. Bourne, 77; Drew Deputy Dawg. The New York Times. March 19, 1993.
- Web site: Jerry Hausner. Variety. April 5, 1993. June 6, 2012.
- Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 25047-25048). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
- Web site: Lee Blair . Olympedia . 26 July 2020.
- Web site: Recuerdan a 'Cantinflas' en el Panteón Español. 2022-06-02. es . Cantinflas remembered at the Spanish Cemetery.
- Web site: Charles Degotte. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Hermína Týrlová. GREAT WOMEN ANIMATORS. 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160325180454/http://greatwomenanimators.com/2014/10/hermina-tyrlova/. 2016-03-25. dead . mdy-all.
- Web site: Hermína Týrlová GREAT WOMEN ANIMATORS. greatwomenanimators.com. 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160325180454/http://greatwomenanimators.com/2014/10/hermina-tyrlova/. 2016-03-25. dead.
- Web site: Mad. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Arturo Moreno. lambiek.net.
- Web site: Налбандян Дмитрий Аркадьевич — Энциклопедия фонда «Хайазг» . 2024-08-20 . ru.hayazg.info.
- Web site: Russian animation in letters and figures | People | Kachanov Roman A.. www.animator.ru. August 2, 2020.
- https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/24/obituaries/robert-glass-movie-sound-producer-53.html Robert Glass, Movie Sound Producer, 53
- Book: Gmür. Leonhard. Rex Ingram: Hollywood's Rebel of the Silver Screen. 2013. epubli. 9783844246018. 182. July 23, 2017. en.
- Web site: David Tendlar. lambiek.net. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Biography: Carlo Vinci. Nov 3, 2010. August 2, 2020.
- Animation Resources biography, http://animationresources.org/?p=4271
- My Life in 'Toons, Joe Barbera, Turner Publishing, 1994
- Web site: Obituary: Otmar Gutmann. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-otmar-gutmann-1512111.html . May 1, 2022 . subscription . live. SILVIO MAZZOLA. October 20, 1993. The Independent.
- Web site: Bonnie Poe (visual voices guide) - Behind The Voice Actors. May 7, 2023.
- News: Peter B. Flint. Vincent Price, Noted Actor Of Dark Roles, Dies at 82. Vincent Price, the suavely menacing star of countless low-budget but often stylish Gothic horror films, died at his home in Los Angeles on Monday. He was 82 years old and died of lung cancer, a personal assistant, Reggie Williams, said. .... The New York Times. October 27, 1993. October 27, 2014.
- News: 1993-11-30 . Evelyn Venable, 80, Film Actress in 30's . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-05-12 . 0362-4331.
- Book: Miles, Barry. Frank Zappa. Atlantic Books. London. 2004. 978-1-84354-092-2.
- Book: Watson, Ben. Frank Zappa. The Complete Guide to His Music. 2005. Omnibus Press. London. 978-1-84449-865-9.
- Book: Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story of Frank Zappa. 2nd. Neil. Slaven. Music Sales Group. 2003. 978-0-7119-9436-2.
- Web site: Roland Davies . lambiek.net . Comic shop Lambiek . 25 November 2019 . en.
- News: Gifford . Denis . Obituary: Roland Davies . The Independent . 16 December 1993 . 1993 . en.
- COMPANIES ACT, 1929. . The London Gazette . 1939 . 21 March 1939 . 1938 .
- Web site: Ken Anderson. D23. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: Mack David – Broadway Cast & Staff . IBDB. August 2, 2020.
- Web site: NGUYỄN XUÂN KHOÁT (1910-1994). tranquanghai.info. https://web.archive.org/web/20121117121055/http://tranquanghai.info/p631-nguyen-xuan-khoat-%281910-1994%29-tieu-su.html . 2012-11-17 . mdy-all.
