| Country: | Iceland |
| Previous Election: | 1974 |
| Election Date: | 25 June 1978 |
| Next Election: | 1979 |
| Seats For Election: | All 40 seats in the Lower House and 20 seats in the Upper House of Althing |
| Turnout: | 90.27% |
| Heading1: | Upper House |
| Heading6: | Lower House |
| Leader1: | Geir Hallgrímsson |
| Leader6: | Geir Hallgrímsson |
| Party1: | Independence Party (Iceland) |
| Party6: | Independence Party (Iceland) |
| Last Election1: | 8 |
| Last Election6: | 17 |
| Seats1: | 6 |
| Seats6: | 14 |
| Percentage1: | 32.72 |
| Percentage6: | 32.72 |
| Leader2: | Lúdvik Jósepsson |
| Leader7: | Lúdvik Jósepsson |
| Party2: | People's Alliance (Iceland) |
| Party7: | People's Alliance (Iceland) |
| Last Election2: | 4 |
| Last Election7: | 7 |
| Seats2: | 5 |
| Seats7: | 9 |
| Percentage2: | 22.87 |
| Percentage7: | 22.87 |
| Leader3: | Benedikt Gröndal |
| Leader8: | Benedikt Gröndal |
| Party3: | Social Democratic Party (Iceland) |
| Party8: | Social Democratic Party (Iceland) |
| Last Election3: | 2 |
| Last Election8: | 3 |
| Seats3: | 5 |
| Seats8: | 9 |
| Percentage3: | 22.02 |
| Percentage8: | 22.02 |
| Leader4: | Ólafur Jóhannesson |
| Leader9: | Ólafur Jóhannesson |
| Party4: | Progressive Party (Iceland) |
| Party9: | Progressive Party (Iceland) |
| Last Election4: | 6 |
| Last Election9: | 11 |
| Seats4: | 4 |
| Seats9: | 8 |
| Percentage4: | 16.90 |
| Percentage9: | 16.90 |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Party: | Independence Party (Iceland) |
| After Party: | Progressive Party (Iceland) |
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 25 June 1978.[1] The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 14 of the 40 seats.[2] Following the election a coalition was formed between the People's Alliance, Social Democratic Party and the Progressive Party with Ólafur Jóhannesson as Prime Minister.