| Previous Election: | 1959 |
| Next Election: | 1965 |
| Election Date: | 15 August 1961 |
| Turnout: | 81.57% (0.03 pp) |
| Country: | Israel |
| Party1: | Mapai |
| Leader1: | David Ben-Gurion |
| Seats1: | 42 |
| Last Election1: | 47 |
| Percentage1: | 34.69 |
| Party2: | Herut |
| Leader2: | Menachem Begin |
| Seats2: | 17 |
| Last Election2: | 17 |
| Percentage2: | 13.76 |
| Party3: | Israeli Liberal Party |
| Leader3: | Pinchas Rosen |
| Seats3: | 17 |
| Last Election3: | 14 |
| Percentage3: | 13.63 |
| Party4: | National Religious Party |
| Seats4: | 12 |
| Last Election4: | 12 |
| Percentage4: | 9.81 |
| Party5: | Mapam |
| Leader5: | Meir Ya'ari |
| Seats5: | 9 |
| Last Election5: | 9 |
| Percentage5: | 7.51 |
| Party6: | Ahdut HaAvoda |
| Leader6: | Yisrael Galili |
| Seats6: | 8 |
| Last Election6: | 7 |
| Votes6: | 66,170 |
| Percentage6: | 6.57 |
| Party7: | Maki (historical political party) |
| Leader7: | Shmuel Mikunis |
| Seats7: | 5 |
| Last Election7: | 3 |
| Percentage7: | 4.18 |
| Party8: | Agudat Yisrael |
| Leader8: | Yitzhak-Meir Levin |
| Seats8: | 4 |
| Percentage8: | 3.69 |
| Party9: | Poalei Agudat Yisrael |
| Leader9: | Kalman Kahana |
| Seats9: | 2 |
| Votes9: | 19,428 |
| Percentage9: | 1.93 |
| Party10: | Cooperation and Brotherhood |
| Leader10: | Diyab Obeid |
| Seats10: | 2 |
| Last Election10: | 2 |
| Percentage10: | 1.92 |
| Party11: | Progress and Development |
| Leader11: | Ahmed A-Dahar |
| Seats11: | 2 |
| Last Election11: | 2 |
| Percentage11: | 1.59 |
| Before Election: | David Ben-Gurion |
| Before Party: | Mapai |
| After Election: | David Ben-Gurion |
| After Party: | Mapai |
| Prime Minister | |
Elections for the fifth Knesset were held in Israel on 15 August 1961. Voter turnout was 81.6%.[1]
See main article: List of political parties in Israel. The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 4th Knesset.
| Name | Ideology | Symbol | Leader | 1959 result | Seats at 1964 dissolution | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||
| Mapai | Social democracy Labor Zionism | David Ben-Gurion | 38.2% | |||||
| Herut | Revisionist Zionism | Menachem Begin | 13.5% | |||||
| Liberal Party | Liberalism | Pinchas Rosen Peretz Bernstein | style="text-align:center;" rowspan=1 | - | ||||
| National Religious Party | Religious Zionism | Haim-Moshe Shapira | 9.9% | |||||
| Mapam | Labor Zionism Socialism | Meir Ya'ari | 7.2% | |||||
| General Zionists | Liberalism | Yosef Sapir | 6.2% | |||||
| Ahdut HaAvoda | Labor Zionism | Yisrael Galili | 6.0% | |||||
| Agudat Yisrael | Religious conservatism | Yitzhak-Meir Levin | 4.7% | |||||
| Poalei Agudat Yisrael | Religious conservatism | Kalman Kahana | ||||||
| Progressive Party | Liberalism Progressivism | Pinchas Rosen | 4.6% | |||||
| Maki | Communism | Shmuel Mikunis | 2.8% | |||||
| Progress and Development | Arab satellite list | Ahmed A-Dahar | 1.3% | |||||
| Cooperation and Brotherhood | Arab satellite list | Labib Hussein Abu Rokan | 1.1% | |||||
| Agriculture and Development | Arab satellite list | Mahmud Al-Nashaf | 1.1% | |||||
See also: List of members of the fifth Knesset.
During the Knesset term, eight MKs broke away from Mapai to establish Rafi and two MKs left Maki to establish Rakah. Herut and the Liberal Party merged to form Gahal. Seven Liberal Party members unhappy with the decision (largely former Progressive Party members) broke away to form the Independent Liberals.
See main article: Tenth government of Israel. The fifth Knesset started with David Ben-Gurion's Mapai party forming the tenth government on 2 November 1961. His coalition included the National Religious Party, Ahdut HaAvoda, Agudat Israel Workers, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Progress and Development, and had 13 ministers. Kadish Luz of Mapai was appointed Knesset Speaker. The government collapsed when Ben-Gurion resigned on 16 June 1963 citing personal reasons, but in reality was annoyed at a perceived lack of support from his colleagues. He later broke away from Mapai with several colleagues to form Rafi.
See main article: Eleventh government of Israel. Levi Eshkol took over Mapai and formed the eleventh government on 26 June 1963 with the same coalition partners as previously, but one more minister. The government resigned on 10 December 1964 when Ben-Gurion demanded that members of the Supreme Court investigate the Lavon Affair.
See main article: Twelfth government of Israel. Eshkol formed the twelfth government a week later on 22 December 1964 with the same coalition partners and ministers as previously.
The fifth Knesset was notable for the coalescing of the two major right-wing parties (Herut and the Liberal Party) to form an electoral block (Gahal) capable of threatening Mapai's hegemony in Israeli politics. Gahal, which by then had become Likud, finally overtook Mapai (which had merged into the Alignment) in the 1977 elections.