| Country: | Israel |
| Election Name: | Elections for the 4th Knesset |
| Previous Election: | 1955 |
| Next Election: | 1961 |
| Seats For Election: | All 120 seats in the Knesset |
| Majority Seats: | 61 |
| Turnout: | 81.6% (1.2 pp) |
| Election Date: | 3 November 1959 |
| Party1: | Mapai |
| Leader1: | David Ben-Gurion |
| Seats1: | 47 |
| Last Election1: | 40 |
| Votes1: | 370,585 |
| Percentage1: | 38.2 |
| Party2: | Herut |
| Leader2: | Menachem Begin |
| Seats2: | 17 |
| Last Election2: | 15 |
| Votes2: | 130,515 |
| Percentage2: | 13.5 |
| Party3: | National Religious Party |
| Seats3: | 12 |
| Last Election3: | 11 |
| Votes3: | 95,581 |
| Percentage3: | 9.9 |
| Party4: | Mapam |
| Leader4: | Meir Ya'ari |
| Seats4: | 9 |
| Last Election4: | 9 |
| Votes4: | 69,468 |
| Percentage4: | 7.2 |
| Party5: | General Zionists |
| Leader5: | Yosef Sapir |
| Seats5: | 8 |
| Last Election5: | 13 |
| Votes5: | 59,700 |
| Percentage5: | 6.2 |
| Party6: | Ahdut HaAvoda |
| Leader6: | Yisrael Galili |
| Seats6: | 7 |
| Last Election6: | 10 |
| Votes6: | 58,043 |
| Percentage6: | 6.0 |
| Party7: | Religious Torah Front |
| Leader7: | Yitzhak-Meir Levin |
| Seats7: | 6 |
| Last Election7: | 6 |
| Votes7: | 45,569 |
| Percentage7: | 4.7 |
| Party8: | Progressive Party (Israel) |
| Leader8: | Pinchas Rosen |
| Seats8: | 6 |
| Last Election8: | 5 |
| Votes8: | 44,889 |
| Percentage8: | 4.6 |
| Party9: | Maki (historical political party) |
| Leader9: | Shmuel Mikunis |
| Seats9: | 3 |
| Last Election9: | 6 |
| Votes9: | 27,374 |
| Percentage9: | 2.8 |
| Party10: | Progress and Development |
| Leader10: | Ahmed A-Dahar |
| Seats10: | 2 |
| Last Election10: | new |
| Votes10: | 12,347 |
| Percentage10: | 1.3 |
| Party11: | Cooperation and Brotherhood |
| Leader11: | Labib Abu Rokan |
| Seats11: | 2 |
| Last Election11: | new |
| Votes11: | 11,104 |
| Percentage11: | 1.1 |
| Party12: | Agriculture and Development |
| Leader12: | Mahmud Al-Nashaf |
| Seats12: | 1 |
| Last Election12: | 1 |
| Votes12: | 10,902 |
| Percentage12: | 1.1 |
| Before Election: | David Ben-Gurion |
| Before Party: | Mapai |
| After Election: | David Ben-Gurion |
| After Party: | Mapai |
| Prime Minister | |
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 3 November 1959 to elect the 120 members of the fourth Knesset. Mapai remained the dominant party, gaining seven seats. Following the elections, Mapai leader David Ben-Gurion formed ninth government on 17 December 1959. His coalition included the National Religious Party, Mapam, Ahdut HaAvoda, the Progressive Party and the three Israeli Arab parties, Progress and Development, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Agriculture and Development. The government had 16 ministers. Mapai's Kadish Luz became the Speaker of the Knesset.
Voter turnout was 81.6%.[1]
The government collapsed when Ben-Gurion resigned on 31 January 1961, over a motion of no-confidence brought by Herut and the General Zionists in the wake of the Lavon Affair. When Ben-Gurion was unable to form a new government new elections were called. Serving one year and nine months, the fourth Knesset was the shortest Knesset term until the five-month twenty-first Knesset in 2019.