| Competition: | Primera División |
| Season: | 1956–57 |
| Winners: | Real Madrid (5th title) |
| Relegated: | Deportivo La Coruña Condal |
| Continentalcup1: | European Cup |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Real Madrid Sevilla (as Real Madrid qualified as holders) |
| Continentalcup2: | Latin Cup |
| Continentalcup2 Qualifiers: | Real Madrid |
| League Topscorer: | Alfredo Di Stéfano (31 goals) |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 777 |
| Prevseason: | 1955–56 |
| Nextseason: | 1957–58 |
The 1956–57 La Liga was the 26th season since its establishment. The season began on 9 September 1956, and concluded on 21 April 1957. Real Madrid won their fifth title.
For this season, the relegation playoffs was eliminated and the two last qualified teams were directly relegated to Segunda División.
After their promotion, España Industrial was renamed as Condal.
| Team | Home city | Stadium | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona | |||
| Condal | |||
| Las Palmas | |||
| Osasuna | |||
| Real Madrid | |||
| Real Sociedad | |||
| Seville | |||
| Valencia | |||
| Valladolid | |||
| Zaragoza | Torrero |
| Rank | Player | Club | Goals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Alfredo Di Stéfano | Real Madrid | 31 | |
| 2 | Joaquín Murillo | Valladolid | 18 | |
| 3 | Manuel Badenes | Valladolid | 17 | |
| 4 | Mauro Rodríguez | Celta | 16 |